العض

Root entry · 21 derived lemmas

This root primarily relates to the act of biting or gnawing, extending to concepts of harshness, severity, and toughness. It also encompasses specific types of thorny plants and their fodder, as well as certain types of wells and dates.

Derived headwords

عَلَفَverb

1.
to feed (livestock)both
To provide fodder or food for animals, especially livestock.

العَضُّnoun

1.
fodderclassical
Food for livestock, particularly dry fodder like dried clover (qatt) and date pits (nawa).
2.
thorny shrubclassical
A type of thorny shrub or tree, often referring to smaller, less substantial thorny plants.
3.
bitingboth
The act of biting or gnawing.

العَضَاضُnoun

1.
tough fodderclassical
Tough or coarse fodder, similar to 'al-'adh'.
2.
tough plantclassical
That which is thick and tough from plants.
3.
nasal cartilageclassical
The part between the tip of the nose and its root; the bridge of the nose.

أَعَضَّverb

1.
to eat tough fodderclassical
When livestock eat 'al-'adh' or 'al-'adhadh'.

مُعَضٌّadjective

1.
fed tough fodderclassical
An animal whose livestock eats 'al-'adh'.

العَضَاهُnoun

1.
thorny treesclassical
A collective noun for thorny trees and shrubs, especially those that are large and strongly spined.

عِضَاهَةٌnoun

1.
thorny shrub (sg.)classical
A single thorny shrub or tree, the singular of 'al-'adhah'.

مُعَضَّاةٌadjective

1.
thorny (plant)classical
Referring to thorny plants, specifically 'al-'adhah'.

عَضَّاضِيٌّadjective

1.
fat (camel)classical
A fat camel, attributed to eating 'al-'adh'.

العَضُوضُadjective

1.
difficult (well)classical
A well that is hard for the water-drawer to work, or deep and narrow.
2.
harsh (reign)classical
A harsh, oppressive, or tyrannical reign.
3.
biting (cold)classical
Severe or biting, used for cold or harsh times.

أَعَضَّتْverb

1.
to become productive (well)classical
A well becoming abundant with water.

العَضَاضُnoun

1.
bridge of the noseclassical
The part between the tip of the nose and its root; the bridge of the nose.

عَضُوضٌadjective

1.
harsh (time)classical
A harsh, severe, or biting time, like winter or war.

مَلِكٌ عَضُوضٌnoun phrase

1.
oppressive rulerclassical
A king or ruler characterized by oppression, harshness, and injustice.

قَوْسٌ عَضُوضٌnoun phrase

1.
tight-strung bowclassical
A bow whose string adheres closely to its core or frame.

اِمْرَأَةٌ عَضُوضٌnoun phrase

1.
tight (woman)classical
A woman who is very narrow, such that penetration is difficult.

يَعَضُّverb

1.
to bite one's lipboth
To bite one's lips, often indicating anger or frustration.

عَضَّاضُ عَيْشٍnoun phrase

1.
patient in hardshipclassical
One who is patient and enduring during difficult times.

عَضَاضُهُمْnoun

1.
their hardshipclassical
Their difficult living conditions or hardship.

تَعَضُّوضٌnoun

1.
type of dateclassical
A type of very sweet, dark, large, and moist date, possibly with an added 'ta''.

تَعَضُّوضَةٌnoun

1.
a date (type)classical
A single date of the 'ta'addud' variety, described as large, moist, and delicious.

Parallel reading

علف أهل الأمصار مثل القت والنوى.

The people of the cities feed (livestock) with things like clover and date pits.

العض العجين الذي تعلفه الإبل، وهو أيضا الشجر الغليظ الذي يبقى في الأرض.

'Al-'adh' is the fodder with which camels are fed, and it is also the thick shrub that remains on the ground.

والعضاض أيضا ما غلظ من النبت وعسا.

And 'al-'adhadh' is also what is thick and tough from plants.

وأغض القوم: أكلت إبلهم العض أو العضاض؛

And the people 'a'adhdhu': their camels ate 'al-'adh' or 'al-'adhadh'.

إبل معضة ترعى العضاه، فجعلها إذ كان من الشجر لا من العشب بمنزلة المعلوفة في أهلها النوى وشبهه، وذلك أن العض هو علف الريف من النوى والقت وما أشبه ذلك، ولا يجوز أن يقال من العضاه معض إلا على هذا التأويل.

Camels that are 'mu'adhdhadh' graze on 'al-'adhah'. He considered them, since it is from trees and not grass, to be like those fed with date pits and the like, because 'al-'adh' is the fodder of the fertile land from date pits, clover, and similar things. It is not permissible to say 'mu'adhdhadh' from 'al-'adhah' except with this interpretation.

والمعض: الذي تأكل إبله العض.

And 'al-ma'dhu': he whose camels eat 'al-'adh'.

إذا رعى القوم العضاه قيل القوم معضون، فما لذكره العض، وهو علف الأمصار، مع قول الرجل العضاه:

If people graze on 'al-'adhah', it is said the people are 'ma'dhuun'. So what is the mention of 'al-'adh', which is the fodder of the cities, with the man's saying 'al-'adhah'?

بعير عضاضي أي سمين منسوب إلى أكل العض؛

A 'ba'ir 'adhadhi' means fat, attributed to eating 'al-'adh'.

العضاه اسم يقع على شجر من شجر الشوك له أسماء مختلفة يجمعها العضاه، واحدتها عضاهة، وإنما العضاه الخالص منه ما عظم واشتد شوكه، وما صغر من شجر الشوك فإنه يقال له العض والشرس، وإذا اجتمعت جموع ذلك فما له شوك من صغاره عض وشرس، ولا يدعيان عضاها، فمن العضاه السمر والعرفط والسيال والقرظ والقتاد الأعظم والكنهبل والعوسج والسدر والغاف والغرب، فهذه عضاه أجمع ومن عضاه القياس، وليس بالعضاه الخالص الشوحط والنبع والشريان والسراء والنشم والعجرم والتألب والغرف فهذه تدعى كلها عضاه القياس، يعني القسي، وليست بالعضاه الخالص ولا بالعض؛ ومن العض والشرس القتاد الأصغر، وهي التي ثمرتها نفاخة كنفاخة العشر إذا حركت انفقأت، ومنها الشبرم والشبرق والحاج واللصف والكلبة والعتر والتغر فهذه عض وليست بعضاه، ومن شجر الشوك الذي ليس بعض ولا عضاه الشكاعى والحلاوى والحاذ والكب والسلح.

'Al-'adhah' is a name applied to thorny trees that have various names, collectively called 'al-'adhah', its singular being 'adhahah'. The pure 'al-'adhah' is that which is large and strongly spined. What is small from thorny trees is called 'al-'adh' and 'al-sharas'. If the plurals of that gather, and it has thorns from its small ones, it is 'adh' and 'sharas', and they are not called 'adhaha'. Among 'al-'adhah' are the samr, 'irfitt, sayyal, qaraẓ, the great qatad, kanhabal, 'awsaj, sidr, ghāf, and gharab. These are all 'al-'adhah'. And among the 'adhah' of analogy are shūḥaṭ, nab', shiryān, surrā', nasham, 'ajram, ta'allub, and gharaf. These are all called 'adhah' of analogy, meaning the bows, and they are not pure 'al-'adhah' nor 'al-'adh'. And from 'al-'adh' and 'al-sharas' is the smaller qatad, which has pods like the pods of the 'ashar, which burst when shaken. And among them are shabram, shabraq, ḥājj, laṣaf, kalbah, 'itr, and taghr. These are 'adh' and not 'adhah'. And among the thorny trees that are neither 'adh' nor 'adhah' are shukā'ā, ḥalāwā, ḥādh, kab, and salḥ.

هذا بلد عض وأعضاض وعضاض أي شجر ذي شوك.

This is a land of 'adh', 'a'ḍāḍ', and 'aḍāḍ' meaning thorny trees.

بعير عاض إذا كان يأكل العض وهو في معنى عضه، وعلى هذا التفصيل قول من قال معضون يكون من العض الذي هو نفس العضاه وتصح روايته.

A camel is 'āḍ' if it eats 'al-'adh', which is in the meaning of 'its biting'. And based on this detail, the statement of one who said 'ma'dhuun' can be from 'al-'adh' which is the 'adhah' itself, and his narration is correct.

والعضوض من الآبار: الشاقة على الساقي في العمل، وقيل: هي البعيدة القعر الضيقة؛

And 'al-'adhuḍ' from wells: is difficult for the water-drawer in his work, and it is said: it is deep-bottomed and narrow.

بئرا عضوضا وشنانا يبسا

a deep and narrow well and dry springs

بئر عضوض وماء عضوض إذا كان بعيد القعر يستقى منه بالسانية.

A well is 'adhuḍ' and water is 'adhuḍ' if it is deep-bottomed and drawn from by a shaduf.

البئر العضوض هي الكثيرة الماء، قال: وهي العضيض.

The 'adhuḍ' well is one with abundant water, and he said: it is 'al-'aḍīḍ'.

ومياه بني تميم عضض، وما كانت البئر عضوضا ولقد أعضت، وما كانت جدا ولقد أجدت، وما كانت جرورا ولقد أجرت.

And the waters of Banu Tamim were 'aḍaḍ', and the well was not 'adhuḍ' but it became so, and it was not abundant but it became so, and it was not flowing but it became so.

والعضاض: ما بين روثة الأنف إلى أصله، وفي التهذيب: عرنين الأنف؛

And 'al-'aḍāḍ': is what is between the tip of the nose and its root, and in Al-Tahdhib: the bridge of the nose.

لما رأيت العبد مشرحفا، ... أعدمته عضاضه والكفا

When I saw the slave stretched out, ... I deprived him of his nose-bridge and his sufficiency.

والعضاض، بالضم والتشديد، الأنف؛

And 'al-'aḍāḍ', with damma and shadda, means the nose.

فأغضى على عضاض أنف مصلم

So he turned away from the bridge of a cut-off nose.

العضاضي الرجل الناعم اللين مأخوذ من العضاض وهو ما لان من الأنف.

'Al-'aḍāḍī' is a soft, gentle man, derived from 'al-'aḍāḍ', which is what is soft of the nose.

وزمن عضوض أي كلب.

And a 'zaman 'aḍūḍ' means severe cold.

عضه القتب وعضه الدهر والحرب، وهي عضوض، وهو مستعار من عض الناب؛

The saddle bit him, and time and war bit him, and it is 'aḍūḍ', and it is a metaphor from the biting of a canine tooth.

وكيف يداي بالحرب العضوض؟

And how can my hands deal with the biting war?

وفي الحرب المنكرة العضوض

And in the terrible, biting war.

ثم يكون ملك عضوض أي يصيب الرعية، فيه عسف وظلم، كأنهم يعضون فيه عضا.

Then there will be an oppressive reign, meaning it afflicts the subjects, with oppression and injustice in it, as if they are being bitten severely in it.

ثم يكون ملوك عضوض ، وهو جمع عض، بالكسر ، وهو الخبيث الشرس.

Then there will be oppressive kings, and it is the plural of 'aḍḍ', with kasra, which is the wicked and fierce.

وسترون بعدي ملكا عضوضا.

And you will see after me an oppressive reign.

وقوس عضوض إذا لزق وترها بكبدها.

And a bow is 'aḍūḍ' if its string sticks to its core.

وامرأة عضوض: لا ينفذ فيها الذكر من ضيقها.

And a woman is 'aḍūḍ': the penis does not penetrate her due to her narrowness.

وفلان يعضض شفتيه أي يعض ويكثر ذلك من الغضب.

And so-and-so bites his lips, meaning he bites and does this frequently out of anger.

وفلان عضاض عيش أي صبور على الشدة.

And so-and-so is 'aḍāḍ 'aysh' meaning patient in hardship.

وعاض القوم العيش منذ العام فاشتد عضاضهم أي اشتد عيشهم.

And the people endured life since last year, so their hardship intensified, meaning their life became difficult.

وغلق عض: لا يكاد ينفتح.

And a lock is 'aḍḍ': it hardly opens.

والتعضوض: ضرب من التمر شديد الحلاوة، تاؤه زائدة مفتوحة، واحدته تعضوضة، وفي التهذيب: تمر أسود، التاء فيه ليست بأصلية.

And 'al-ta'aḍḍūḍ': is a type of date with intense sweetness, its 'ta' is an added open letter, its singular is 'ta'aḍḍūḍah', and in Al-Tahdhib: black dates, the 'ta' in it is not original.

أن وفد عبد القيس قدموا على النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فكان فيما أهدوا له قرب من تعضوض ؛

The delegation of Abd al-Qays came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and among what they gifted him were skins of 'ta'aḍḍūḍ'.

أسود كالليل تدجى أخضره، ... مخالط تعضوضه وعمره، برني عيدان قليل قشره

Black as night, its greenness darkens, ... mixed with its 'ta'aḍḍūḍ' and 'umr, Barni of stalks, little of its peel.

والتعضوضة تمرة طحلاء كبيرة رطبة صقرة لذيذة من جيد التمر وشهيه.

And 'al-ta'aḍḍūḍah' is a large, moist, dark, delicious date, from the best and most desirable dates.

والله لتعضوض كأنه أخفاف الرباع أطيب من هذا.

By God, 'ta'aḍḍūḍ' like the hooves of young camels is more delicious than this.