Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily relates to rest, cessation, and the concept of a day of rest, particularly the Jewish Sabbath. It extends to notions of time, stillness, and even specific physical actions like cutting hair or a particular gait.

This root primarily describes scarcity, emptiness, and poverty. It refers to barren land, a small amount of something, and by extension, poor or needy people.

This root primarily concerns the number six and its derivatives. It also touches upon related ordinal numbers and grammatical variations in counting and word formation.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something being unlawful or illicit, often associated with ill-gotten gains. It also extends to meanings of eradication, destruction, and a state of being consumed or depleted, particularly in relation to wealth and physical sustenance.

The root 'سخت' primarily denotes intensity, severity, and hardness. It is used to describe strong heat, a severe condition, and also refers to a type of fine dust or a specific preparation of food.

This root primarily describes the act of consuming a large quantity of something, particularly a drink, without achieving satisfaction or quenching thirst. It implies an excessive intake that is ultimately unfulfilling.

This root primarily concerns the concept of silence, stillness, and ceasing from action or speech. It extends to meanings of causing silence, being quiet, and even specific conditions or types of quietness.

The root سلت primarily relates to removing, stripping, or cutting something off. This includes removing husks from grain, scraping food from a dish, cutting off a nose, removing hair, and flogging.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a path, way, or direction. It extends to the idea of intention, purpose, and guidance, as well as a manner or bearing. It also encompasses the act of guessing or inferring and a specific religious invocation.

This root primarily relates to concepts of scarcity, hardship, and lack of prosperity, often associated with drought or famine. It also extends to terms for specific spices and honey, and metaphorically to undesirable marriages.

This root primarily describes a specific defect in horses, particularly related to their gait or leg length. It denotes a horse that is somewhat stunted or has disproportionately short hind legs compared to its forelegs.

This root primarily concerns the concept of dispersion, separation, and scattering. It describes things or people being apart, disorganized, or fragmented. It also extends to the idea of a wide variety or mixture of things.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being fine, small, or delicate, often in the context of texture or physical form. It can also describe a person who is thin or emaciated.

This root primarily concerns the emotion of rejoicing, particularly at the misfortune of an enemy. It also extends to the act of wishing well for someone and, in a distinct usage, refers to the legs or supports of an animal.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of silence, quietness, and stillness, but also extends to meanings of contention, dispute, and gathering.

This root primarily describes physical strength, robustness, and solidity. It is used to denote a person or thing that is strong, well-built, and substantial in their physical attributes.

This root primarily relates to sharpness, clarity, and directness, often applied to physical objects like blades or foreheads, but also to abstract qualities like decisiveness and purity.

The root صمت (ṣmt) primarily relates to silence, stillness, and quietness. It extends to concepts of being hidden, inaccessible, or lacking internal substance. It also encompasses terms for valuable possessions and specific types of animals or objects.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sound, voice, and loudness. It extends to related ideas like clamor, outcry, reputation, and even physical stature and rejuvenation.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of vessel, possibly a basin or bowl, with variations in its name based on dialect and grammatical form. The text discusses phonetic shifts and grammatical derivations of this term.

This root primarily concerns the concept of repetition, persistence, and insistence, particularly in speech or in making requests. It also extends to meanings related to stubbornness, mental dullness, and a faltering or unclear manner of speaking.

This root describes a state of violent shaking, trembling, or flickering. It is applied to spears that shake intensely and to lightning that flashes and moves erratically.

The root عفت (ʿ-f-t) primarily relates to the concept of breaking, twisting, or distorting something. This can apply to physical objects like a hand, or abstract concepts like speech, leading to meanings of being crooked, clumsy, or foolish.

This root primarily relates to the process of preparing and spinning wool or hair, and by extension, to a watchful or observant person. It also encompasses terms for ignorance or weakness.

This root primarily concerns hardship, difficulty, and distress, often leading to sin or falling into trouble. It can also refer to the act of causing hardship to others or seeking out their faults.

This root primarily relates to the act of submerging or immersing something, particularly in water. It also extends metaphorically to concealing or suppressing something, such as laughter or an action.

This root primarily concerns the concept of error, mistake, or deviation, particularly in speech or calculation. It also extends to meanings of overwhelming or subjugating someone through abuse and force.

This root primarily describes a feeling of heaviness or burden, particularly related to food or a difficult situation. It can also extend to the idea of being overwhelmed or suppressed.

This root appears to relate to speaking falsehoods or acting unjustly towards someone. It also encompasses the idea of acting independently or unilaterally, particularly in forming an opinion.

This root primarily concerns the act of breaking, crushing, or crumbling something into small pieces. It extends to the state of being broken, the resulting fragments, and specific objects associated with breaking or being broken.

This root primarily relates to the concept of light, specifically moonlight. It also extends to a type of bird known for its distinctive neck marking.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fresh, sweet, and abundant water. It is most famously associated with the name of a major river and its characteristics.

This root primarily concerns suddenness, unexpectedness, and swiftness. It extends to concepts of escape, improvisation, and even death occurring abruptly. Derived terms also describe things that are small or ill-fitting, and a spirited horse.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something being missed, escaped, or gone. It extends to the idea of being beyond reach, a gap or interval, and the act of preceding or preempting someone.

This root primarily concerns the act of spreading or conveying gossip and rumors. It also extends to the concept of spreading or conveying information in general, and has a secondary meaning related to a specific type of plant.

This root primarily relates to the drying, congealing, or clotting of blood. It extends to the state of blood being dried and hardened, and metaphorically to a state of stillness or permanence.

This root primarily concerns depressions or hollows, particularly in the ground or body. It also extends to meanings of destruction, perishing, and a woman or female animal that is infertile or has lost offspring.

This root primarily relates to obedience and devotion, particularly in a religious context. It encompasses concepts of submission to God, standing in prayer, and supplication.

This root primarily concerns sustenance, food, and the means by which one lives. It extends to concepts of sufficiency, provision, and the ability to manage or control resources, including the capacity to provide for oneself or others.

The root كبت (kbt) primarily relates to the concepts of repelling, subjugating, and humiliating an enemy or opponent. It also encompasses the idea of being thrown down or prostrated.

This root primarily relates to sounds, specifically soft or suppressed vocalizations, and also extends to concepts of abundance or being uncountable, and the bubbling or boiling of liquids.

This root primarily relates to the concept of completeness, perfection, and being full or entire. It can also extend to meanings of returning or repeating, and in some contexts, signifies something being packed or contained.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being short or stout, and also to a specific type of bird.

This root primarily concerns the concept of gathering, collecting, or drawing something close. It extends to meanings of repelling, moving quickly, and containing or encompassing.

This root primarily describes a specific reddish-brown color, particularly in horses, and its nuances. It also extends to describe camels and wine with similar color characteristics.

This root primarily relates to the facilitation or preparation of something, particularly equipment or provisions. It also encompasses a classical expression indicating an unspecified event or matter.

The root 'لتت' primarily concerns the concept of tightening, binding, or securing something firmly. It extends to the idea of adhering closely to someone or something, and also to the preparation of food, specifically stirring or mixing.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a thief or robber, particularly within the dialect of the Tayy tribe. It also touches upon the idea of causing damage or corruption, especially in a social or moral context.

The root لفت (l-f-t) primarily relates to turning, twisting, or diverting something. It extends to meanings of changing direction, persuading someone away from a course of action, and also describes physical twisting or contortion. Figuratively, it can denote foolishness or awkwardness, and also refers to specific types of food and a type of woman.

This root primarily deals with the particle 'layta' used for expressing wishes, functioning similarly to 'kana' and its sisters. It also encompasses related forms and a less common usage where it functions as a verb. Additionally, the root touches upon the meaning of holding back or preventing someone from something.