Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of sinking, descending, or going down, often into water or a substance. It extends to meanings of being deeply embedded, submerged, or even falling into a state. Figuratively, it can denote steadfastness or a profound, penetrating quality.

This root appears to relate to specific, possibly obscure, terms for types of clay or mud, and potentially related containers or vessels. The primary usage seems to be in a highly specialized, classical context.

This root primarily concerns the concept of saliva, particularly when it is thick, viscous, or dripping. It extends to describe sweet, pleasant liquids, and by extension, things that are sweet or pleasant like snow, sugar, or honey. It also relates to rain and a type of plant.

This root primarily concerns the state of being moist, fresh, or tender, contrasting with dryness and hardness. It extends to describe soft or tender things, including young plants, unripe dates, and even a gentle disposition in people. It also relates to the act of moistening or making something tender.

The root رعب (raʿaba) primarily denotes intense fear, terror, and panic. It extends to concepts of filling or overflowing, particularly with water, and also describes physical attributes like thickness, ripeness, and even a type of pigeon.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of desire, longing, eagerness, and aspiration. It extends to encompass begging, asking, and coveting, as well as the opposite, such as renunciation and turning away. It also touches upon abundance, generosity, and spaciousness.

This root primarily relates to watching, guarding, and observing. It extends to concepts of expectation, care, and the neck or throat, often in a metaphorical sense of being responsible for or subject to something.

This root primarily relates to journeys, travel, and movement, encompassing the act of traveling, the means of travel, and places associated with journeys. It also extends to the concept of a resting place or a destination.

This root primarily concerns the rabbit, its name, and related terms. It also extends to descriptions of color, materials made from rabbit fur, and geographical locations. Additionally, it includes terms for the tip of the nose and a type of plant.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, apprehension, and awe. It extends to related ideas of reverence, intimidation, and religious devotion, particularly within monasticism. It also encompasses terms for specific physical attributes and objects.

The root ريب (r-y-b) primarily denotes doubt, suspicion, and uncertainty. It extends to encompass the adversities and vicissitudes of time, as well as the concept of need or necessity. The derived terms often describe the act of causing doubt or suspicion in someone, or experiencing it oneself.

This root primarily concerns the act of carrying or bearing something, often with a sense of speed or intensity. It also extends to drinking vigorously and dragging a load.

This root appears to relate to containers, specifically referring to bottles or flasks. It is also associated with feelings of animosity and rivalry between people.

This root primarily relates to the concept of abundant or excessive hair, particularly on the face, limbs, or ears. It extends to meanings of abundance in general, such as fertile land, and also to the act of approaching or nearing, especially the setting of the sun. Additionally, it encompasses specific terms for animal features, bodily fluids, and even a type of snake.

This root appears to be related to the concept of speaking or uttering words. It is primarily used in the negative to indicate a lack of speech or sound.

This root primarily denotes closeness or proximity, often with a sense of slow movement or creeping. It can also refer to the act of drawing near or approaching.

This root describes something that has become thick, strong, and robust. It is primarily applied to animals, particularly young ones, indicating a state of well-developed musculature and solid build.

This root appears to relate to qualities of endurance and strength, particularly in the context of camels and their ability to travel long distances.

This root describes something strong, robust, and mature, particularly in the context of young camels. It also extends to the concept of being powerful or intense.

This root appears to relate to mocking or making light of people. The primary derived form suggests a person who ridicules others.

This root primarily relates to enclosures, corrals, and confined spaces, often for animals or as hiding places. It extends to meanings of entry, carpets, and even specific geographical locations and water channels.

This root appears to relate to the act of choking or strangling someone. It describes a forceful constriction of the throat, leading to suffocation.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly obscure, with its primary known meaning relating to a specific type of fermented milk product.

This root primarily relates to fragrant plants and substances, often associated with pleasant scents. It also extends to describe specific anatomical parts and a type of meat.

The root Z-'-B primarily denotes concepts of filling, overflowing, and pushing or moving forcefully. It extends to meanings of carrying something heavy, giving a portion of something, and making a sound. It also appears in terms for specific types of spears and descriptions of people.

The root 'زغب' primarily relates to the fine, soft down or fuzz found on young birds, young animals, or even the early hair of humans. It extends to describe a delicate, downy texture and can be applied metaphorically to young, tender plants or even certain types of fungi.

This root primarily relates to intense rumbling or roaring sounds, often associated with animals. It also extends to descriptions of physical appearance, specifically a large face or body, and the act of being insistent in asking.

This root primarily describes abundance, particularly of water. It is used to denote large bodies of water, copious amounts of water, and by extension, someone who is generous or gives abundantly.

This root appears to relate to doubt, suspicion, or something that troubles the heart. It signifies a lack of certainty or a lingering unease.

This root primarily concerns the concept of entering, inserting, or passing through something, often in a confined or narrow manner. It also extends to meanings related to narrow paths or passages, and a specific vocalization sound.

The root Z-K-B primarily relates to the act of throwing, casting, or expelling something forcefully. It extends to concepts of filling, sexual intercourse, and even entering deeply into something.

The root 'زلب' primarily describes the act of clinging or adhering closely to someone, particularly a child to its mother. It can also imply taking or seizing something, though this usage is considered less common or of lower quality.

This root appears to be related to the act of swallowing or consuming something, particularly food.

This root primarily describes abundance, density, and rapid movement, particularly in the context of water (floods) and clouds. It can also refer to the early stages of a bird's feather development.

This root primarily describes the initial sprouting or emergence of feathers or hair. It specifically refers to the stage where the quills of feathers appear before they are fully formed, or when new hair begins to grow, especially if it is soft and fine.

This root primarily relates to the stinger of a scorpion and, by extension, to corpulence or stoutness. It also encompasses names derived from plants and personal names.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of garment worn by women, particularly during menstruation. It also extends to a geographical or regional term, possibly a belt or girdle.

This root primarily relates to water sources and their characteristics. It describes specific bodies of water and the openings through which water emerges from springs.

This root primarily relates to the concept of giving or possessing wealth, particularly in the sense of bestowing it upon someone. It also extends to the idea of carrying or bearing something, often in conjunction with wealth or a burden.

This root appears to be a rare or possibly erroneous entry in classical Arabic lexicography. It is presented as a noun without further derivation or clear semantic connection to known roots. Its usage and meaning are not established in standard lexicons.

This root appears to relate to a specific physical characteristic, possibly related to hair or beard growth, though the provided entry is very brief and lacks extensive derivation.

This root primarily describes the act of moving quickly and stealthily, often implying escape or evasion. It encompasses concepts of running, slipping away, and disappearing.

The root Z-Y-B primarily relates to strong winds, particularly the south wind, and by extension, intense phenomena. It also extends to meanings of speed, intensity, and sometimes negative connotations like hostility or being an imposter.

This root primarily concerns the act of choking or strangling, often to the point of death. It also extends to the meaning of a wineskin or container for liquids, particularly wine or honey, and by extension, the careful management and preservation of wealth.

This root primarily relates to the concept of hair, particularly long strands or locks, and by extension, things that hang down or are attached. It also extends to describe certain thorny plants.