ذبح

Root entry · 22 derived lemmas

The root ذبح (d-b-ḥ) primarily concerns the act of slaughtering an animal by cutting the throat. It extends to the animal that has been slaughtered, the instrument used for slaughter, and metaphorically to destruction, peril, or severe throat ailments. The concept also encompasses the idea of cutting or splitting in a general sense.

Derived headwords

ذَبَحَverb

1.
to slaughterboth
To cut the throat of an animal, typically for food or sacrifice.
2.
to killclassical
Metaphorically, to cause destruction or ruin.
3.
to splitclassical
To cut or cleave something open.

الذَّبْحnoun

1.
slaughterboth
The act of slaughtering an animal.
2.
slaughtered animalboth
That which has been slaughtered; a sacrifice.
3.
destructionclassical
Metaphorical meaning of ruin or destruction.
4.
cuttingclassical
The act of splitting or cutting.

والذبح: مصدر ذبحت الشاة — And slaughter: the masdar of slaughtering the sheep.

مَذْبُوحadjective

1.
slaughteredboth
An animal that has been slaughtered.
2.
killedclassical
Metaphorically, destroyed or ruined.

فهو مذبوح وذبيح — So he is slaughtered and a sacrifice.

ذَبِيحadjective

1.
slaughteredboth
An animal that has been slaughtered, often used interchangeably with مذبوح.
2.
sacrificeclassical
An animal designated for sacrifice.

فهو مذبوح وذبيح — So he is slaughtered and a sacrifice.

وشاة ذبيحة، وذبيح من نعاج ذبحى وذباحى وذبائح — And a slaughtered sheep, and a ذبيح from ewes that are ذبحى, ذباحى, and ذبائح.

ذَبِيحَةnoun

1.
slaughtered animalboth
An animal that has been slaughtered, especially for food or sacrifice.
2.
sacrificeboth
An animal offered as a sacrifice.

والذبيحة: الشاة المذبوحة — And the ذبيحة: the slaughtered sheep.

فأعطاني من كل ذابحة زوجا — So he gave me a pair from every slaughtered animal.

ذُبْحَىnoun

1.
slaughtered animalsclassical
Plural form referring to slaughtered animals.

من قوم ذبحى وذباحى — From a people who are slaughtered.

ذَبَّاحَىnoun

1.
slaughtered animalsclassical
Plural form referring to slaughtered animals, similar to ذبحى.

من قوم ذبحى وذباحى — From a people who are slaughtered.

ذَبَائِحnoun

1.
slaughtered animalsboth
Plural of ذبيحة, referring to slaughtered animals.

وشاة ذبيحة، وذبيح من نعاج ذبحى وذباحى وذبائح — And a slaughtered sheep, and a ذبيح from ewes that are ذبحى, ذباحى, and ذبائح.

يَذْبَحُونverb

1.
they slaughterboth
They slaughter (plural, present tense). The doubled form implies multiplicity.

يذبحون أبناءكم — They slaughter your sons.

يُذَبِّحُونverb

1.
they slaughter (intensively)both
They slaughter (plural, present tense), with an intensified meaning suggesting frequent or numerous acts of slaughter.

يُذَبِّحُون أبناءكم — They slaughter your sons (with emphasis on multiplicity).

اذْبَحْverb

1.
slaughter!both
Imperative form, 'slaughter!'

اذْبَحُواverb

1.
take a sacrificeclassical
To take or prepare a slaughtered animal (sacrifice).

واذبح القوم: اتخذوا ذبيحة — And 'idhabaḥa al-qawm: they took a slaughtered animal.

ذَابِحَةnoun

1.
slaughtered animalclassical
That which is slaughtered, often referring to animals suitable for slaughter.

فأعطاني من كل ذابحة زوجا — So he gave me a pair from every slaughtered animal.

ذَبَائِحُ الْجِنِّnoun

1.
slaughter of jinnclassical
A sacrifice made out of superstition, fearing harm from jinn when settling in a new place or undertaking a project.

وذَبَائِحُ الْجِنِّ: أن يشتري الرجل الدار أو يستخرج ماء العين وما أشبهه فيذبح لها ذبيحة للطيرة — And the 'slaughter of jinn': is when a man buys a house or extracts water from a spring and the like, and slaughters an animal for it out of superstition.

مَذْبَحnoun

1.
slaughtering knifeboth
The instrument used for slaughtering, such as a knife or blade.
2.
place of slaughterboth
The location where an animal is slaughtered, specifically the throat area.

والمذبح: السكين — And the 'madhbaḥ': the knife.

والمذبح: موضع الذبح من الحلقوم — And the 'madhbaḥ': the place of slaughter in the throat.

ذَابِحnoun

1.
hair between gums and throatclassical
A type of hair that grows between the gums and the throat.

والذابح: شعر ينبت بين النصيل والمذبح — And the 'dhābiḥ': hair that grows between the gums and the throat.

ذَبَاحnoun

1.
throat painclassical
A severe pain in the throat, as if being strangled.
2.
killingclassical
The act of killing, regardless of the method.

والذباح والذبحة والذبحة: وجع الحلق كأنه يذبح — And the 'dhibāḥ', 'dhibḥah', and 'dhibḥah': throat pain as if being strangled.

ذِبْحَةnoun

1.
throat ailmentboth
A disease affecting the throat, which can be severe and potentially fatal.
2.
strangulation painclassical
Pain in the throat that feels like strangulation.

والذبحة، بفتح الباء، داء يأخذ في الحلق وربما قتل — And the 'dhibḥah', with fath al-ba', is a disease that affects the throat and may kill.

وفي الحديث: أن رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، كوى أسعد بن زرارة في حلقه من الذبحة — And in the hadith: that the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, cauterized Sa'd ibn Zurarah in his throat for the 'dhibḥah'.

ذِبْحَةnoun

1.
throat ailment (with sukun)classical
A disease affecting the throat, pronounced with sukun on the 'ba'.

والذبحة: وجع في الحلق — And the 'dhibḥah' (with sukun): pain in the throat.

ذَبْحnoun

1.
slaughtered animalclassical
That which is slaughtered, similar to 'madhbuḥ'.
2.
killingclassical
The act of killing.
3.
cuttingclassical
The act of splitting or cutting.

والذبح: المذبوح، هو بمنزلة الطحن بمعنى المطحون — And the 'dhibḥ': the slaughtered, it is like 'taḥn' meaning 'ground'.

ذَبَحَverb

1.
to splitclassical
To split or cleave something open, like a waterskin.

وربما قالوا: ذبحت الدن أي بزلته — And they might say: 'dhabaḥa al-dinn', meaning they split it open.

ذَبِيحnoun

1.
slaughtered animalclassical
An animal that has been slaughtered.

وسرب تطلى بالعبير كأنه ... دماء ظباء، بالنحور، ذبيح — And a herd anointed with perfume, as if they were ... the blood of gazelles, slaughtered at the throat.

Parallel reading

الذبح: قطع الحلقوم من باطن عند النصيل، وهو موضع الذبح من الحلق.

Slaughter: cutting the throat from the inside at the pharynx, which is the place of slaughter in the throat.

والذبح: مصدر ذبحت الشاة؛ يقال: ذبحه يذبحه ذبحا، فهو مذبوح وذبيح من قوم ذبحى وذباحى، وكذلك التيس والكبش من كباش ذبحى وذباحى.

And slaughter: the masdar of slaughtering the sheep; it is said: he slaughtered it, he slaughters it, a slaughter, so he is slaughtered and a sacrifice from a people who are ذبحى and ذباحى, and likewise the he-goat and the ram from rams that are ذبحى and ذباحى.

والذبيحة: الشاة المذبوحة.

And the ذبيحة: the slaughtered sheep.

وشاة ذبيحة، وذبيح من نعاج ذبحى وذباحى وذبائح، وكذلك الناقة، وإنما جاءت ذبيحة بالهاء لغلبة الاسم عليها؛

And a slaughtered sheep, and a ذبيح from ewes that are ذبحى, ذباحى, and ذبائح, and likewise the she-camel, and ذبيحة came with the ta' marbuta because the noun prevailed over the adjective;

فإن قلت: شاة ذبيح أو كبش ذبيح أو نعجة ذبيح لم تدخل فيه الهاء لأن فعيلا إذا كان نعتا في معنى مفعول يذكر، يقال: امرأة قتيل وكف خضيب؛

If you say: a slaughtered sheep, or a slaughtered ram, or a slaughtered ewe, the ta' marbuta is not included because 'fa'il' when it is an adjective in the meaning of a passive participle is masculine, e.g., a killed woman and a dyed hand;

وفي حديث القضاء: من ولي قاضيا «1» فكأنما ذبح بغير سكين ؛ معناه التحذير من طلب القضاء والحرص عليه أي من تصدى للقضاء وتولاه فقد تعرض للذبح فليحذره؛

And in the hadith of judgment: whoever becomes a judge is as if he were slaughtered without a knife; its meaning is a warning against seeking the position of judge and being eager for it, meaning whoever takes on the position of judge and assumes it has exposed himself to slaughter, so let him beware;

والذبح هاهنا مجاز عن الهلاك فإنه من أسرع أسبابه، وقوله: بغير سكين، يحتمل وجهين:

And slaughter here is a metaphor for destruction, as it is one of its quickest causes, and his saying: without a knife, admits of two interpretations:

أحدهما أن الذبح في العرف إنما يكون بالسكين، فعدل عنه ليعلم أن الذي أراد به ما يخاف عليه من هلاك دينه دون هلاك بدنه،

The first is that slaughter in custom is only done with a knife, so it was deviated from to make it known that what was intended by it is the peril to one's religion, not the destruction of one's body,

والثاني أن الذبح الذي يقع به راحة الذبيحة وخلاصها من الألم إنما يكون بالسكين، فإذا ذبح بغير السكين كان ذبحه تعذيبا له، فضرب به المثل ليكون أبلغ في الحذر وأشد في التوقي منه.

And the second is that the slaughter by which the slaughtered animal finds relief and freedom from pain is only done with a knife, so if it is slaughtered without a knife, its slaughter is torture for it, so a simile was made with it to be more eloquent in warning and stronger in cautioning against it.

وفي التنزيل: يذبحون أبناءكم* ؛ وقد قرئ: يذبحون أبناءكم؛ قال أبو إسحاق: القراءة المجتمع عليها بالتشديد، والتخفيف شاذ، والقراءة المجتمع عليها بالتشديد أبلغ لأن يذبحون للتكثير، ويذبحون يصلح أن يكون للقليل والكثير، ومعنى التكثير أبلغ.

And in the Quran: 'They slaughter your sons'; and it has been read: 'They slaughter your sons'; Abu Ishaq said: the agreed-upon reading is with shaddah, and the light reading is anomalous, and the agreed-upon reading with shaddah is more eloquent because 'yudhabbiḥūn' is for multiplicity, and 'yadhbaḥūn' is suitable for few and many, and the meaning of multiplicity is more eloquent.

وفي التنزيل: وفديناه بذبح عظيم ؛ يعني كبش إبراهيم، عليه السلام.

And in the Quran: 'And We redeemed him with a great sacrifice'; meaning the ram of Abraham, peace be upon him.

والذبح: اسم ما ذبح؛

And the 'dhibḥ': the name for what is slaughtered;

والذبح: المذبوح، هو بمنزلة الطحن بمعنى المطحون، والقطف بمعنى المقطوف؛

And the 'dhibḥ': the slaughtered, it is like 'taḥn' meaning 'ground', and 'qaṭf' meaning 'picked';

وفي حديث الضحية: فدعا بذبح فذبحه ؛ الذبح، بالكسر: ما يذبح من الأضاحي وغيرها من الحيوان، وبالفتح الفعل منه.

And in the hadith of the sacrifice: he called for a slaughtered animal and slaughtered it; 'al-dhibḥ', with kasr, is what is slaughtered from sacrifices and other animals, and with fath it is the verb.

وفي حديث أم زرع: فأعطاني من كل ذابحة زوجا ؛ هكذا في رواية أي أعطاني من كل ما يجوز ذبحه من الإبل والبقر والغنم وغيرها، وهي فاعلة بمعنى مفعولة، والرواية المشهورة بالراء والياء من الرواح.

And in the hadith of Umm Zar', 'So he gave me a pair from every slaughtered animal'; thus in one narration, meaning he gave me from every animal that is permissible to slaughter, from camels, cattle, sheep, and others, and it is an active participle in the meaning of a passive participle, and the famous narration is with ra' and ya' from 'al-rawāḥ'.

وذَبَائِحُ الْجِنِّ: أن يشتري الرجل الدار أو يستخرج ماء العين وما أشبهه فيذبح لها ذبيحة للطيرة؛

And 'slaughter of jinn': is when a man buys a house or extracts water from a spring and the like, and slaughters an animal for it out of superstition;

وفي الحديث: أنه، صلى الله عليه وسلم، نهى عن ذَبَائِحُ الْجِنِّ؛ كانوا إذا اشتروا دارا أو استخرجوا عينا أو بنوا بنيانا ذبحوا ذبيحة، مخافة أن تصيبهم الجن فأضيفت الذبائح إليهم لذلك ؛ معنى الحديث أنهم يتطيرون إلى هذا الفعل، مخافة أنهم إن لم يذبحوا أو يطعموا أن يصيبهم فيها شيء من الجن يؤذيهم، فأبطل النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، هذا ونهى عنه.

And in the hadith: that he, peace be upon him, forbade the 'slaughter of jinn'; when they bought a house or extracted a spring or built a structure, they would slaughter an animal, fearing that the jinn might afflict them, so the sacrifices were attributed to them for that reason; the meaning of the hadith is that they were superstitious about this act, fearing that if they did not slaughter or offer food, something from the jinn would afflict them and harm them, so the Prophet, peace be upon him, invalidated this and forbade it.

وفي الحديث: كل شيء في البحر مذبوح أي ذكي لا يحتاج إلى الذبح.

And in the hadith: everything in the sea is slaughtered, meaning it is lawful (dhaki) and does not need to be slaughtered.

وفي حديث أبي الدرداء: ذبح الخمر الملح والشمس والنينان ؛ النينان: جمع نون، وهي السمكة؛ قال ابن الأثير: هذه صفة مري يعمل في الشام، يؤخذ الخمر فيجعل فيه الملح والسمك ويوضع في الشمس، فتتغير الخمر إلى طعم المري، فتستحيل عن هيئتها كما تستحيل إلى الخلية؛ يقول: كما أن الميتة حرام والمذبوحة حلال فكذلك هذه الأشياء ذبحت الخمر فحلت، واستعار الذبح للإحلال.

And in the hadith of Abu al-Darda': the slaughter of wine is salt, sun, and fish; al-nīnan: plural of nūn, which is fish; Ibn al-Athir said: this is a description of a dish made in Sham, wine is taken and salt and fish are put into it and it is placed in the sun, so the wine changes to the taste of the dish, and it transforms from its state as it transforms into something lawful; he says: just as carrion is forbidden and slaughtered meat is lawful, so too these things have 'slaughtered' the wine, making it lawful, and he used the term 'slaughter' metaphorically for making lawful.

والذبح في الأصل: الشق.

And slaughter in origin: is splitting.

والمذبح: السكين؛ الأزهري: المذبح: ما يذبح به الذبيحة من شفرة وغيرها.

And the 'madhbaḥ': the knife; Al-Azhari said: the 'madhbaḥ': is what is used to slaughter the sacrificial animal, from a blade or otherwise.

والمذبح: موضع الذبح من الحلقوم.

And the 'madhbaḥ': the place of slaughter in the throat.

والذابح: شعر ينبت بين النصيل والمذبح.

And the 'dhābiḥ': hair that grows between the gums and the throat.

والذباح والذبحة والذبحة: وجع الحلق كأنه يذبح، ولم يعرف الذبحة بالتسكين «2» الذي عليه العامة.

And the 'dhibāḥ', 'dhibḥah', and 'dhibḥah': throat pain as if being strangled, and 'dhibḥah' with sukun, which is common, was not known.

الأزهري: الذبحة، بفتح الباء، داء يأخذ في الحلق وربما قتل؛ يقال أخذته الذبحة والذبحة.

Al-Azhari said: the 'dhibḥah', with fath al-ba', is a disease that affects the throat and may kill; it is said 'dhibḥah' and 'dhibḥah' afflicted him.

الأصمعي: الذبحة، بتسكين الباء: وجع في الحلق؛ وأما الذبح، فهو نبت أحمر.

Al-Asma'i said: the 'dhibḥah', with sukun al-ba', is pain in the throat; and as for 'al-dhabḥ', it is a red plant.

وفي الحديث: أن رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، كوى أسعد بن زرارة في حلقه من الذبحة [الذبحة]؛ وقال: لا أدع في نفسي حرجا من أسعد ؛ وكان أبو زيد يقول: الذبحة والذبحة لهذا الداء، ولم يعرفه بإسكان الباء؛

And in the hadith: that the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, cauterized Sa'd ibn Zurarah in his throat for the 'dhibḥah' [dhibḥah]; and he said: I will not leave any doubt in myself regarding Sa'd; and Abu Zayd used to say: 'dhibḥah' and 'dhibḥah' for this ailment, and he did not know it with sukun al-ba';

ويقال: كان ذلك مثل الذبحة على النحر؛ مثل يضرب للذي تخاله صديقا فإذا هو عدو ظاهر العداوة؛

And it is said: that was like the 'dhibḥah' on the neck; a simile is made for one whom you think is a friend, but he is an enemy openly hostile;

وقال ابن شميل: الذبحة قرحة تخرج في حلق الإنسان مثل الذئبة التي تأخذ الحمار؛

And Ibn Shumayl said: the 'dhibḥah' is an ulcer that appears in a person's throat like the mange that affects a donkey;

وفي الحديث: أنه عاد البراء بن معرور وأخذته الذبحة فأمر من لعطه بالنار ؛ الذبحة: وجع يأخذ في الحلق من الدم، وقيل: هي قرحة تظهر فيه فينسد معها وينقطع النفس فتقتل.

And in the hadith: he visited Al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur and the 'dhibḥah' afflicted him, so he ordered him to be cauterized with fire; the 'dhibḥah': is pain that affects the throat from blood, and it is said: it is an ulcer that appears in it, causing blockage and cessation of breath, leading to death.

والذباح: القتل أيا كان.

And the 'dhibāḥ': killing, whatever it may be.

والذبح: القتيل.

And the 'dhibḥ': the killed person.

والذبح: الشق. وكل ما شق، فقد ذبح؛

And the 'dhibḥ': splitting. And everything that is split has been 'slaughtered';

قال منظور بن مرثد الأسدي: يا حبذا جارية من عك ... تعقد المرط على مدك، شبه كثيب الرمل غير رك، ... كأن بين فكها والفك، فأرة مسك، ذبحت في سك أي فتقت، وقوله: غير رك، لأنه خال من الكثيب.

Manzur ibn Marthad Al-Asadi said: How lovely is a maiden from 'Akk ... who ties her cloak over your mound, resembling a sand dune not firm ... as if between her jaw and jaw, a musk rat, 'slaughtered' in a slit, meaning split open, and his saying: not firm, because it is devoid of dunes.

وربما قالوا: ذبحت الدن أي بزلته؛

And they might say: 'dhabaḥa al-dinn', meaning they split it open;

وأما قول أبي ذؤيب في صفة خمر: إذا فضت خواتمها وبجت، ... يقال لها: دم الودج الذبيح فإنه أراد المذبوح عنه أي المشقوق من أجله، هذا قول الفارسي؛

As for the saying of Abu Dhu'ayb in description of wine: When its seals are broken and it is opened, ... it is called: the blood of the slaughtered vein, he meant what is slaughtered for it, i.e., what is split for it, this is the saying of Al-Farisi;

وقول أبي ذؤيب أيضا: وسرب تطلى بالعبير كأنه ... دماء ظباء، بالنحور، ذبيح

And the saying of Abu Dhu'ayb also: And a herd anointed with perfume, as if they were ... the blood of gazelles, slaughtered at the throat.