Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily describes a state of coarseness, thickness, or roughness, particularly applied to the lips (مشافر) of a camel. It can also refer to a general coarseness or thickness of something, like a hand, and implies a connection to eating rough vegetation.

This root relates to the act of mending or patching clothing, specifically a shirt. It describes the process and the result of such repairs.

This root primarily concerns the act of grasping, seizing, or holding something firmly with the hand. It extends to related concepts like a strong grip, the act of striking, and the physical attributes of animals known for their grip or marking.

This root primarily concerns a type of children's game involving a round, wide wooden object. It also extends to the act of striking or pushing something with the foot or palm, and the act of throwing something like a ball.

This root appears to describe the act of striking or hitting something with the palm of the hand. It is noted as a Yamanite (South Arabian) term.

This root primarily concerns a specific desert plant called 'tarthooth'. It also encompasses the concept of relaxation or reclining, though this sense is less developed in the provided text. The root's usage is heavily tied to descriptions of this plant, its properties, and the act of gathering it.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to something weak or a type of bread. Its semantic range is not broad.

This root primarily describes weakness, particularly in intellect and physical strength. It can also refer to the flowing or spreading of water, and a specific age range for men.

The root طمث (ṭamtha) primarily relates to the onset of menstruation or bleeding, particularly in young women. It extends to concepts of deflowering, sexual intercourse involving bleeding, and by extension, touching or being touched, and even corruption or defilement.

This root appears to describe a state of mental weakness or deficiency, particularly in contrast to physical strength. It characterizes someone as being feeble-minded or lacking in intellect.

This root primarily concerns the concept of playing, trifling, or engaging in idle activity. It extends to meanings of mixing, adulterating, and preparing food items, often through a process of mixing or drying. The root also encompasses notions of confusion and disorder, particularly in social contexts.

This root primarily relates to small, destructive creatures like moths and termites that consume fabric and hides. It extends to meanings of insignificance, worthlessness, and being insignificant or contemptible. Additionally, it encompasses concepts of sound, vocalization, and returning or recoiling.

This root relates to ease of creation, natural disposition, and gentleness. It is used to describe a person's inherent qualities and is also found in personal names.

This root primarily deals with the concept of extracting, pulling out, or forcefully removing something. It can also extend to the idea of rubbing or chafing.

This root primarily describes a state of exposure or uncovering, particularly related to the private parts. It can also refer to someone who is boastful or talks excessively, potentially stemming from a lack of restraint or self-awareness.

The root عكث primarily relates to the concept of gathering, coming together, or coalescing. It describes things joining and becoming unified or dense.

This root primarily concerns the concept of mixing or blending various substances, particularly grains like wheat and barley. It extends to meanings of confusion, entanglement, and persistent adherence, often in contexts of conflict or difficulty.

This root primarily describes the dried, blackened, and decayed state of certain plant matter, specifically the fruit of the 'ḥuliyy' plant. It also extends to the appearance of this dried matter, particularly when it is white and withered before darkening.

This root appears to refer to a type of shrub. However, its existence or etymology is uncertain according to classical sources.

This root primarily relates to a type of plant, specifically one that is thorny or prickly and favored by certain desert animals like the jerboa (ḍabb). It also appears as a place name.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of deterring, dissuading, and causing confusion or perplexity. It also extends to meanings of finding a way or an alternative.

The root عيث (ʿayth) primarily denotes corruption, destruction, and reckless action. It extends to concepts of wasteful spending, aggressive behavior, and the act of searching or probing, particularly in a blind or indiscriminate manner. It can also refer to specific geographical locations or types of terrain.

The root غبث primarily relates to mixing or blending, often in the context of food preparation, particularly with dairy products. It also extends to describing a color that is a mix of dustiness and redness.

This root primarily concerns concepts of poor quality, weakness, and worthlessness, applying to things, people, and speech. It also extends to meanings of being lean, sickly, or corrupted, and in a more specific context, to the pus or dead tissue of a wound.

This root primarily concerns the concept of hunger, ranging from mild to severe. It also extends to the idea of being empty or lacking, particularly in relation to the stomach or a waistline, and metaphorically to a lack of knowledge.

The root غلث primarily relates to mixing, especially of grains, and by extension, to adulteration or contamination. It also extends to meanings of stubbornness, persistence in fighting, and a type of weak or unpromising fire starter.

The root غنث primarily relates to drinking, specifically the act of taking a drink followed by a breath. It extends to meanings of clinging, adhering, and experiencing heaviness or burden. It also encompasses concepts of good manners in social drinking and companionship.

This root primarily concerns the concept of aid, succor, and rescue. It encompasses the act of helping, the state of being helped, and the means by which help is provided. It also extends to cries for help and, in specific contexts, names of tribes and idols.

The root غيث primarily relates to rain and its effects, encompassing the rain itself, the vegetation it causes, and the act of providing rain or relief. It extends to concepts of sustenance, aid, and even metaphorical uses related to abundance or recurring fortune.

This root primarily concerns a type of wild grain or seed, often eaten during times of famine due to its coarse and unrefined nature. It also extends to meanings related to scattering, breaking, and calming, particularly in the context of dates and liquids.

This root primarily relates to the concept of searching, investigating, or examining something closely. It also encompasses terms for a specific type of multi-layered stomach structure, possibly related to its layered or examined nature.

The root 'فرث' primarily relates to the contents of the stomach, specifically dung or excrement, and the act of breaking or scattering it. It extends to meanings of internal distress, emotional turmoil, and even physical destruction.

This root appears to be related to the concept of grasping or seizing something. It is primarily associated with a proper name and a verb form indicating a forceful grip.

This root appears to describe something large, bulky, or ungainly, particularly in reference to animals and humans. It can denote physical size, ugliness, or a specific physical attribute like large feet.

This root primarily concerns the act of dragging, pulling, or gathering things, often in large quantities. It extends to concepts of abundance, collecting possessions, and even uprooting or eradicating.

This root pertains to the act of taking or acquiring something entirely. It signifies a complete acquisition or appropriation of an object.

This root primarily discusses a specific type of black, sweet date that ripens quickly and easily sheds its skin. It also mentions a type of fish as a secondary meaning, possibly a homophone or a variant spelling.

This root appears to describe the concept of gathering or assembling. The derived terms indicate a state of being collected or a noun referring to this gathering.

The root قعث (q-ʿ-th) primarily relates to abundance, largeness, and generosity, often in the context of giving or material possessions. It can also denote a large quantity of something, such as rain or excavated earth. In some instances, it carries a sense of uprooting or complete removal, and can even refer to a specific animal ailment.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to a specific type of man. The main derived term describes a man who is cuckolded or allows his wife to engage in extramarital affairs.

This root describes a heavy, difficult, or unsteady gait, as if one is struggling to move out of mud or a sticky substance. It conveys a sense of being stuck or moving with great effort.

This root appears to be related to the concept of a cuckold or a man who is indifferent to his wife's infidelity. It is noted as potentially non-Arabic.

This root appears to describe something related to abundance or intensity, particularly in the context of hair growth on a person's body and face. It also has a less certain meaning related to an enemy causing panic.

This root primarily concerns the ripening and state of fruit, specifically the fruit of the Arak tree. It also extends to describe meat that has become spoiled or rancid, and a place name.

This root pertains to the act of scooping or taking a handful of something, particularly wealth or possessions. It implies a direct, manual action of grasping a portion.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of hardship, distress, and affliction. It also extends to the concept of not caring or being unconcerned, and includes botanical terms for specific plants.

This root appears to be related to the concept of arrogance or haughtiness, specifically in the context of someone acting superior or proud towards others.