Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily describes a type of parasitic plant that grows on other plants without roots, often yellow in color. It can also metaphorically refer to loss or absence.

This root appears to describe a person who is stingy, withdrawn, and also strong or severe. The derived terms focus on character traits related to miserliness and a rigid, unyielding disposition.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of woven or layered structure, possibly a mat or tray, used for presenting fragrant plants.

This root appears to describe something that is dense, intertwined, or solid. It can refer to a person who is strong and robust, or to sand that is densely packed and flowing.

This root appears to describe something solid, firm, or unyielding. It is primarily used as an adjective to denote hardness or robustness.

This root appears to relate to the concept of gathering or collecting things together. It is a less common root with limited derived forms.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being short or stunted in stature.

This root primarily relates to place names, specifically Mecca and a location in Iraq associated with the prophet Abraham. It also has a less common meaning related to the early growth stages of crops and a specific type of garment.

This root primarily concerns the concept of staying, remaining, or lingering in a place. It also extends to meanings of slowness, delay, and patience, often in the context of time or action.

The root لثث primarily relates to the concepts of staying, remaining, and persisting in a place or matter. It also extends to meanings of persistence in action, such as lingering, delaying, or being slow, and can describe a persistent state like dew on plants or continuous rain.

This root primarily concerns actions of striking, hitting, or throwing, often with a blunt object or with force. It extends to concepts of being heavy, burdensome, or rough, and metaphorically to the clashing or surging of waves.

This root describes slowness, heaviness, and being weighed down, particularly by sleep or fatigue. It conveys a sense of sluggishness and difficulty in movement or action.

This root primarily concerns mixed or adulterated food, particularly grain mixed with barley. It extends to the act of consuming such food and, by extension, feeding or suckling.

This root describes the act of taking something quickly and completely, without it being firmly established or permanent. It implies a swift, perhaps superficial, acquisition.

This root primarily relates to the concept of striking or hitting, often with a hand or foot. It also extends to describe a type of dried residue, a disease affecting livestock, and a description of a person or material.

This root primarily describes the act of panting, characterized by protruding the tongue, often due to thirst, heat, or exhaustion. It extends to describe a state of extreme thirst or fatigue, and metaphorically, a state of helplessness or being overwhelmed.

The root 'ليث' primarily relates to concepts of strength, power, and ferocity, most famously associated with the lion. It extends to describe intense qualities in humans, specific animals like a type of spider, and even natural phenomena like plants and terrain exhibiting mixed colors or resilience.

This root appears to be related to the concept of urging, pushing, or inciting someone or something forward. It implies a forceful encouragement or a strong impetus to act or move.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of staying, remaining, waiting, and tarrying. It encompasses notions of patience, deliberation, and a slow, unhurried pace. Derived terms often describe someone who is steady, resolute, and not prone to haste.

This root primarily concerns the act of making a promise or offering something with no intention of fulfilling it. It also describes the ambiguous, mixed state of light and darkness, particularly during twilight and dawn.

This root primarily concerns the act of mixing, dissolving, or blending something into a liquid. It describes the process of immersing and stirring an object in water until it disintegrates or becomes thoroughly mixed.

This root primarily describes slowness and delay. It is used to denote a slow pace of movement or a person who is slow to act. The derived terms emphasize a lack of haste or promptness.

This root primarily concerns the act of extracting or excavating something, particularly earth or soil from a well or river. It also extends to the idea of uncovering, revealing, or stirring up things, including faults or hidden matters, and can metaphorically refer to stirring up trouble.

The root نثث primarily relates to spreading or divulging information, especially secrets. It also extends to the idea of something oozing or seeping, like fat from meat or liquid from a container, and metaphorically to a person who is excessively sweaty or greasy.

The root نجث (najatha) primarily relates to the act of extracting, digging out, or bringing something forth, often with a connotation of effort or thoroughness. It extends to uncovering secrets, investigating matters, and even the physical act of excavating earth. Figuratively, it can mean to incite or lead astray, and also refers to the result or outcome of an effort.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being thin or emaciated, possibly as a result of illness or hardship. It is presented as a variant spelling of another root.

This root appears to relate to the concept of advancing or putting forth something, particularly in the context of wealth or resources. It suggests an act of offering, presenting, or investing.

This root primarily denotes persistent, severe evil, hardship, or distress. It is used to describe a dire and difficult situation.

The root نفث (nafatha) primarily relates to the act of spitting or expelling something from the mouth, often with a slight puff of air, but less than full saliva. It extends to metaphorical meanings of divine inspiration, the expulsion of poison or blood, and even the subtle, rhythmic nature of poetry.

The root نقث (naqatha) primarily relates to the concept of speed and rapid movement. It also extends to meanings of digging, excavating, extracting, and even conveying gossip or seeking favor.

The root نكث (nakatha) primarily deals with the concept of breaking, undoing, or violating something that was previously established, tied, or agreed upon. This includes breaking oaths, covenants, or even unraveling woven threads. It can also extend to the idea of exhausting or reaching the limit of one's strength or capacity.

This root appears to relate to a concept of foolishness or lack of intelligence. The primary derived term signifies a state of being foolish or simple-minded.

This root pertains to the act of scattering, dispersing, or squandering something, particularly wealth. It implies a lack of control or purpose in the distribution of resources.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of mixing, confusion, and disorder. It extends to meanings of corruption, injustice, and rapid, chaotic action, particularly in the context of weather and speech.

This root primarily relates to the act of rubbing, grinding, or pulverizing something, often to a fine state. It can also extend to the idea of wearing down or becoming worn out through friction or use.

This root primarily denotes a large, noisy group of people. It can also refer to the lower strata or the common folk within a group.

This root appears to relate to concepts of foolishness or slowness, and also to a specific type of date fruit.

This root appears to relate to severe, mixed, or confusing matters and events, often described as calamities or difficult situations. It can also refer to the mixing or confusion of speech.

This root appears to relate to causing destruction or ruin upon someone, often in a complete or devastating manner. It implies a thorough downfall or annihilation.

This root primarily concerns actions related to mixing, disturbing, or handling things roughly. It extends to concepts of spoiling, taking without gentleness, and also to giving or receiving small amounts. It can also refer to movement, crowds, and contention.

This root primarily denotes weakness, inability, and feebleness. It describes a state of being frail or incapable, often in a physical or general sense.

This root primarily concerns the act of striking or crushing forcefully, often with the feet or a heavy object. It implies breaking or pulverizing something through intense pressure or impact.

The root 'وعث' primarily describes soft, yielding, or sinking ground, particularly sand or loose earth where feet or hooves can sink. It extends metaphorically to hardship, difficulty, and even corruption or mixing.

This root primarily relates to hastening, particularly in the context of eating or a meal. It describes the act of rushing to eat or consuming something quickly to reach a meal.