Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily describes desolate, barren, and vast lands, often implying emptiness and remoteness. It also extends to meanings related to sending, cutting off ties, and harsh speech, as well as specific types of trees and a Christian festival.

The root سحب (s-h-b) primarily relates to the concept of dragging, pulling, or trailing something along a surface. It extends to the idea of something moving or extending across a space, like clouds or time, and also encompasses meanings related to greediness or excessive consumption.

This root appears to describe a bold and forward-moving action or person. It conveys a sense of rushing, advancing, or being impetuous, often with a connotation of strength or determination.

This root primarily relates to necklaces and ornaments, particularly those made of fragrant or common materials rather than precious gems. It also extends to meanings of clamor, shouting, and a contrast between inactivity and eager pursuit.

This root primarily concerns movement, going, and flowing, often in a free or unhindered manner. It extends to concepts of herds, flocks, and groups moving together, as well as paths and routes. Metaphorically, it can refer to the heart, inner self, or one's disposition.

This root primarily concerns movement, flowing, and entering, often in a subtle or hidden manner. It extends to concepts of passage, hidden places, and flowing liquids, as well as groups or herds moving together.

This root primarily describes tallness and excellence in physical form, particularly in relation to animals like horses and camels. It also extends to concepts of swiftness and agility, especially in the context of movement.

This root primarily relates to underground structures, specifically cellars, basements, or subterranean chambers. It can also refer to a place where something is kept or stored, often in a hidden or protected manner.

This root appears to be related to a specific animal, the weasel, and its characteristics. It also includes a geographical place name.

This root appears to describe something large, tall, and robust, particularly in reference to a woman or a horse. It conveys a sense of imposing physical stature and strength.

This root primarily relates to structures or platforms, particularly those used for sitting or working. It encompasses benches, raised platforms, and even celestial formations.

This root primarily deals with the concept of stretching, extending, or flowing in thin strands or threads. It is often used to describe liquids like honey, saliva, or milk, and can also refer to things that are drawn out or elongated.

This root primarily denotes hunger, often severe or accompanied by hardship. It can also extend to encompass famine and the state of being hungry or starving.

The root سقب primarily relates to the concept of closeness, proximity, and being young or newly born, particularly referring to a young camel. It also extends to meanings of being tall, strong, and the structural elements of a tent.

This root appears to describe something tall or elongated, specifically referring to a tall man. The primary meaning is directly related to physical stature.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly obscure, primarily referring to a specific group of people and a verb meaning to throw down or prostrate someone.

The root سكب (skb) primarily relates to the act of pouring, flowing, or spilling, often of liquids like water or blood. It extends to concepts of continuous or abundant flow, and by extension, to things that are constant, necessary, or abundant, such as rain, speech, or even a horse's gait. It also encompasses specific terms for plants, fabrics, and parts of a saddle or water skin.

This root primarily describes things that are extended, stretched out, or spread out flat. It can refer to physical extension in paths or movement, as well as a state of being prostrate or lying flat. It also has a specific application to describe a woman's uninhibited or unrestrained behavior.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being a bishop or a high-ranking clergyman. It primarily deals with the title and role of a bishop, particularly within a Christian context.

This root primarily describes something or someone that is tall and long, often with a sense of grandeur or impressive stature. It is applied to people, horses, and generally to things that are lengthy.

This root primarily relates to concepts of time, duration, and periods, often referring to long stretches of time. It also extends to negative character traits like bad temper and malice, and in a specialized context, to the swiftness and endurance of a horse.

This root appears to relate to the concept of absence, concealment, or being hidden away. It describes a state of being absent or a place of hiddenness.

This root appears to relate to concepts of hardness, solidity, and strength, particularly in relation to animals or objects. It describes something that is firm, unyielding, and robust.

This root appears to relate to concepts of length, disorder, and specific tools. It includes terms for a type of long, disordered state and a blacksmith's hammer.

This root primarily describes concepts related to expansive, wide, or extensive qualities, often applied to horses, speech, land, and actions. It can also denote a lack of restraint, excess, or a state of being overwhelmed or lost.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of beverage, particularly a fermented drink made from grain, commonly associated with Egypt. It appears to be a specialized term with limited broader semantic extension.

The root سيب (s-y-b) primarily relates to the concept of giving, bestowing, and flowing. It extends to meanings of free movement, release, and things that are freely given or flow naturally, including natural resources and even specific types of animals or plants. It also encompasses the act of leaving something to its own course.

This root primarily describes bursts, surges, or streams of something, particularly rain, but also extends to the intensity or force of movement and the initial appearance of beauty.

This root primarily concerns the concept of youth, adolescence, and the prime of life. It also extends to meanings related to ignition, kindling, and the intensity of emotions or actions.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of youth, growth, and vigor, extending to the idea of igniting or intensifying something, like fire or emotions. It also encompasses terms for young animals, particularly bulls, and specific uses related to poetry and appearance.

The root شجب primarily relates to concepts of grief, destruction, perishing, and distress. It also extends to meanings of being occupied, speaking ill, and physical objects associated with holding or drying things, as well as a specific type of camel-herding equipment.

This root primarily describes a change in color and physical appearance, often associated with paleness due to weakness, hunger, illness, or exertion. It can also refer to the peeling or scraping of the earth's surface.

This root primarily concerns the act of flowing or gushing, particularly of liquids like milk or blood. It also extends to the sound associated with such flow, and metaphorically to hitting or missing a target.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to a small crawling creature found on the ground. Its semantic scope is narrow and specific.

This root appears to describe something that is thick, strong, and robust. It is used to characterize both physical objects and potentially abstract qualities of sturdiness.

This root appears to be a dialectal term, possibly Iraqi, referring to something adorned with beads and threads, resembling jewelry. It is used to describe a girl adorned in such a manner, and also appears in a proverbial saying.

The root شذب (sh-dh-b) primarily relates to the act of cutting, trimming, or pruning, especially of trees and branches. It extends to concepts of removing extraneous parts, stripping away, and by extension, driving away or repelling. It also encompasses meanings related to thinness, sparseness, and separation, both physically and metaphorically.

The root شرب primarily relates to the act of drinking and imbibing. It extends metaphorically to concepts of absorption, mixing, and infusion, particularly concerning colors, emotions, and liquids into substances. It also encompasses related ideas like thirst, satiation, and even physical weakness.

This root primarily describes tallness and length, often applied to people, horses, and plants. It can also denote excellence or nobility, particularly in the context of a horse.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being tall and slender, often with a good physique. It extends to the act of cutting or splitting something lengthwise, and also refers to specific types of cloth and a place name.

This root primarily describes things that are lean, dried out, or withered, often applied to animals like horses and people. It can also refer to a mark, a type of bow, or a rough place.

This root primarily describes a state of extreme leanness and dryness, often due to emaciation or scarcity. It can refer to a thin, dried-out body, a lean animal, or even a dry, withered object.

This root primarily denotes hardship, scarcity, and difficulty. It extends to concepts of severe living conditions, drought, and intense situations. It also has specific, less common meanings related to animal slaughter, parts of a saddle, and even names for the devil.

This root pertains to qualities of strength, firmness, and robustness. It describes something that is solid, unyielding, and powerfully built, often implying a high degree of physical or structural integrity.

The root شعب (sha'aba) primarily relates to separation, division, and spreading out. This encompasses concepts like diverging paths, the scattering of people, the breaking apart of horns, and the widening of physical spaces. It also extends to meanings of death, destiny, and specific geographical or tribal names.

This root appears to relate to harshness, difficulty, and perhaps a rugged or unyielding nature. It is associated with a difficult or thorny path and a harsh disposition.