Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily relates to the ripening and spoilage of fruits and food. It describes the state of being ripe and ready to eat, as well as the process of decay and becoming putrid.

This root primarily relates to the concept of density, thickness, and abundance. It describes physical attributes like a thick beard or dense material, and can also refer to a collection of small particles.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intense distress, hardship, and burden. It also extends to the idea of not caring or being concerned about something.

This root primarily describes a type of parasitic plant that attaches to trees without rooting in the ground. It conveys a sense of being unrooted, ephemeral, or lacking substance.

This root primarily concerns the concept of staying, remaining, or dwelling in a place for a period of time. It encompasses notions of lingering, tarrying, and the duration of one's presence.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of persistence, insistence, and lingering, often in a negative or stubborn sense. It also extends to meanings of staying in a place, hesitation, and prolonged duration, particularly for rain.

This root primarily concerns concepts of slowness, sluggishness, and being muddled or mixed. It extends to meanings of being overwhelmed, confused, or physically sluggish, as well as the act of binding or wrapping.

This root primarily describes the state of panting, often associated with thirst or exhaustion. It extends to the feeling of intense thirst itself and the physical manifestation of panting, particularly in dogs and humans.

This root primarily relates to the lion, a powerful and predatory animal. It extends to describe a type of spider that hunts by leaping, and metaphorically to describe someone who acts like a lion or is boastful. It also refers to a specific creature associated with a place name.

This root primarily relates to wiping, touching, and mixing or confusing things. It extends to actions like feeding something greasy and the physical act of shaking or moving something back and forth.

This root primarily relates to the action of manipulating or working something with the hands, often involving a soft or yielding substance. It extends to meanings of patience and persistence, particularly in disputes, and also to the act of a child sucking or chewing on its finger.

This root primarily relates to actions of mixing, stirring, or diluting, often with a connotation of weakening or spoiling. It can also extend to meanings of striking lightly, damaging reputation, or affecting vegetation negatively.

This root primarily concerns the concept of staying, remaining, or waiting in a place. It encompasses notions of lingering, delaying, and being settled or unhurried.

This root primarily concerns the act of soothing, comforting, or reassuring someone, often through words or promises. It also relates to the specific time of twilight, particularly when darkness is not yet fully established.

This root primarily deals with the concept of dissolving, melting, or becoming diffused, especially when a substance is placed in a liquid. It describes the process of something breaking down and spreading within another medium.

This root primarily relates to soft, yielding earth, often due to rain. It also extends to the act of stirring or mixing something in water and can refer to a specific place or even a person's name.

This root primarily concerns the act of digging or excavating, particularly with the hands. It also extends to the material excavated, such as soil from wells or rivers, and can be used metaphorically.

This root primarily concerns the act of spreading or leaking something, particularly secrets or liquids. It also extends to the idea of increasing or multiplying, often in a negative context like gossip.

This root primarily relates to the act of bringing something forth or exposing it, particularly from the earth or from concealment. It also extends to the idea of seeking or calling for help, and metaphorically to the inner core or essence of things.

This root primarily concerns the act of spitting or expelling something from the mouth, often with a forceful expulsion of air. It extends to related concepts like sorcery, venomous spitting, and even a metaphorical expression for unavoidable release.

This root primarily relates to the concept of speed and swiftness in movement. It describes the act of moving quickly or hastening, often implying a rapid departure or progression.

This root primarily concerns the act of breaking, undoing, or violating something previously established, such as a covenant, a bond, or even a spun thread. It can also refer to the effort or exertion involved in a task or journey, and in some contexts, a difficult situation.

This root primarily concerns inheritance, legacy, and succession. It covers the act of inheriting, the property inherited, and the process of passing down something through generations, whether material wealth or tradition.

This root pertains to the act of striking or stamping forcefully, particularly with the foot on the ground. It is presented as a variant or dialectal form of another root.

This root primarily relates to difficult, rough, or arduous terrain and the associated hardship. It extends to concepts of being broken, excessive spending, and even physical attributes like being fleshy or lacking in lineage.

This root primarily deals with concepts of scarcity, uncertainty, and a light or unintentional touch. It encompasses notions of a small amount of something, a vague or unconfirmed agreement, and a gentle or repeated striking.

This root appears to relate to concepts of mixing, confusion, or intense situations, particularly in speech or matters.

This root appears to relate to concepts of mixing, mingling, and rapid emission or descent. It also carries a sense of injustice or oppression when applied to a ruler.

This root appears to describe a type of foolishness or slowness of understanding. It is used metaphorically to denote someone who is simple-minded or easily deceived.

This root primarily relates to giving something small or a small amount. It also encompasses the concepts of movement and a gathering of people.

This root primarily concerns the intense burning and flaring of fire. It extends to describe intense heat, rapid movement with a rustling sound, and a state of confusion or mixing. It also denotes a bitter, salty taste, particularly in water.

This root primarily relates to the pleasant fragrance of perfumes and incense. It also extends to the meaning of inciting or instigating conflict between people, akin to fanning the flames of war.

This root primarily relates to architectural structures, specifically types of buildings, foundations, and their construction. It also extends to concepts of firmness and solidity in these structures.

This root primarily describes intense heat and thirst, often associated with severe summer conditions. It conveys a sense of oppressive dryness and burning.

This root appears to relate to the concept of colors, varieties, or types, particularly in the context of food. It is noted as a loanword from Persian, referring to the diverse colors of dishes.

The root 'bjj' primarily relates to the concept of splitting, opening, or widening. It extends to actions like piercing with a spear, and also describes physical attributes such as wide eyes or a corpulent body.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of young bovine, likely a calf or a young bull. The primary meaning is the offspring of a cow.

This root primarily describes a young sheep, specifically a ram lamb, akin to a young goat. It also encompasses related concepts like offspring and potentially a type of garment or covering.

This root primarily relates to elevated structures, towers, and fortifications. It also extends to visual aspects like the white of the eye and the act of women displaying their adornments.

This root pertains to the concept of captivity or being taken as a prisoner. It is noted as a loanword from Persian, meaning 'slave' or 'captive'.

This root primarily concerns the concept of splitting, cutting open, or bursting apart. It extends to the idea of a wide or spacious opening, particularly in the context of the sky or a valley, and can also describe a person's gait.

This root primarily concerns the concept of brightness, illumination, and radiance. It extends to describe the dawn, a clear and bright complexion, and by extension, a cheerful disposition or laughter. It can also refer to clarity and distinctness, particularly in contrast to obscurity.

This root primarily concerns the concept of beauty, radiance, and joy. It describes a pleasing appearance, a state of happiness, and the act of causing delight or becoming delighted.

This root primarily deals with concepts of falsity, worthlessness, and deception. It extends to things that are counterfeit, showy but empty, or morally corrupt.

This root primarily deals with the concept of sudden, overwhelming, or calamitous events. It also extends to the visual phenomenon of lightning flashing.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of citrus fruit, likely a citron or a similar large, fragrant variety. It also encompasses place names and descriptive terms for thickness or robustness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a crown or diadem, symbolizing royalty, authority, and adornment. It extends to the act of crowning, being crowned, and metaphorical uses related to high status or leadership.

This root primarily concerns the sound or cry of sheep, specifically a bleating or bleating sound. It also extends to the general concept of making a sound or crying out.

This root primarily denotes the middle or central part of something, often referring to the back or torso. It extends to concepts of fullness, thickness, and the act of obscuring or not clarifying.

This root primarily concerns the concept of flowing, gushing, or pouring, especially of liquids like water, blood, or rain. It can also refer to the act of causing something to flow or the result of such flow.