Taj al-Arus (Zabidi, d. 1205H)

This root primarily describes camels, specifically female camels (nāqah), characterized by their strength, hardness, and sometimes speed. It can also refer to a harsh or stern disposition.

The root 'abqara' primarily relates to a mythical land inhabited by jinn, from which derives the meaning of excellence, rarity, and superiority. It also extends to descriptions of people, objects, and even abstract concepts like falsehood, all characterized by exceptional quality or intensity.

This root primarily describes fullness, intensity, and abundance, often related to physical size, emotions like anger, or the beauty and fragrance of plants. It can also denote specific types of flowers or qualities of a person's appearance and physique.

The root 'atr' primarily relates to concepts of intensity, firmness, and uprightness, extending to physical objects like spears and even abstract ideas like strength. It also encompasses meanings related to slaughter, specific plants, idols, and familial or tribal connections.

This root primarily concerns the concept of stumbling, falling, or encountering something unexpectedly. It extends to meanings of encountering misfortune, discovering something hidden, and also refers to specific geographical locations and types of terrain.

This root appears to be related to specific, possibly obscure, terms. It includes a description of a type of grape and a place name, with some discussion about the etymology of the latter.

The root عجر primarily relates to concepts of thickness, swelling, and firmness, particularly concerning the body and its parts. It extends to meanings of stubbornness, hardship, and even hidden flaws or sorrows.

This root appears to relate to harshness, rudeness, and coarseness in disposition and physique. It also includes a proper name derived from this concept.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, intensity, and sometimes deception or unusual phenomena. It encompasses heavy rain, courage, and even mythical creatures.

This root appears to be related to the concept of speed and swiftness, particularly when applied to a she-camel. It is a rare root with limited attestations.

This root primarily concerns the concept of having an excuse, offering an excuse, or accepting an excuse. It extends to meanings of making amends, excusing oneself, and by extension, falling short or being negligent when an excuse is lacking.

This root primarily describes intensity, strength, and greatness, often applied to powerful animals like lions and strong camels. It can also denote anger and is used for specific names of celestial bodies and individuals.

This root appears to be related to descriptions of places, specifically denoting a broad, expansive, or wide area. It is also associated with a type of fruit, the quince.

This root primarily relates to concepts of disgrace, shame, and unpleasantness, often associated with social standing or difficult circumstances. It also extends to meanings of encountering or finding something, particularly in a challenging or unexpected way, and can refer to specific physical attributes or locations.

The root ع ز ر primarily relates to concepts of blame, reprimand, and prohibition. It extends to meanings of support, strengthening, and honor, often in a protective or reinforcing capacity. The root also encompasses terms for specific punishments, plants, and geographical locations.

This root primarily relates to concepts of honor, might, and support. It also encompasses names of people and places, often derived from these core meanings.

This root primarily concerns difficulty, hardship, and adversity, contrasting with ease and prosperity. It extends to concepts of being difficult, stingy, or left-handed, and also encompasses terms related to childbirth difficulties and specific types of camels or birds.

This root primarily deals with difficulty, hardship, and constraint. It extends to concepts of taking something forcefully, being unwilling or stubborn, and also encompasses specific terms related to a historical event, a type of game, and geographical locations.

This root primarily deals with terms for young animals, specifically the offspring of canids and wildcats, and also describes swift, fast-moving animals, particularly camels and horses.

This root appears to relate to concepts of hardness, strength, and potentially negative qualities like wickedness or cunning. It is primarily used to describe a strong, resilient she-camel, but also extends to abstract notions of malice and is used metaphorically for a cunning or wicked creature.

This root primarily relates to intense looking, speed, and continuous movement. It also extends to meanings of salting, a type of salt, and a place name. Some derived forms are associated with cunning and malice.

This root appears to relate to concepts of endurance, patience, and steadfastness, particularly in the context of enduring hardship or difficult circumstances. It is associated with qualities of resilience and fortitude.

This root primarily concerns the concept of gathering, assembling, or forming a large group, most notably an army. It extends to encompass large collections of possessions, hardship, and specific geographical locations associated with military encampments or large gatherings.

This root primarily concerns the number ten and related concepts of counting, division, and association. It extends to terms for companionship, the tenth day of the month (especially Muharram), and specific agricultural or animal husbandry terms related to cycles of ten.

This root primarily concerns the number ten and related concepts like multiples of ten, or things occurring in groups of ten. It also extends to terms for specific locations, tribes, animals, and even abstract concepts like 'taking a tenth' or 'being ten years old'.

This root primarily describes something or someone as strong, robust, and of imposing physique. It extends to qualities of harshness or bad temper, and can also refer to difficult or arduous journeys.

The root ع ص ف ر primarily relates to the color yellow, specifically the safflower plant used for dyeing. It extends to describe things that are yellow or dyed with safflower, and metaphorically to concepts like speed or rebellion. The root also encompasses a bird known as the sparrow, and various objects or parts of objects that share a resemblance to a sparrow or are named after it.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of container, likely a bucket or a water-lifting device. It also seems to have a variant form.

This root appears to describe things that are large, robust, and strong. It is applied to physical objects like rocks and tools, as well as animals, particularly in their powerful or formidable state.

This root appears to relate to concepts of prohibition, prevention, and perhaps secrecy or withholding. It also has associations with specific places or tribes, and the act of revealing information.

This root appears to relate to concepts of stinginess, tightness, and potentially a specific type of cabinet or storage unit. The derived terms describe a miserly person and a piece of furniture.

This root primarily concerns pleasant fragrances, perfumes, and the act of applying them. It extends to describe people or animals associated with good scent, and metaphorically to concepts like beauty, desirability, or even a state of being unoccupied.

This root primarily relates to concepts of neglect, dislike, and fullness, particularly concerning liquids and physical states. It also extends to descriptions of people and animals, and even geographical locations.

This root primarily relates to covering, concealing, or being hidden. It also extends to concepts of dust, earth, and things being obscured or unknown. Derived terms often refer to places, personal names, or historical figures associated with these meanings.

This root appears to primarily denote speed, swiftness, and rapid movement. It also extends to concepts of loudness or clamor, particularly in a negative or vain context. Additionally, it is used as a proper name for individuals and a horse.

This root primarily concerns infertility, both in humans and animals, referring to the inability to conceive or bear offspring. It extends to concepts of barrenness, sterility, and the cutting or severing of limbs, particularly in animals. Metaphorically, it can describe things that are unproductive, stagnant, or have failed to yield results.

This root appears to relate to diminutives and small, undesirable creatures. The primary lemma discussed is a diminutive form referring to an animal considered unappetizing.

This root appears to relate to severe misfortune, calamity, and the harshness or cunning associated with it. It also extends to descriptions of aged animals and aggressive or wicked individuals.