ع ش ر

Root entry · 27 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the number ten and related concepts of counting, division, and association. It extends to terms for companionship, the tenth day of the month (especially Muharram), and specific agricultural or animal husbandry terms related to cycles of ten.

Derived headwords

العشرةnoun

1.
tenboth
The number ten, often referring to the first of decades or groups of ten.
2.
companionshipclassical
Living together or close association.

عشرnoun

1.
tenboth
The numeral ten.
2.
one-tenthboth
A tenth part of something.

عشرverb

1.
to take one from tenclassical
To take one part out of ten.
2.
to add one to nineclassical
To reach the number ten by adding one to nine.

يعشرverb

1.
to be the tenthclassical
To be the tenth in a sequence or group.
2.
to complete a group of tenclassical
To be the tenth person, thus completing a group of ten.

عشراnoun

1.
tenth partboth
A tenth of something, often referring to wealth or produce.

عشاريadjective

1.
ten cubits longclassical
Describing a garment that is ten cubits in length.

العاشوراءname

1.
Ashuraboth
The tenth day of the month of Muharram, a significant day in Islamic tradition.

العاشورname

1.
tenth of Muharramclassical
The tenth day of Muharram.

العشرونnoun

1.
twentyboth
The number twenty, formed by combining ten with itself.

عشرنهverb

1.
to make it twentyclassical
To cause something to reach the number twenty.

العشيرnoun

1.
companionboth
A close friend or associate.
2.
husbandclassical
A woman's husband, due to the intimacy and shared life.
3.
tax collectorclassical
One who collects the tenth part (tithe or tax).
4.
jackalclassical
A type of wild dog.

المعشارnoun

1.
one-tenthboth
A tenth part of something.

عشورnoun

1.
tenthsboth
Plural of 'ashr', referring to tenths or fractions.

أعشارnoun

1.
tenthsboth
Plural of 'ashr', referring to tenths or fractions.

أعشراءnoun

1.
companionsclassical
Plural of 'ashir', meaning companions or close associates.

عشرهمverb

1.
to take their tenthclassical
To collect a tenth of their wealth or property.
2.
to be their tenthclassical
To be the tenth person in their group, completing them.

تعشيراnoun

1.
collecting a tenthclassical
The act of taking a tenth of someone's wealth or property.

العشارnoun

1.
tax collectorclassical
One who collects the tenth part (tithe or tax).

العاشرnoun

1.
tax collectorclassical
One who collects the tenth part (tithe or tax).

عشارnoun

1.
tax collectorclassical
One who collects the tenth part (tithe or tax).

عشرهverb

1.
to take its tenthclassical
To take a tenth of something.

عاشرverb

1.
to be the tenthclassical
To be the tenth in a sequence or group.

عاشرnoun

1.
tax collectorclassical
One who collects the tenth part (tithe or tax).

عشرهnoun

1.
tenth day of camel's wateringclassical
The tenth day of a camel's watering cycle, or the period between waterings.

عواشرnoun

1.
camels that water every tenth dayclassical
Camels that are watered on a ten-day cycle.

عشرانnoun

1.
twenty days of thirstclassical
A period of twenty days of thirst for camels, or the cycle related to it.

عشريadjective

1.
decimalmodern
Relating to the number ten or a system based on ten.

Parallel reading

أول العقود

the first of the decades

عشر نسوة

ten women

عشرة رجال

ten men

عشرون رجلا

twenty men

عشرون امرأة

twenty women

وما كان من الثلاثة إلى العشرة فالهاء تلحقه فيما واحده مذكر

And what is from three to ten, the 'ha' is attached to it when its singular is masculine

فإذا جاوزت العشرة أنثت المذكر وذكرت المؤنث

And when you exceed ten, you feminize the masculine and masculinize the feminine

فإذا صرت إلى المؤنث ألحقت الهاء في العجز وحذفتها من الصدر

And when you come to the feminine, you attach the 'ha' at the end and remove it from the beginning

فانفجرت منه اثنتا عشرة عينا

And twelve springs burst forth from it

قال ابن جنى: ووجه ذلك أن ألفاظ العدد تغير كثيرا في حد التركيب

Ibn Jinni said: And the reason for that is that the words for numbers change a lot in composition

ثلاثون، فما بعدها من العقود إلى التسعين

Thirty, and what follows of the decades up to ninety

تقول: إحدى عشرة امرأة، بكسر الشين

You say: eleven women, with a kasra on the 'shin'

والكسر لأهل نجد، والتسكين لأهل الحجاز

And the kasra is for the people of Najd, and the sukun is for the people of Hijaz

والعدد منصوب ما بين أحد عشر إلى تسعة عشر

And the number is accusative between eleven and nineteen

عشر يعشر عشرا: أخذ واحدا من عشرة

He took one from ten.

أو عشر يعشر: زاد واحدا على تسعة

Or he added one to nine.

عشر القوم يعشرهم، بالكسر، عشرا: صار عاشرهم

He became their tenth, completing them to ten.

وثوب عشاري، بالضم: طوله عشرة أذرع

And a garment 'ushari', with damma: its length is ten cubits.

والعاشوراء، قال شيخنا: قلت: المعروف تجرده من ال والعشوراء، ممدودان ويقصران

And Al-Ashura', our shaykh said: I say: What is known is its stripping of 'Al' and 'Al-'ushuraa'', both are lengthened and can be shortened.

والعشرون، بالكسر: عشرتان

And Al-'ishroon, with a kasra: two tens.

فإذا أضفت أسقطت النون، قلت: هذه عشروك وعشري

And when you add, you drop the 'nun', you say: this is your twenty and my twenty.

والعشير: جزء من عشرة أجزاء، كالمعشار

And Al-'ushir: a part of ten parts, like Al-mi'shar.

والعشر، بالضم، والعشير والعشر واحد

And Al-'ushr, with damma, and Al-'ushir and Al-'ishr are one.

وفي الحديث: تسعة أعشراء الرزق في التجارة

And in the hadith: Nine tenths of sustenance are in trade.

والعشير: القريب، والصديق

And Al-'ushir: the relative, the friend.

وعشير المرأة: الزوج لأنه يعاشرها وتعاشره

And the 'ushir of a woman: the husband because he lives with her and she lives with him.

وبه فسر الحديث: لأنهن يكثرن اللعن ويكفرن العشير

And with this the hadith is interpreted: because they (women) 많이 curse and deny the kindness of their husbands.

والعشير: المعاشر، كالصديق والمصادق

And Al-'ushir: the companion, like the friend and the confidant.

وبه فسر قوله تعالى: لبئس المولى ولبئس العشير

And with this His saying is interpreted: What an excellent master, and what an excellent companion.

والعشير في حساب مساحة الأرض وفي بعض الأصول: الأرضين: عشر القفيز

And Al-'ushir in the calculation of land area and in some sources: lands: one-tenth of a Qafiz.

والعشير: صوت الضبع

And Al-'ushir: the sound of the hyena.

عشرهم يعشرهم، مقتضى اصطلاحه أن يكون من حد كتب، كما تقدم آنفا، عشرا، بالفتح على الصواب

He collected their tenth, it is from the form 'kataba', as previously mentioned, 'ashran', with a fatha, which is correct.

وعشرهم تعشيرا: أخذ عشر أموالهم

And he collected their tenth: taking a tenth of their wealth.

والعشر: أخذك واحدا من عشرة

And Al-'ishr: your taking one out of ten.

وقد عشره

And he took its tenth.

وعشرهم عشرا: أخذ عشر أموالم

And he collected their tenth: taking a tenth of their wealth.

وعشرهم يعشرهم: كان عاشرهم أو كملهم عشرة بنفسه

And he was their tenth: he was their tenth or completed them to ten by himself.

والعشار قابضه، وكذلك العاشر

And Al-'ashshar is the one who collects it, and so is Al-'aashir.

تالله إن كانت إلا أثيابا في أسيفاط قبضها عشاروك

By God, they were nothing but garments in a bag that your tax collectors seized.

إن لقيتم عاشرا فاقتلوه

If you meet a tax collector, kill him.

أي إن وجدتم من يأخذ العشر على ما كان يأخذه أهل الجاهلية مقيما على دينه فاقتلوه

Meaning, if you find someone who takes the tenth as the people of ignorance used to take it, adhering to his religion, then kill him.

فأما من يعشرهم على ما فرض الله سبحانه وتعالى فحسن جميل

But as for one who collects the tenth from them as Allah Almighty has ordained, it is good and beautiful.

وقد عشر جماعة من الصحابة للنبي والخلفاء بعده

And a group of the companions collected the tenth for the Prophet and the Caliphs after him.

فلا يخفى أن في قوله: عشرهم يعشرهم، إلى آخره، مع ماسبق

And it is not hidden that in his saying: 'he collected their tenth', and so on, with what preceded.

والعشر: ورد الإبل اليوم العاشر

And Al-'ishr: the watering of camels on the tenth day.

أو العشر في حساب العرب اليوم التاسع

Or Al-'ishr in the reckoning of the Arabs is the ninth day.

وذلك أنهم يحبسونها عن الماء تسع ليال وثمانية أيام، ثم تورد في اليوم التاسع، وهو اليوم العاشر من الورد الأول

And that is because they keep them from water for nine nights and eight days, then they are brought to water on the ninth day, which is the tenth day from the first watering.

وفي حسابهم: العشر: التاسع

And in their reckoning: Al-'ishr: the ninth.

فإذا جاوزوها بمثلها فظمؤها عشران

And when they exceed it by its like, their thirst is twenty (days).

والإبل في كل ذلك عواشر، أي ترد الماء عشرا

And the camels in all of that are 'awaashir, meaning they water every ten days.

فإذا وردت يوم العشرين قيل: ظمؤها عشران

And when they water on the twentieth day, it is said: their thirst is twenty.

وهو ثمانية عشر يوما، وبقي يومان من الثالث فأقاموهما مقام عشر

And that is eighteen days, and two days remained from the third, so they established them in place of ten.

والعشر: آخر الأظماء

And Al-'ishr: the last of the thirst periods.

أرادوا عشرا وعشرا وبعض عشر ثالث

They intended ten, and ten, and part of a third ten.

فلما جاء البعض جعلوها ثلاثة أعشار فجمعوا

And when the part came, they made it three tenths and pluralized it.

وذلك أن الإبل تضرعى ستة أيام، وتقرب يومين، وترد في التاسع

And that is because the camels are thirsty for six days, and approach for two days, and are watered on the ninth.

وكذا العشر الثاني فهما ثمانية عشر يوما

And so is the second ten, so they are eighteen days.

فلما كان من العشر الثالث يومان جمعته بالعشرين

And when there were two days from the third ten, he combined it with twenty.