Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily deals with concepts of origin, motherhood, and being unlettered or ignorant. It extends to notions of leadership, being in front, and also encompasses various particles and conjunctions used in Arabic grammar, particularly in questions and alternatives.

This root entry discusses the particle 'am' (أم) used in interrogative sentences, particularly its function when following 'hal' (هل) and its grammatical constraints. It explores the semantic shift from الاستفهام (interrogation) when 'am' is used.

This root primarily relates to the concept of 'people' or 'mankind' in a general sense, encompassing all created beings. It also touches upon specific instances of addressing or entering, particularly in a historical or foreign language context.

This root primarily relates to intense thirst and its effects, as well as smoke or fumes. It also extends to concepts of physical defect, disfigurement, and something being large or well-fed.

This root appears to relate to places and locations, with derived terms referring to specific sites or regions. It also seems to have a connection to describing the act of singing or vocalizing, possibly in a specific context.

This root appears to be primarily associated with a specific geographical location, a mountain named 'al-Butm'. There are no other derived meanings or usages found in this entry.

This root primarily relates to silence, often stemming from awe, shyness, or speechlessness. It also extends to denote a large group or crowd of people.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly obscure, with its primary known usage referring to severe calamities or disasters. Its semantic range is extremely limited based on the provided text.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being abundant or plentiful, particularly in water. It is used to describe bodies of water that are full and overflowing, and by extension, can refer to anything that is copious or abundant.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly related to a specific, obscure term. The provided entry is extremely brief and lacks sufficient context to establish a clear semantic field or derived lemmas.

The root بذم primarily relates to concepts of good judgment, strength, endurance, and inner fortitude. It extends to describe qualities of character, physical robustness, and even specific conditions in animals.

The root 'برم' primarily relates to concepts of being slow, reluctant, or unwilling to participate, often in social or communal activities. It extends to meanings of annoyance, stubbornness, and the act of twisting or braiding, particularly in ropes and threads. The root also encompasses various botanical terms for fruits and plants, as well as specific types of objects like pots and garments.

This root primarily concerns the knuckles or joints of the fingers, particularly their prominent appearance when the hand is clenched. It extends to related concepts like the thickness of speech and a specific tribe among Banu Tamim.

This root primarily discusses a specific illness, 'al-barsam', and its etymology. It also touches upon related terms and the linguistic treatment of foreign loanwords in Arabic.

This root primarily relates to intense or fixed gazing, often implying deep thought, sadness, or sharp vision. It also extends to concepts like coloring dots, a type of veil, and a specific variety of date palm.

This root appears to relate to a stopper or a plug for a container, specifically a bottle or similar vessel. It describes the object used to seal the opening.

This root primarily describes a large or protruding lip, often associated with a sullen, puffed-up expression of anger or displeasure. It extends to the act of pouting or becoming angry, and metaphorically to darkness.

This root primarily concerns the bud or nascent stage of plants, including flowers and young fruits. It extends metaphorically to describe the early or initial stages of things, and also refers to specific geographical locations and mountain peaks.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a bud or nascent growth in plants. It also extends to the act of staring intently or gazing fixedly, often with a sense of deep contemplation or observation. Additionally, it encompasses theological concepts related to divine messengers.

The root 'بزم' primarily relates to a specific type of biting or gripping with the front teeth. It extends to actions involving a firm hold or grip, such as drawing a bowstring or milking with specific fingers. It also signifies resolve or a firm decision.

This root primarily concerns the act of smiling, specifically a gentle or pleasant form of laughter. It also extends to the visual aspect of smiling, such as lips parting, and metaphorically to things revealing themselves like lightning from clouds.

This root entry discusses the proper noun 'Bistam' (بسطام), which is not originally an Arabic name. It was adopted from Persian, referring to a king of Persia, and then Arabized. The entry also touches upon the grammatical treatment of such foreign names in Arabic.

This root primarily concerns the concept of overeating, leading to indigestion, fullness, and discomfort. It also extends to a specific type of tree known for its pleasant fragrance and use as a toothbrush, and includes a personal name derived from it.

This root primarily relates to the concept of thickness, density, and measurement, particularly concerning physical objects like cloth or the spacing between fingers. It also extends to the idea of leaving a mark or impression.

This root primarily relates to the concept of breath, exhalation, or a gentle puff of air. It extends to describe the swelling or growth of a plant part, specifically the ear of grain as it emerges and matures.

This root primarily refers to a type of tree and its fruit, specifically the mastic tree and its green fruit. It also denotes a specific location.

This root primarily concerns the sounds made by animals, particularly young ones or mothers calling to them. It extends to a soft, indistinct, or murmuring sound, and metaphorically to a gentle or flirtatious form of speech.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being thick, dense, or viscous. It describes substances that are not easily penetrated or moved, often implying a heavy or substantial quality.

This root primarily relates to wool fibers, specifically remnants or unusable parts. It also extends to a type of tree used for dyeing, which is considered a loanword. Additionally, it encompasses terms for weakness and a specific place name.

This root primarily concerns the state of being mute or unable to speak, often encompassing related conditions like deafness or blindness. It describes congenital muteness, acquired inability to speak, and a metaphorical use for ignorance or inability to comprehend and respond.

This root primarily relates to swelling, particularly of lips or animal reproductive organs, and also encompasses terms for plant parts like palm fronds and cotton, as well as a specific type of plant and a disease affecting camels.

This root appears to be a variant or related to the root بلدم, both referring to heaviness, slowness, and dullness in appearance or intellect.

This root primarily describes parts of the throat and chest, particularly the front of the chest and the upper airway. It also extends to describe a heavy, slow, or dull person, and a dull or ineffective sword.

This root primarily relates to parts of the throat and esophagus, particularly in animals like horses. It also extends to describe someone who is slow-witted or dull.

This root primarily relates to silence, often associated with fear, shock, or deep thought. It also encompasses a state of being pale or discolored, possibly due to illness or distress.

This root appears to relate to the act of sealing or closing something, possibly with a specific substance or method. It describes the action of making something firm or shut.

The root بلطم primarily relates to the concept of silence or being quiet. It describes a state of not speaking, often implying a deliberate or imposed muteness.

This root primarily relates to the act of swallowing and the anatomical structures involved in eating, such as the throat and esophagus. It also extends to descriptions of excessive eating and, metaphorically, to individuals who are greedy or oppressive.

This root primarily concerns phlegm, a bodily humor in classical medicine. It refers to the substance itself, its properties, and related medical concepts.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of musical string, particularly the thickest one on stringed instruments like the lute. It also refers to a place name, specifically a region or city in Kerman.

This root primarily relates to the fingers and hands, specifically the tips or extremities. It can also refer to the act of pointing or gesturing with these digits.

The root 'بهم' (bhm) primarily relates to concepts of obscurity, ambiguity, lack of clarity, and the young of certain animals. It extends to meanings of being mute, unintelligent, or undifferentiated, as well as encompassing large four-legged animals.

This root primarily concerns a type of plant called 'buhamā', known for its nutritional value and specific growth characteristics. It also extends to geographical names and abstract concepts like 'vague' or 'unspecified' terms.

This root primarily relates to the color red, particularly the deep red of safflower, and by extension, the act of dyeing with it. It also extends to concepts of maturity, the blooming of flowers, and specific astronomical or mythological figures.

This root primarily concerns the owl, a nocturnal bird of prey. It details the specific term for a male owl and its collective noun, as well as its plural forms. The root also touches upon the sound associated with owls.