Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to primarily relate to place names, specifically water sources or wells. The text discusses two such locations, 'Dahradh' and 'Wasi'' which are sometimes referred to collectively as 'Al-Dahradhan'. The context involves historical tribal ownership and poetic references to these locations.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of weapon, particularly associated with lions. It describes the weapon itself and its use.

This root appears to relate to the concept of breaking, crushing, or pounding something, particularly in a forceful manner. It is also associated with the bark of trees when processed.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly obscure, with its primary known usage referring to a specific geographical feature. The single derived lemma points to a river in India.

This root primarily concerns the concept of settling, resting, or staying in a place, often associated with animals like sheep and livestock in their enclosures. It extends to ideas of being stationary, immobile, or even ill, and can also refer to a group or collection of animals or people.

This root primarily concerns the act of washing, cleaning, and rinsing. It extends to the results of washing, such as wastewater or cleansed items, and also encompasses related concepts like sweat, especially profuse sweat associated with illness, and places or tools used for washing.

This root primarily denotes the act of crushing, grinding, or breaking something into small pieces. It extends to concepts of fragmentation, small stones, and even the physical state of being crushed or heavy. Figuratively, it can refer to intense effort or the effect of consuming certain substances.

This root primarily describes sudden, vigorous movement, often involving shaking, trembling, or writhing. It can apply to animals, plants, or even inanimate objects reacting to external forces like wind or physical contact.

The root 'rafada' (رفض) primarily denotes the act of leaving, abandoning, or letting go of something or someone. It extends to concepts of scattering, breaking apart, and ceasing, as well as specific applications in animal husbandry and geographical terms.

The root ركض primarily denotes rapid movement, often involving striking with the legs or feet. This can apply to animals like horses and camels, birds in flight, or even humans running. It also extends to concepts of agitation, disturbance, and forceful impact.

This root primarily concerns intense heat, particularly the heat of the sun on the ground, and its effects. It extends to the burning sensation caused by such heat, and metaphorically to intense anger or pain. It also encompasses specific agricultural and culinary practices related to heat and a particular month in the Islamic calendar.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily describing a type of large, soft, or sometimes robust animal, specifically a camel.

This root appears to relate to descriptions of large, long-necked animals, specifically camels. It also touches upon a rare plant name and a linguistic curiosity.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of date, possibly characterized by its texture or origin. The primary derived term refers to this particular variety of date.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of presenting, displaying, offering, and appearing. It extends to notions of width, breadth, and side, as well as encountering, opposing, and being exposed to something. It also encompasses the idea of being susceptible or prone to something.

This root primarily describes something as large, broad, and robust, particularly in reference to animals like camels and lions. It conveys a sense of powerful bulk and width.

This root primarily describes various forms of green aquatic growth, often resembling moss or algae. It also extends to describe certain types of thorny trees and shrubs, particularly smaller varieties.

This root primarily concerns the act of biting, gripping, or holding firmly with the teeth. It extends to metaphorical uses of tenacious adherence, verbal abuse, and forceful impact.

This root primarily relates to seclusion, staying in a place, and the act of biting or clinging. It encompasses concepts of remaining hidden, being confined, and a strong, persistent attachment or grip.

This root primarily concerns the act of biting, but extends metaphorically to concepts of clinging, adhering, and being persistent. It also encompasses meanings related to strong, difficult, or dangerous situations and entities, as well as specific types of plants and animal fodder.

This root primarily relates to the act of biting or gnawing, extending to concepts of harshness, severity, and toughness. It also encompasses specific types of thorny plants and their fodder, as well as certain types of wells and dates.

This root primarily relates to the act of moving or shaking something forcefully, often with the intention of dislodging it. It also has a specific, less common meaning referring to a type of wild animal.

This root primarily relates to the act of extracting, manipulating, or forcefully dealing with something. It encompasses actions like removing a stopper, extracting an eye, or treating a person harshly. It also extends to the idea of obtaining something with effort and describes a heavy or sluggish person.

The root 'ʿawḍ' primarily concerns the concept of replacement, substitution, or compensation. It encompasses giving something in return for what was lost or taken, and also the idea of something coming as a substitute or successor. It extends to the notion of time, specifically the future, as a continuous replacement of moments.

This root appears to describe the inability to cry or shed tears, specifically when one intends to weep but their eyes do not produce tears. It is a rare term, with limited attestation.

The root غرض primarily relates to the concept of binding, securing, or filling, often in the context of animal saddles or containers. It also extends to meanings of deficiency, emptiness, or a lack of fullness, and metaphorically to boredom, restlessness, or a lack of purpose.

The root 'adī' primarily relates to concepts of longing, desire, and intense yearning. It also extends to meanings of breaking, separating, and freshness, particularly in relation to food and water. Additionally, it encompasses the idea of a target or objective.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of freshness, tenderness, youthfulness, and newness, often applied to plants, fruits, and young people. It also extends to meanings of lowering, reducing, or restraining, particularly in relation to sight, sound, and status, and can denote humility or subjugation.

The root 'غمض' primarily relates to closing, concealing, and obscurity. It encompasses concepts of sleep, closing eyes, hiddenness, and things that are unclear or difficult to perceive. It also extends to meanings of overlooking, leniency, and things being low or sunken.

This root primarily denotes exertion and difficulty. It describes the act of straining oneself or facing hardship, implying a state of being put under pressure or challenged.

This root primarily concerns the concept of decrease, reduction, or scarcity, particularly related to water levels. It extends to the idea of diminishing or withholding something, and by extension, to scarcity of people or resources. It also encompasses related concepts like dense vegetation and early stages of growth.

This root primarily describes the action of crushing or mashing, particularly soft fruits like watermelons. It conveys a sense of forceful breaking or flattening.

The root 'فرض' primarily denotes obligation, imposition, and prescription. It extends to concepts of setting limits, defining boundaries, and making something mandatory. It also encompasses meanings related to division, allocation, and specific portions, particularly in inheritance and taxation.

The root 'فرض' primarily relates to the concept of something being fixed, obligatory, or a designated portion. It extends to meanings of a shield, a type of date, a specific location, a mountain pass, and even a male beetle.

This root primarily deals with the concept of breaking, crushing, or shattering something with force. It implies a violent impact that causes fragmentation or severe damage.

The root فوض (fawḍ) primarily relates to entrusting, delegating, and handing over affairs. It extends to concepts of disorder, disarray, and mixed or shared matters, often implying a lack of leadership or order. It also encompasses partnership and negotiation.

The root قبض (qabaḍa) primarily denotes the act of grasping, seizing, or taking hold of something with the hand. It extends to concepts of contracting, shrinking, collecting, and controlling, including the taking of life and the restriction of sustenance. It also encompasses notions of speed and swiftness in movement.

This root appears to relate to the concept of shortness or being compact. It is primarily used to describe physical attributes, particularly of a person or object.

This root primarily relates to the sound of joints, specifically knees, when they crack or make a noise. It also appears in place names and a type of plant.