Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns snow and its effects, but extends metaphorically to feelings of calm, reassurance, and even dullness or slowness of mind. It also has a specific geological meaning related to reaching clay.

This root primarily relates to concepts of movement, instability, and looseness. It also extends to describe physical characteristics of the land and containers.

This root primarily relates to the head and skull. It describes the skull itself and also refers to the head in a more general sense, often used in expressions indicating something is placed upon or associated with the head.

This root appears to relate to something worthless, insignificant, or of low value. It is used to describe objects or concepts that are trivial and hold no real worth.

This root primarily describes a state of abdominal distension in camels, often due to eating specific plants. It also extends to the action of striking someone with a stick and, metaphorically, to the plant basil.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of carrying, loading, and intense staring. It encompasses terms for specific types of loads, carrying devices, and the act of fixing one's gaze upon something.

This root primarily relates to the concept of rolling, moving something smoothly, or making something compact and firm. It also extends to descriptions of physical attributes like shortness and the creation of smooth, rolled objects.

The root 'حرج' primarily denotes concepts of narrowness, difficulty, and restriction. It extends to meanings of sin, a specific type of structure for the deceased, and a long, slender camel. It also encompasses the idea of being forbidden or prohibited.

This root primarily describes sounds of distress or difficulty, particularly the gurgling sound made during death or the labored breathing associated with it. It can also refer to the sounds made by animals in their throats or the sound of water in a confined space.

This root primarily relates to concepts of residue, remnants, and intense emotional states like anger. It also encompasses actions of striking, igniting, and becoming inflamed.

This root appears to describe a specific physical characteristic, likely related to gait or posture. The primary meaning revolves around a particular type of leg splay or divergence.

This root primarily concerns the process of separating cotton fibers from seeds, often using a specialized tool. It extends to related actions like traveling through the night and specific food or dairy preparations.

This root primarily concerns the act of looking, specifically focusing on the intensity, manner, and physical appearance of the eye during intense observation. It also relates to the eye becoming sunken or appearing smaller due to such intense gazing.

This root primarily relates to the act of twisting or coiling, particularly with intensity. It also extends to a specific tool used by goldsmiths.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of bending, inclining, or distorting something, whether physically or figuratively. It can also refer to an origin or foundation.

This root primarily concerns the concept of need, necessity, and desire. It extends to the act of needing something, the state of being in need, and expressions related to fulfilling or lacking needs. It also includes a less common meaning related to a type of thorny plant.

This root primarily relates to striking or beating, often with an object like a stick. It can also extend to the idea of being struck or afflicted.

This root appears to relate to concepts of abundance, richness, and pleasantness, particularly concerning food and physical well-being. It describes a good meal and a soft, well-nourished physique.

This root describes something that twists, turns, or is difficult and harsh. It is primarily applied to winds, but also to the gait of a camel and to emotional states of withdrawal.

This root primarily concerns the concept of premature birth or incompleteness, whether in animals, humans, or abstract concepts like prayer. It extends to notions of deficiency, lack, or being incomplete in form or substance.

This root describes a woman who is full-bodied, particularly in her arms and legs. It conveys a sense of plumpness and robustness.

The root 'خرج' primarily deals with the concept of 'going out', 'exiting', or 'emerging'. This extends to meanings of departure, production, and things that come forth, including taxes, growths, and even abstract concepts like the opposite of 'entering'.

This root primarily relates to concepts of spaciousness, abundance, and extravagance. It can describe a wide or ample living, and by extension, something that is loose, flowing, or excessively large, particularly in clothing.

The root خزرج primarily relates to wind, specifically the south wind. It is also famously associated with the names of two major tribes of the Ansar in Medina, Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj, who were descendants of a woman named Qaylah.

This root primarily describes a condition of camels where their legs move erratically or prematurely when rising, suggesting weakness or a tremor. It also extends to a description of a person or child being fleshy, and a proper noun referring to a tribe.

The root 'خلج' primarily deals with the concept of pulling, snatching, or drawing something away. This extends to meanings of distraction, sudden movement, and even physical ailments or actions like winking. It also encompasses derived terms for geographical features, tools, and specific types of ships or people.

The root خ-م-ج primarily relates to a state of weakness, lukewarmness, or a lack of vigor. It can describe a physical or metaphorical decline, leading to negative connotations like poor reputation or disgrace.

This root primarily discusses the meaning of 'silk' or 'brocade', often of Persian origin. It also extends to metaphorical uses related to adornment, and a specific idiom for emptiness or absence.

This root primarily relates to darkness, intense blackness, and obscurity. It also extends to concepts of being covered or armored, slow movement, and the collective noun for chickens.

This root primarily concerns the act of rolling, moving something along by turning it over and over. It extends to the shape of something that is round or rolling, and the action of dung beetles rolling their balls.

This root primarily concerns movement, progression, and passing away. It encompasses walking, proceeding, and the concept of time passing, leading to extinction or death. It also extends to concepts of gradual advancement, folding, and pathways.

This root primarily describes intense blackness and wideness of the eyes. It extends to describe dark-complexioned or dark-haired individuals and is also used to refer to specific phases of the moon during the lunar month.

This root appears to relate to the concept of repeated movement or coming and going. It also has a specific application as a proper name.

This root primarily concerns traveling or moving, especially during the night. It also extends to actions related to drawing water and to specific places or entities associated with movement or dwelling.

The root دمج (DMJ) primarily relates to entering into something, becoming integrated, and being concealed or hidden within. It extends to concepts of thoroughness, completeness, and even darkness or obscurity.

This root primarily relates to arm ornaments and smooth, graduated objects. It encompasses bracelets, armlets, and things that are smooth and well-formed, often implying a sense of being polished or graduated.

This root describes a specific manner of walking or moving, characterized by a short, quick, and somewhat constrained gait. It is often applied to large animals like camels when they move with this particular pace.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of camel and a precious stone. The derived terms describe a two-humped camel, possibly of Persian origin, and a jewel resembling emerald.

This root primarily concerns the act of swallowing or drinking something forcefully and rapidly. It also extends to the idea of piercing or tearing something, particularly a waterskin, and the resulting state of being torn.

This root primarily relates to a state of dullness, slowness, or lack of intelligence. It describes a person or an action characterized by such qualities.

The root رتج (rtg) primarily denotes the concept of closing, blocking, or obstructing. This applies to physical objects like doors, as well as abstract concepts like speech or the womb. It can also refer to something being full or sealed.

The root 'رجج' primarily denotes movement, shaking, and agitation. It extends to describe physical states like being large or emaciated, and also refers to specific things like water remnants or plants.

This root primarily discusses the afterbirth of young animals and a type of black leather, possibly of Persian origin. It also touches upon a specific term for a shoemaker.

This root primarily relates to rapid, repeated, or abundant movement, often associated with lightning, wealth, or filling up. It can describe the flickering of lightning, the accumulation of possessions, or a place becoming full.

This root primarily deals with the concept of nutmeg, its origin, and related terms. It also touches upon the idea of suffering or affliction, though this is less prominent in the provided text.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something being in demand, circulating, or selling well. It extends to the idea of being popular, active, or having a good reputation, particularly in commerce and social standing.

This root primarily concerns dust and the act of stirring it up. It also extends to a specific gait or manner of walking, possibly of foreign origin.

This root primarily relates to adornment, decoration, and precious materials. It extends to describe things that are embellished or made beautiful, including fine fabrics, jewels, and even certain natural phenomena like colorful clouds.

This root primarily relates to pointed objects, particularly the tip of a spear, and extends to describe physical attributes like slender eyebrows and a long stride. It also encompasses actions related to these concepts, such as sharpening a spear or enhancing one's eyebrows.