Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

The root فقع (f-q-ʿ) primarily relates to intense colors, bursting or popping sounds, and certain types of fungi. It extends to concepts of sudden events, physical actions like snapping fingers, and even derogatory comparisons.

This root primarily concerns the concept of splitting, cracking, or cleaving something. It extends to the resulting state of being split or cracked, particularly in the context of skin or flesh, and can also be used metaphorically or vulgarly.

This root primarily denotes abundance and increase, particularly concerning wealth and possessions. It can also extend to describe something as excellent or fragrant, implying a high quality or desirable characteristic.

The root قبع primarily relates to the concept of drawing something inward or contracting, often associated with the head or nose. It extends to meanings of disappearing, being stunned, or making a specific sound. Derived terms also refer to objects that cover or protect, and a specific type of bird.

The root قدع (q-d-ʿ) primarily relates to restraining, curbing, or holding back. This can apply to controlling an animal's pace, preventing someone from doing something, or even a person's demeanor and speech. It can also extend to concepts of weakness or approaching.

This root pertains to obscenity, indecency, and foul language. It describes acts of speaking or accusing others with vulgarity and insults, and the resulting offensive speech.

This root primarily describes a state of being contracted or shrunken, often due to cold. It can also refer to a specific type of bird.

This root primarily describes foolishness and incompetence, particularly in women, and by extension, a lack of skill in managing wealth. It also touches upon the idea of being clumsy or inept.

This root primarily describes contraction, concealment, and awkward or unpleasant movement. It also extends to the act of compressing or crumpling something, particularly written material.

The root ق-ز-ع primarily relates to concepts of scattering, thinning, and swiftness, often in the context of movement or appearance. It describes rapid movement, fragmented things like clouds or hair, and specific actions related to shaving or grooming.

The root قشع primarily relates to the removal, clearing, or scattering of things, particularly clouds, dust, or people. It also extends to concepts of dryness, emptiness, and the remnants left behind after something has been cleared away.

The root 'قصع' primarily relates to the act of swallowing, particularly large gulps or returning food/drink to the mouth. It also extends to meanings of crushing, diminishing, or belittling something, and can describe a stunted or underdeveloped state.

This root appears to relate to a specific tribal lineage and potentially a type of water-related canine. The primary focus is on the genealogical attribution of the tribe of Quda'a.

The root قعع primarily relates to the sound of rattling, clashing, or repeated noises, often associated with weapons, thunder, or movement. It also extends to meanings of dryness, harshness, and sometimes refers to specific places, paths, or even ailments.

This root primarily relates to things that are contracted, shrunken, or bent inwards, often due to dryness or a specific shape. It describes objects, physical conditions of body parts, and even plants.

This root primarily deals with the concept of uprooting, pulling out, or detaching something. It extends to meanings of removal, cessation, and things that are detached or unstable, including physical objects like fortresses and clouds, as well as abstract concepts like illness and leadership.

The root قمع primarily relates to the concept of subduing, overpowering, or restraining. It extends to physical actions like striking with a specific tool, as well as metaphorical meanings of subjugation and humiliation. It also encompasses various objects and phenomena associated with restraint or a specific shape.

The root قنع (qana'a) primarily relates to the concepts of asking, begging, and humility, often in the context of seeking sustenance. It also extends to meanings of contentment, satisfaction, and acceptance, as well as covering physical objects like veils and troughs, and abstract qualities like trustworthiness.

This root primarily relates to the act of mounting or covering, particularly in the context of animal mating. It also extends to describe flat, level ground and the open space within a dwelling.

This root primarily relates to concepts of completeness, entirety, and sometimes scarcity or absence. It also extends to terms for a fox's young and a base person, and a verb meaning to flee.

This root describes a state of looseness, overflowing, or fullness, particularly related to bodily functions, liquids, and physical attributes. It often implies a messy or abundant outpouring.

This root primarily relates to drinking directly from a water source, specifically by lapping with the mouth. It also extends to terms for parts of the leg, geological formations, and geographical locations.

This root primarily refers to a specific anatomical part of the arm, the elbow or the bony prominence at the wrist. It may also extend to related concepts of protrusion or prominence.

The root كسع (k-s-') primarily relates to striking or hitting, particularly the rear or hindquarters. It extends to concepts of chasing, driving away, and swift movement, often with a connotation of pursuit. It also encompasses specific physical attributes like white markings on horses and certain actions related to animal husbandry.

This root primarily deals with the concept of stopping, hindering, or restraining someone or something. It also extends to meanings of cowardice and weakness, implying a state of being held back or unable to proceed.

This root primarily describes a state of being cracked, dirty, or soiled, particularly concerning feet or containers. It also extends to a specific term for a flock of sheep and a proper name.

This root primarily relates to lying down with someone, specifically in a close, intimate manner, often implying companionship or sexual intimacy. It can also extend to describing something as being smooth or unbroken.

This root primarily describes states of contraction, drawing together, and closeness. It extends to concepts of submission, yielding, and approaching a limit, such as sunset or death.

This root pertains to the concept of fear, timidity, and backing away from something due to apprehension. It describes a state of being cowardly or hesitant when faced with a daunting matter.

This root primarily concerns sensations of burning, stinging, or sharp pain, often associated with heat or harsh words. It extends to describe a quick-witted or sharp-minded individual.

This root primarily deals with the act of stinging or biting, particularly by venomous creatures like scorpions and snakes. It extends to the sensation or effect of such a sting, including pain and burning.

This root primarily concerns actions related to licking or consuming, and also describes physical actions like kicking and specific physical characteristics such as white patches on the lips or tooth decay.

This root primarily relates to delicate, fine, or light things, such as tender new plants, light herbage, or shimmering heat. It also extends to concepts of fragility, breaking, and intense physical sensation like hunger pangs.

This root primarily concerns the act of covering, wrapping, or enveloping oneself or something else. It extends to concepts of being covered by something, such as a garment, or by natural elements like plants or gray hair. It also encompasses the idea of turning or flipping something over.

This root primarily concerns the act of striking or hitting, particularly with a projectile like a dung pellet or an object thrown at the eye. It also extends to the idea of a sudden, sharp change in color, and to a person who is quick-witted or ready with a response.

This root primarily denotes clinging, sticking, and adhering, often with a negative connotation of baseness, meanness, or servility. It extends to describe something that is stuck or attached, and also refers to specific animals and young creatures.

This root primarily concerns the concept of shining, flashing, or gleaming. It extends to describe things that appear bright or shimmering, such as lightning, mirages, and even certain types of vegetation when drying. It also encompasses the idea of quick intelligence or sharpness.

This root primarily concerns intense emotional states, particularly burning desire, longing, and distress. It also extends to feelings of fear and timidity, often described as a burning or consuming sensation.

This root appears to be related to names and potentially obscure terms, with limited semantic range in classical Arabic lexicography.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of height, length, duration, and enjoyment. It extends to ideas of superiority, abundance, and the provision of goods or benefits. The root also touches upon the idea of being self-sufficient or independent.

This root primarily concerns foolishness, lack of shame, and acting foolishly or playfully. It also extends to a specific type of food made from dates and milk.

This root primarily concerns the act of revealing or spreading information, often with a connotation of indiscretion or falsehood. It also extends to the physical act of expelling bodily fluids.

This root primarily concerns rapid movement, tearing, or being torn apart, often due to intense emotion or effort. It also extends to meanings of fragmentation and small portions.

This root primarily relates to the concept of wind, specifically the north wind. It also touches upon the idea of something being brought or arriving, often associated with the wind's movement.

The root مشع (m-sh-ʿ) primarily relates to the act of acquiring, collecting, and extracting something, often with a sense of thoroughness or even stealth. It extends to actions like milking a goat completely or taking what one can from someone.

The root مصع (maṣʿa) primarily relates to movement, particularly quick or sudden motion, and also to striking or hitting. It extends to concepts of loss, disappearance, and shining or flashing.

This root relates to the process of preparing wood, specifically by cutting it while green and allowing it to dry slowly with its bark on. This method prevents cracking and splitting, ensuring the wood's integrity for later use, such as in crafting bows.