Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the state of being full, satisfied, or satiated, particularly after eating. It extends to concepts of abundance, excess, and metaphorically, to being weary or fed up with something. It also touches upon the idea of appearing more than one actually is.

This root appears to be related to scorpions and possibly other crawling creatures. It is primarily used in classical Arabic to denote specific types of scorpions.

This root primarily concerns courage, bravery, and boldness, particularly in the face of danger. It extends to descriptions of swiftness in animals, specific tribal names, and even a type of snake. The root also encompasses the act of encouraging someone or making them feel brave, and the act of feigning or assuming courage.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of pathways, access, and divine legislation. It extends to the act of opening or making something accessible, whether a physical path or a religious law.

This root primarily concerns the concept of refusal, abstention, and unwillingness. It extends to the idea of being forbidden or sacred, and also to the act of being wide open or accessible, particularly in relation to water.

This root appears to relate to concepts of length, elongation, and possibly a funeral procession. It describes something that is long or extended, and also refers to a bier or coffin.

The root شسع primarily relates to the strap or thong of a sandal, particularly the part that connects to the sole and the ankle strap. It also extends metaphorically to concepts of distance and diligent management of wealth.

This root primarily relates to spreading, radiating, and dispersing, often associated with light, liquids, and abstract concepts like intentions or focus. It also extends to descriptions of things that are scattered or not dense, and metaphorically to being tall or dispersed.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pairing, joining, or interceding. It covers the opposite of odd numbers, the act of interceding on behalf of someone, and the right to claim a property that has been sold. It also extends to a mother animal with a young one and a specific type of milking cow.

This root primarily relates to a specific medicinal plant and its use. It also extends to meanings of pain, anger, and causing distress or annoyance.

This root primarily concerns the concept of light and illumination, specifically related to candles and lamps. It also extends to meanings of playfulness, jesting, and sometimes implies a playful or flirtatious demeanor.

This root primarily concerns things that are ugly, repulsive, or offensive. It extends to concepts of severity, intensity, and vigorous action, particularly in movement and warfare.

This root primarily relates to specific types of trees and plants, particularly the Ban tree. It also extends to describe a sequential relationship between offspring, specifically a child born after another without any in between.

The root شيع primarily relates to spreading, following, and accompanying. It encompasses concepts of news dissemination, group affiliation, and the act of supporting or trailing someone or something.

This root primarily relates to the finger and the act of pointing or indicating with it. It extends to meanings of leaving a mark, influence, or a sign of care and attention.

This root describes a stiff, twisted, or crooked condition, particularly related to the neck of a bird, and by extension, a stubborn or thick-headed person.

The root صدع (ṣadaʿa) primarily relates to the concept of splitting, cracking, or breaking apart. It extends to meanings of revealing, making clear, and separating. Figuratively, it can refer to the dawn, a division in opinion, or a headache.

The root صرع primarily relates to the act of causing someone to fall or be overcome, often in a physical struggle. It extends to meanings of being overcome by illness, the intensity of time, or even in poetic contexts. The root also encompasses concepts of duality and division, like the halves of a door.

This root primarily relates to the concept of scattering, dispersing, or separating things or people. It can also refer to a state of being scattered or dispersed, and it is the name of a tribal ancestor.

The root صفع primarily relates to striking or slapping, often with an open hand. It can also extend to metaphorical meanings of reprimand or rebuke.

The root صقع primarily relates to direction, region, or place. It can also denote the act of going or departing to a specific location, and by extension, a striking or hitting sound.

The root 'صلع' primarily describes baldness or hair loss on the head. It extends to describe barrenness or lack of growth in plants and land, and metaphorically, a sharp or cunning person.

This root primarily deals with striking the neck, leading to concepts of destruction, ruin, and financial ruin or bankruptcy.

This root appears to relate to the concepts of uprooting, plucking out, and severe poverty or destitution. It also has a specific application to shaving the head.

This root primarily relates to concepts of sharpness, intelligence, and smallness, particularly concerning ears and pointedness. It extends to describe mental acuity, decisive opinions, and physical attributes like small ears or a pointed shape.

This root primarily concerns the act of making, doing, or fabricating something. It extends to the skill or craft involved in such actions, as well as the resulting product. It can also denote acting towards someone or something, sometimes with a negative connotation, and in derived forms, refers to fortifications or a specific place in Yemen.

This root primarily relates to the concept of scattering, dispersing, or separating. It also extends to meanings of moving quickly, turning back, and a low-lying area of land. Additionally, it denotes a unit of measure and its container.

The root ضبع primarily relates to the upper arm or shoulder, extending to concepts of stretching, reaching out, and protection or support. It also encompasses the animal hyena and specific ritualistic actions.

This root primarily relates to the hyena, its physical characteristics, and metaphorical extensions. It also encompasses concepts of drought, intense desire in animals, and tribal/personal names.

This root primarily concerns the act of lying down, resting, or reclining. It extends to related concepts like proximity, sharing a sleeping place, and metaphorically, to things that are close or nearing their end, such as the sun at sunset.

The root ضرع (ḍaraʿa) primarily relates to the udder and milk production in animals. It extends metaphorically to concepts of submission, weakness, and approaching something, particularly the setting of the sun or the readiness of food.

This root primarily deals with concepts of destruction, collapse, subjugation, and weakness. It describes the act of demolishing something to the ground, the state of being brought low or humbled, and the condition of being weak or lacking in resolve.

This root primarily concerns the amphibian known as a frog. It also extends to describe abundance or a large quantity of something, particularly water.

This root appears to describe a person who is heavy, possibly due to being overweight or slow-witted. It conveys a sense of bulkiness and a lack of intelligence.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a rib, a side, or a flank. It extends metaphorically to mean inclination, bias, crookedness, or deviation from a straight course. It also encompasses notions of strength, fullness, and capability.

This root primarily concerns movement, agitation, and the spreading of scent. It describes physical disturbance, emotional distress, and the diffusion of fragrance, particularly from musk.

This root primarily concerns the concept of loss, perishing, or being wasted. It extends to the idea of neglecting something, leading to its ruin or disappearance. It also encompasses the meaning of property or estate, and in a less common usage, refers to hunger or the diffusion of a scent.

This root primarily concerns inherent nature, disposition, and character. It also extends to the concept of sealing, imprinting, and marking, as well as physical characteristics like rust or fullness.

The root 'ط ل ع' primarily relates to the act of appearing, rising, or becoming visible. It extends to concepts of ascending, observing, and reaching a destination. Derived meanings include the emergence of date palm blossoms and the act of vomiting.

This root primarily concerns the concept of desire, greed, and covetousness. It extends to the idea of receiving provisions or sustenance, particularly for soldiers, and also describes a woman who is desirous but unattainable.

This root primarily concerns the concept of obedience, compliance, and willingness. It extends to ease, capability, and voluntary action, including self-imposed tasks and charitable giving. It also touches upon the ripeness of fruit and the accessibility of a pasture.

This root primarily concerns limping or lameness, both literally in animals and figuratively in humans. It extends to meanings of being suspected, burdened, or restricted.

This root primarily concerns intense grief, sorrow, and pain, especially that caused by a sudden or severe loss or calamity. It describes the act of causing such grief and the feeling of being afflicted by it.

This root pertains to a specific type of deformity or malformation, particularly affecting the ankle or wrist. It describes a condition where the joint is twisted or bent inwards, affecting the natural alignment of the foot or hand.

The root 'فرع' primarily relates to the concept of height, elevation, and branching out. It extends to notions of nobility, abundance, and the upper parts of things. It also encompasses specific meanings related to hair, archery, and ancient sacrificial practices.

This root primarily relates to the sound and action of cracking, snapping, or breaking apart. It often describes the sound made by fingers, or things breaking with a sharp noise. It can also extend to meanings of scattering or dispersing.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of fear, terror, panic, and alarm. It also extends to related ideas such as seeking refuge, providing relief or aid, and the act of frightening someone.

This root primarily relates to the act of peeling, exposing, or forcefully extracting something. It extends to concepts of revealing or taking something completely, and also describes a physical state related to exposure.

This root pertains to things that are severe, heinous, or excessive. It describes actions, events, or situations that are extremely bad, shocking, or beyond normal limits, often evoking a sense of disgust or horror.

This root primarily relates to the act of driving or urging animals, specifically sheep, with a vocalization. It also extends to describing someone or something as light or quick in their actions, particularly in the context of such urging.