Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to goodness, choice, and preference. It encompasses concepts of selecting the best option, inherent goodness, and also includes specific botanical and tribal names derived from these core meanings.

The root دثر primarily relates to the concepts of fading, becoming old, worn out, or obsolete. It extends to meanings of neglect, decay, and being forgotten. Metaphorically, it can refer to the deterioration of things like reputation, hearts, or even physical objects like swords.

The root 'دجر' primarily relates to confusion, bewilderment, and a state of being lost or aimless. It also extends to meanings of sluggishness, foolishness, and can refer to specific agricultural tools and plants like cowpeas. Additionally, it denotes darkness and a state of being overgrown.

The root دحر (d-h-r) primarily concerns the concept of pushing, repelling, or driving something away forcefully, often with connotations of humiliation, expulsion, or banishment. It extends to the idea of being distant or removed, and in its comparative forms, signifies extreme repulsion or banishment.

This root appears to relate to the concept of filling or making something full, possibly with a sense of robustness or completeness. It also includes a specific animal name.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of humiliation, degradation, and subservience. It describes a state of being diminished, submissive, and forced into obedience, often implying a lack of will or dignity.

This root primarily concerns a type of fine, white, preserved garment, likely of Persian origin. It is associated with being kept on a 'takht' (a type of couch or platform), implying value and careful storage.

This root appears to relate to the concept of large testicles, specifically in a descriptive or titular sense. It is primarily used as an adjective or epithet.

This root primarily relates to shining, sparkling, and brilliance, often applied to swords. It also extends to concepts of a path's course or middle, a wind's direction, and the gums or sockets of teeth. Figuratively, it can denote a person's essence or a place of danger.

This root primarily relates to the concept of pushing, shoving, or thrusting. It encompasses the physical act of propelling something forward with force.

The root دسر (d-s-r) primarily denotes forceful pushing, thrusting, or piercing. It extends to concepts of securing or fastening, particularly in the context of ships, and also describes large, strong entities like men, animals, or military units.

This root primarily refers to a type of building, often grand and palatial, associated with non-Arabs. It can denote a fortified structure, a place for entertainment and drinking, or a monastery. The term is of foreign origin.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly obscure. It is primarily associated with a specific term for a type of ship, with limited other attestations.

The root دعر primarily relates to something that burns poorly, producing smoke but little heat, often associated with bad or rotten wood. It extends metaphorically to describe moral corruption, فساد (fasaad), particularly in the context of promiscuity, treachery, and general worthlessness.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of destruction, demolition, and ruin, often applied to structures like basins or houses. It also extends to meanings related to foolishness, being broken or overcome, and the actions of digging or burrowing, particularly by animals.

This root primarily describes the act of a flood or torrent advancing rapidly and forcefully. It extends to the idea of attacking or descending upon someone with harshness, foulness, or harm, often in an overwhelming manner.

This root primarily relates to the concept of swiftness, speed, and rapid movement. It describes a quick, forceful action or a rapid progression.

The root دغر (daghara) primarily relates to forceful, unhesitating action, often involving a sudden attack or forceful entry. It also extends to meanings of mixing, a specific type of throat ailment and its treatment, snatching or stealing, and a state of being underdeveloped or neglected.

This root primarily concerns the concept of mixing, confusion, and adulteration, particularly in relation to character, disposition, and color. It extends to meanings of being bad-tempered, ignoble, or deceitful.

The root دفر (d-f-r) primarily relates to the concept of pushing or repelling, often with a physical force. It also extends to meanings of foul odor, decay, and unpleasantness, sometimes metaphorically referring to disgrace or difficult circumstances.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a collection of bound pages, a book, or a register. It extends to the act of writing or recording within such a collection.

This root primarily relates to concepts of planting, growth, and abundance, particularly in vegetation. It also extends to meanings of fullness, sickness, and deviation, as well as specific objects and abstract concepts like falsehoods and disputes.

This root primarily concerns the concept of remembrance, memory, and recalling. It also extends to related ideas like a reminder, a male animal, and in some contexts, a type of game or a specific pronunciation variant.

This root primarily concerns destruction, ruin, and perishing. It extends to concepts of entering without permission, which is seen as a form of ruin, and also describes specific types of animals and a city.

This root primarily describes a quality of land being smooth, level, and easy to traverse. It can also extend to describe an animal that is well-fed, plump, and substantial.

This root primarily relates to the gold coin, the dinar, and its Persian origin. It extends to describe things that are golden, shining, or have a specific coloration resembling gold or mixed with dark hues, often applied to animals.

This root primarily concerns the concept of time, encompassing long periods, eternity, and the passage of life. It also extends to notions of fate, destiny, and the events that unfold over time, sometimes with negative connotations of hardship or misfortune.

This root primarily relates to falsehood, vanity, and worthlessness. It is used to describe something or someone as empty, deceitful, or ultimately of no consequence. It can also refer to a strong or brave individual, though often in a context that implies a lack of practical effect.

This root primarily relates to large size and intensity, particularly concerning animals like camels. It describes something that is large, robust, or formidable.

This root primarily describes shortness in stature and a rolling or unsteady gait. It also encompasses actions related to stumbling or acting aggressively.

This root primarily relates to the concept of 'turning,' 'going around,' or 'rotating.' It extends to encompass ideas of dwelling, residing, and the passage of time. Derived meanings also include concepts of persuasion, negotiation, and the management of affairs, as well as geographical locations and specific types of goods or people associated with them.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a monastery, particularly a Christian one. It also extends to refer to circular formations in sand and, metaphorically, to a leader or chief.

The root ذبر (dhbr) primarily relates to the act of writing, inscribing, or recording. It extends to the meaning of reading, particularly in a subtle or hidden manner, and can also refer to the act of marking or pointing.

The root ذبر (dh-b-r) primarily relates to the concepts of reading, writing, understanding, and mastering knowledge. It extends to meanings of being firm, strong, or even angry, and can also refer to physical objects like mountains or well-formed books.

This root appears to be unused in classical Arabic literature. Lexicographical sources indicate no established meanings or derived forms.

This root primarily concerns the concept of storing, preserving, or setting aside something for future use. It extends to choosing, keeping, and accumulating provisions, as well as the idea of leaving a good legacy. It also encompasses specific botanical and geographical terms.

The root ذرر primarily relates to the act of taking something with fingertips and scattering it, or to dispersing and spreading things. It extends to concepts of smallness, like ants or dust motes, and also encompasses the creation and spreading of offspring. Additionally, it can refer to the appearance of light or the onset of growth.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of fear, terror, and fright. It describes the state of being afraid, causing fear in others, and the general feeling of panic or alarm. It also extends to related ideas like being startled, agitated, or even exhibiting irrational behavior due to fear or agitation.

This root appears to describe negative character traits, specifically focusing on ill temper, malice, and persistent hatred. The derived terms denote individuals who are unpleasant, resentful, and hold grudges.

This root primarily concerns strong or intense smells, both pleasant and unpleasant. It also extends to descriptions of physical characteristics, particularly those related to the head and neck, and can describe something as robust or abundant.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of blame, urging, and encouragement, often in a context of admonishment or incitement. It also extends to meanings related to protecting one's honor, family, and dependents, as well as bravery and fierceness. Additionally, it encompasses physical attributes and specific locations.