Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

The root سحبل primarily denotes largeness, vastness, and abundance, often applied to physical dimensions like the belly, valleys, or containers. It can also refer to specific places or large, mature animals.

This root appears to relate to the act of rubbing, polishing, or smoothing something. It is noted as not being firmly established in classical Arabic lexicography.

The root سخل primarily relates to young, weak, or immature offspring, particularly of sheep and goats. It extends to concepts of weakness, inferiority, and immaturity in humans and even in fruits and dates. It can also denote something taken stealthily or a place name.

This entry discusses the word 'sarawil' (trousers), which is identified as a Persian loanword adapted into Arabic. It explores its grammatical treatment, including gender, number, and declension, and mentions related terms for wearing or being adorned with trousers.

This root appears to be related to a specific proper noun, 'Israel', and its purported origin or meaning as described in a narrative context. It focuses on the act of claiming or asserting something, possibly related to a divine or royal designation.

This root primarily concerns garments, particularly shirts and armor, and the act of wearing or clothing someone in them. It also extends to a rich, fatty stew.

This root describes something long and perhaps unsteady or disordered in its form or movement. It is primarily used to describe a tall, lanky person with an awkward gait.

This root appears to be related to proper names, specifically angelic or royal titles. The entry discusses variations in the spelling and pronunciation of these names, suggesting potential etymological origins or linguistic debates surrounding them.

This root primarily relates to containers, specifically buckets or basins, often made of metal. It also extends to describe dust or elevated dust clouds.

This root primarily relates to coughing, expelling something from the chest, and by extension, to being active, energetic, or nimble. It also extends to metaphorical meanings of evil spirits and deceptive beings.

This root primarily describes weakness, emaciation, and poor physical condition, often applied to people or animals. It also extends to encompass poor nourishment and bad disposition.

This root primarily relates to making something rich, oily, or fatty, particularly food. It can also extend to the idea of something being smooth or easy, possibly due to being well-oiled or prepared.

This root primarily denotes the concept of being low, below, or inferior, contrasting with 'high' or 'elevated'. It encompasses physical lowness, social degradation, and a general sense of inferiority.

This root primarily relates to polishing, sharpening, and refining, often applied to swords. It also extends to meanings of the flank or side, and a specific type of hand deformity.

The root 'سلل' primarily relates to drawing out, extracting, or emerging. It encompasses concepts like illness, the drawing of swords, the physical state of animals, and specific geographical or tribal names.

This root primarily describes the quality of being smooth, easy, and flowing, particularly in relation to water, but also extending to other liquids like wine, and even abstract concepts like connection and continuity. It also encompasses physical manifestations of this smoothness, such as chains and flowing patterns.

The root سمل primarily relates to the concept of being old, worn out, or dilapidated, especially concerning clothing. It also extends to meanings of remnants, scarcity, and the act of mending or reforming, as well as the physical act of blinding or plucking out eyes.

This root primarily relates to the concept of shade, its presence, and its recession. It also encompasses names of people and a type of bird, with some derived terms indicating leanness or tallness.

This root appears to describe things that are long, swift, or possess extraordinary qualities, particularly related to mythical creatures or exceptional animals. It also touches upon the concept of rejuvenation.

This root primarily relates to the ear of grain, its growth, and its appearance. It extends to describe things that are long, trailing, or abundant, and also refers to a constellation and a type of perfume. It can also denote a specific place or a person's name.

This root appears to be primarily associated with place names and a specific state of being, particularly related to fullness and liveliness. It is not a widely used root in modern Arabic, with its primary occurrences being in classical texts and geographical references.

This root primarily relates to footwear, specifically socks or stockings worn with sandals or boots. It also extends to a specific type of bird.

This root primarily describes a way of walking characterized by swaying, drooping the head and neck, and a lack of self-control. It also extends to descriptions of physical attributes like a large belly and tall stature, and even a geographical feature.

This root primarily concerns the concept of ease, smoothness, and gentleness, contrasting with hardship and roughness. It extends to describe terrain, disposition, and actions that are easy or facilitated. It also includes specific astronomical and geological terms.

This root primarily relates to the concept of boldness, courage, and daring. It describes individuals who are brave, audacious, and not easily deterred. The terms often carry a connotation of forwardness and assertiveness.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of beautifying, embellishing, and making something appealing to the self or to others, often leading to temptation or desire. It also extends to meanings related to physical looseness or slackness, and a dialectal or classical usage for 'to ask'.

This root primarily concerns the concept of flowing, especially of water. It encompasses the act of flowing, causing something to flow, and the resulting flow itself. It also extends to metaphorical uses related to intense situations and physical descriptions.

The root شبل primarily relates to young lions and, by extension, to nurturing, caring for, and growing up, especially in a state of prosperity. It also extends to concepts of affection, compassion, and support.

This root describes something that is thick, coarse, and bulky, particularly referring to fingers, toes, hands, or feet. It can also denote a type of plant or a specific measure.

This root primarily concerns the act of filtering or straining liquids, and by extension, the act of milking. It also extends to the concept of friendship, particularly between a young man and an older one.

This root entry primarily discusses proper names, specifically male given names, and their etymological origins and grammatical treatment in classical Arabic. It delves into linguistic debates regarding their declension and potential foreign origins.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being tall or a tall person. It is primarily used in classical texts to describe physical stature.

This root, primarily of non-Arabic origin, refers to the act of weighing or calibrating coins, particularly dinars. It was used by money changers in Iraq and is associated with assessing the quality of poetry.

This root appears to relate to eating a specific type of plant. The primary derived terms describe the act of eating and the plant itself.

The root شعل primarily relates to brightness, flames, and spreading or scattering. It describes the white markings on a horse, the ignition and burning of fire, and the rapid, widespread movement of armies or locusts. It can also denote intensity, such as anger or graying hair.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being occupied, busy, or engaged with something. It extends to the idea of distraction, hindrance, and the state of being employed or busy. It also encompasses the meaning of a place where things are stored or gathered.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of plant and the act of consuming it. It describes a thorny plant with cotton-like seeds and the action of eating this plant.

This root appears to be a rare or obscure one, possibly related to a specific tribal or regional designation. Its primary mention is as a noun, with a reference to its use by a scholar from the Azd tribe.

This root appears to be primarily used to denote a specific proper name, particularly that of a narrator associated with the poet Al-Farazdaq. Its semantic range is extremely limited, focusing on this single named entity.

The root شقل (sh-q-l) primarily relates to concepts of weighing, measuring, and taking hold of something. It extends to metaphorical meanings of sexual intercourse and acquiring dignity or gravitas.

The root 'شكل' primarily relates to form, shape, and appearance, often with connotations of deviation, crookedness, or being unusual. It extends to concepts of plants, specific types of vegetation, and even tribal or personal names.

The root شلل primarily relates to paralysis, immobility, and the loss of function, particularly in the hand. It extends to meanings of being slow, sluggish, or scattered, and also encompasses terms for specific types of coverings or cloths.

The root شمل (sh-m-l) primarily relates to encompassing, covering, gathering, and uniting. It extends to concepts of comprehensiveness, generality, and also to specific items like cloaks, swords, and even the north wind. The root also encompasses notions of character, disposition, and the state of being together.

This root appears to be rare and primarily refers to a large animal, specifically an elephant. Its usage is limited and primarily found in classical lexicographical sources.

This root pertains to a piece of meat that contains fat. It describes a specific quality of meat, emphasizing its fatty composition.