Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

The root رسل primarily relates to sending, releasing, letting loose, and delegation. It extends to concepts of flowing, abundant milk, and also describes certain types of women and animals, as well as specific anatomical parts.

The root رطل primarily relates to the concept of weighing and measuring, specifically a unit of weight. It extends to describe qualities of being soft, relaxed, weak, or immature, both for people and animals. It also encompasses the act of styling or softening hair.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of being large, bulky, or massive, often in a negative or unrefined sense. It also extends to meanings of tearing, shredding, and becoming worn out, particularly concerning clothing. Additionally, it can describe a state of being unrefined or foolish.

This root primarily relates to the concept of suckling, particularly by young animals, and by extension, to being uncircumcised. It also extends to meanings of abundance, softness, straying, and a specific type of plant.

The root رفل (rafa-la) primarily relates to dragging, trailing, or extending something, often associated with garments or tails. It also encompasses concepts of swaggering, pride, and sometimes clumsiness or foolishness, extending to descriptions of size and abundance.

This root primarily relates to the concept of speed and swiftness, particularly in the gait of animals like camels and horses. It also extends to describing tall, out-of-reach date palms and, metaphorically, to rapid movement towards danger or a task.

This root primarily concerns the action of kicking, whether by a horse or a human. It extends to related concepts like running, striking with the leg, and specific anatomical or geographical locations associated with kicking.

The root رمل primarily relates to sand and sandy earth, but extends metaphorically to concepts of lightness, thinness, and patterned decoration. It also encompasses a specific type of quick, light gait, and a poetic meter. Furthermore, it denotes a state of destitution or lack of provisions.

This root primarily relates to sand, particularly fine or loose sand, and by extension, to things that are sandy or resemble sand. It can also refer to a type of small, swift creature or a specific gait.

This root primarily describes the act of flowing, dripping, or running, often with a sense of continuity or abundance. It is applied to liquids like tears and saliva, as well as to the fat of cooked meat. It can also metaphorically describe rapid movement or a sudden outburst.

This root appears to describe states of wetness, moisture, and fluidity. It also extends to the condition of leather after tanning, implying a transformation related to moisture or preservation.

This root primarily describes states of looseness, flabbiness, and swelling, often associated with weakness or excess. It can refer to physical conditions like soft flesh or a swollen appearance, as well as more abstract concepts like relaxation or a state of being sluggish.

This root appears to describe a specific manner of walking or movement. The primary derived term relates to a particular gait.

This root primarily describes a type of bird and, metaphorically, a foolish or weak person. The bird is characterized by its size and appearance relative to other birds.

This root primarily concerns saliva, foam, and specifically refers to an extra tooth in animals, particularly horses. It describes the flowing nature of saliva and the appearance of these abnormal teeth.

This root primarily discusses the concept of something extra, superfluous, or abnormal, particularly in the context of teeth, saliva, and bodily functions. It also extends to meanings related to lubrication, slackness, and weak or useless parts.

This root primarily relates to the concept of shyness, bashfulness, and a reluctance to engage or act due to modesty or timidity. It describes a state of being hesitant or withdrawn.

This root primarily relates to weakness, feebleness, and a lack of strength or vitality. It can describe a physically weak person or animal, and by extension, something that is feeble or ineffective.

The root Z-B-L primarily relates to dung, refuse, and things associated with it, such as fertilizing land or places where refuse is collected. It also extends to meanings of carrying, bearing, and small amounts of things, as well as containers.

The root زحل (z-h-l) primarily denotes the concept of moving away, receding, or being displaced from a position. It encompasses physical movement, such as slipping or stepping back, as well as metaphorical removal or delay. The root also extends to describe a slow or hesitant pace and is famously associated with the planet Saturn.

This root pertains to the act of causing something to fall or tumble down, particularly into a deep place like a well or from a height like a mountain.

The root زعل primarily relates to a state of being active, energetic, or lively, often associated with good health or vigor. It can also describe a state of hunger-induced distress or a specific type of camel behavior. The root encompasses terms for activity, liveliness, and sometimes a restless or agitated state.

The root زعبل primarily describes a child or person with a swollen belly and thin neck, often due to poor nourishment. It extends to describe a poorly nourished or emaciated individual, and metaphorically to a foolish or incompetent person. The root also encompasses related concepts like a small rope or a specific type of bucket.

The root زغل primarily relates to the act of pouring or ejecting liquid in a forceful, sudden manner. It also extends to concepts of forceful expulsion, feeding young, and metaphorically, to light or quick-moving individuals and children.

The root زغفل appears to relate to the concept of fine, soft hair or down, particularly on animals or textiles. It describes a state of being covered in this material, or the material itself.

This root primarily relates to groups of people or animals, often implying a large gathering or multitude. It can also extend to concepts of lightness or speed, and appears in proper names.

This root primarily relates to the act of loosening or letting down, specifically concerning headwear like a turban. It also has a derived term referring to a specific group of people.

The root زقفل (z-q-f-l) primarily relates to the concept of slipping, sliding, or falling, often due to instability or precariousness. It extends to meanings of error, sin, and deviation from the right path. Additionally, it encompasses notions of swift movement, loss, and the passage of time, as well as physical characteristics like lightness or weakness.

This root primarily relates to the state of water, particularly its purity and its movement or melting. It describes clear water and the process of rain falling or snow melting and flowing.

This root primarily relates to a type of basket and, by extension, to a short or stout man. It also includes a variant spelling for the basket.

This root primarily deals with terms related to strength, size, and a specific aromatic plant or spice. It also includes a term for an elephant and a potential name for a type of wine or its source.

This root primarily describes a heavy, swaying, or dragging gait, often implying being burdened or perhaps dancing in a specific manner. It also appears as a proper name and is associated with a cunning or astute individual.

This root appears to describe something short, stout, or squat. It is primarily used as an adjective to denote a person or thing of small stature.

This root primarily relates to smoothness, slipperiness, and a state of being unhindered or unburdened. It extends to concepts of distance from evil, calmness of heart, and even specific geographical or zoological references.

This root primarily concerns the act of asking, requesting, or inquiring. It encompasses seeking information, demanding something, or begging for a need. The derived terms cover the act of asking, the thing asked for, and the person who asks.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a path, way, or road. It extends to encompass the idea of a course of action, a method, or a means, particularly in the context of divine guidance or a righteous path.

This root appears to relate to a type of legume or pulse. The primary meaning is a specific kind of bean.

This root primarily describes largeness, vastness, and impressiveness, often applied to animals like camels and lizards, but also to containers and even people. It can also denote a specific religious utterance.

This root appears to be related to a specific, possibly mythical, creature or object, with limited derived forms in classical Arabic lexicography. The primary entry describes a bird with unusual properties.

This root appears to describe something that is empty, vacant, or perhaps large and sprawling. The primary derived term relates to a man who is empty-handed or idle.

This root primarily relates to the concept of saturation, immersion, and abundance, particularly with liquids or oils. It extends to descriptions of things being copious, flowing, or well-fed, and metaphorically to being empty or lacking.

This root primarily describes a state of emptiness, idleness, or coming without anything. It extends to meanings of being lost, aimless, or even boastful and proud in one's gait.

This root primarily describes the concept of sequential movement, emerging one after another, often in a continuous flow. It also extends to narrow paths where such movement occurs and to a specific large bird of prey known for its hunting method.