Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)
5,612 root entries translated · page 69 of 113
- قصف11 lemmassihah_003400
The root قصف (qaṣafa) primarily denotes breaking, shattering, or intense sound and force. It extends to concepts of destruction, loud noises, and also to rapid movement, falling apart, and even boisterous play or a camel's loud cry.
قَصَفَ — breakingالقَصْفُ — breakingقاصِف — a violent windقَصِيفًا — crashing soundالقَصِيفُ — shattering trees - قضف5 lemmassihah_003401
This root primarily relates to the concept of thinness, slenderness, and delicate build. It describes something or someone that is fine, slender, and lacking in bulk or robustness.
القَضْف — thinnessقَضِفَ — thinness, slendernessقَضَافَةً — slendernessقَضِيف — thin, slenderقِضَاف — slender ones - قطف15 lemmassihah_003402
This root primarily concerns the act of plucking or picking, especially fruits like grapes. It extends to related concepts such as the bunch of grapes, the season for harvesting, and things that fall during picking. It also has figurative uses related to slowness or roughness.
قَطَفَ — he picked the grapesقَطْف — he picked the grapesقِطْف — he picked the grapesقُطُوف — bunches (of fruit)قِطَاف — time of picking - قعف9 lemmassihah_003403
This root primarily relates to the concepts of uprooting, tearing away, and intense, destructive forces. It describes severe rain that uproots plants and objects being pulled out from their foundations.
قَعَاف — destructive floodقَحَاف — torrential rainقَاعِف — heavy rainقَحِف — emptying a vesselقَعَفَ — uproot - قفف12 lemmassihah_003404
This root primarily concerns the concept of dryness, rigidity, and becoming shrunken or withered. It extends to physical states like dryness in plants and animals, as well as metaphorical states of being shriveled or stiffened, and even actions related to theft and egg incubation.
قَفَّ — his hair stood on end from frightقُفُوفًا — drynessقَفِيف — drynessالقَفَّاف — pickpocketقَفَّ — his hair stood on end from fright - قلف11 lemmassihah_003405
This root primarily concerns the concept of covering, removing a covering, or being covered. It is most notably used to describe the foreskin and the act of circumcision, but also extends to peeling bark, sealing jars, caulking ships, and the date cluster.
أَقْلَف — uncircumcisedقَلَف — he cut itقُلْفَة — foreskinقَلَفَ — he cut itقَلَفَها — he circumcised it - قنف7 lemmassihah_003406
This root primarily describes physical characteristics, particularly of animals and people, such as the color of a horse's hindquarters, the size and shape of ears, or the size of a nose. It also extends to abstract concepts like portions of the night or abundant clouds.
الأقنف — white-hindquarteredالقنيف — groups of peopleمرقنيف — piece of the nightالقنف — small, thick earsأقنف — small-eared - قوف9 lemmassihah_003407
This root primarily relates to the concept of following, tracing, or discerning something, particularly tracks or paths. It extends to the idea of knowing or recognizing something through such tracing, and metaphorically to encompassing or surrounding.
قَوْف — top, upper partقَاف — a mountain surrounding the earthقَائِف — one who knows tracksقَافَة — plural of qa'ifقَافَ — a mountain surrounding the earth - كتف13 lemmassihah_003408
This root primarily relates to the shoulder, both the anatomical part of the body and its metaphorical extensions. It also encompasses concepts of breadth, binding, and specific types of movement or conditions.
الكَتِف — the sideالأَكْتَاف — shouldersأَكْتَف — broad-shoulderedالكَتِيفَة — door boltالكَتِيفَان — young locusts - كثف4 lemmassihah_003409
This root primarily concerns the concept of density, thickness, and abundance. It describes things becoming dense, thick, or concentrated, and the state of being dense or thick.
كَثَافَة — thickness, densityكَثُفَ — to become denseكَثِيف — thick, denseتَكَثَّفَ — to condense - كرف5 lemmassihah_003410
This root primarily describes a specific action of a donkey related to smelling and reacting to a female donkey's urine. It also pertains to the basal parts of a date palm's trunk after the fronds have been cut.
كَرَفَ — to sniff and reactالكُرْناف — palm trunk baseالكَرَب — and likewise 'al-karb'.كُرْنافَة — the singular formكَرَانِيف — bases of palm trunks - كرسف2 lemmassihah_003411
This root primarily relates to cotton and its processed forms. It encompasses the raw material, its use in writing implements, and by extension, any soft, absorbent material.
الكُرْسُف — cottonكُرْسُف الدواة — inkwell cotton - كسف9 lemmassihah_003412
This root primarily concerns the concept of breaking, cutting, or obscuring something, often related to light or physical objects. It extends to meanings of sadness, gloominess, and a poor state of affairs.
كَسَفَ — plural of كسفةكَسْف — plural of كسفةكَسْفَة — pieceكَسُوف — obscurationتَكْسِيف — cutting up - كشف10 lemmassihah_003413
The root كشف (k-sh-f) primarily relates to the act of uncovering, revealing, or exposing something hidden. It extends to concepts of making something manifest, whether it be a physical object, a truth, or even an enemy's intentions. The root also encompasses related ideas like disclosure, revelation, and the state of being exposed.
كَشَفَ — revealed the thing (from the verb class of ضَرَبَ)انْكَشَفَ — it was revealedتَكَشَّفَ — it became revealedكَاشَفَهُ — he showed him hostility: he initiated it with himالكُشُوف — pregnant camel - كفف21 lemmassihah_003414
This root primarily concerns the concept of stopping, preventing, or holding back. It extends to meanings of sufficiency, containment, and even blindness, often through the idea of something being held or enclosed.
الكُفّ — one of the handsكُفَّة — the pan of the scale, with kasra or fatḥa on the kāfكِفَاحًا — face to faceكُفُوف — hemsكَفَف — plural of كفة - كلف10 lemmassihah_003415
This root primarily concerns a reddish-brown or dark hue, often on the face or coat of an animal, and by extension, a state of being smitten or overly concerned with something. It also extends to the effort or burden involved in undertaking a difficult task.
الكَلَف — something that appears on the face like sesame seedsأَكْلَف — a man with kulfah (dull redness)كَلِفَ — he became infatuated with itكَلِفْتُ — I became smitten withكَلَّفَ — he became infatuated with it - كنف15 lemmassihah_003416
The root كنف (k-n-f) primarily relates to concepts of protection, support, sides, and enclosure. It encompasses actions of sheltering, assisting, and surrounding, as well as physical aspects like wings, flanks, and protective coverings.
كَنَفَ — to shelter, protectأَكْنَفَ — to assist, helpمُكَانَفَة — mutual assistanceكَنَف — side, flankكَنَفَا الطَّائِر — bird's wings - كوف6 lemmassihah_003417
This root primarily relates to the city of Kufa and concepts associated with it, such as going there, being in a protected place, or being in a state of confusion or difficulty. It also extends to the concept of circularity and resemblance.
الكوفة — the red sand duneكوفان — Kufanكوفت — to go to Kufaتكويفا — to go to Kufaتكوف — to become circular - كهف3 lemmassihah_003418
This root primarily relates to the concept of a cave or hollowed-out space, often in a mountain. It extends metaphorically to mean a place of refuge, shelter, or protection.
الْكَهْف — like a house carved into the mountainكُهُوف — plural of kahfكَهْف — refuge - كيف2 lemmassihah_003419
This root primarily concerns interrogative particles used to inquire about states, conditions, or manner. It can also express astonishment or be used conditionally when combined with 'ma'.
كَيْفَ — an indefinite, indeclinable nounكَيْفَمَا — a conditional particle - لجف6 lemmassihah_003420
This root primarily concerns the concept of digging or excavating, particularly in the sides of a well. It also extends to describe a depression or hollow, whether in the ground or a valley floor.
اللَّجَف — valley floorلَجَفَ — to dig into the sidesتَلْجِيفًا — excavation of sidesلَجَفَ — to collapse inwardsتَلَجَّفَ — to collapse inwards - لحف13 lemmassihah_003421
This root primarily concerns the act of covering or enveloping oneself or something else. It extends to the item used for covering, such as a blanket or quilt, and also encompasses the idea of persistence or insistence, particularly in the context of begging.
التحفت — covered oneselfالتحف — he covered himself with itلحاف — quilt, blanketلحفت — covered (someone)ألحف — the beggar: he insisted - لخف3 lemmassihah_003422
This root primarily relates to thin, flat objects, particularly stones, and also encompasses meanings related to light, thin foam or froth, and a severe blow.
اللَّخَاف — thin white stonesلَخْفَة — its singular is likhfa, on the pattern of ṣaḥfaاللَّخْف — thin foam - لصف2 lemmassihah_003423
This root appears to relate to plants, specifically growths or types of produce. It also extends to a place name and a specific type of date.
اللَّصْف — growth on cucumber rootsلِصَاف — place name - لطف9 lemmassihah_003424
This root primarily concerns gentleness, kindness, and subtlety. It extends to concepts of smallness, divine favor, and delicate actions, including specific, albeit unusual, sexual connotations.
لَطُفَ — meaning, it became smallلَطَافَة — smallnessلَطِيف — so it is subtle/gentleلُطْف — meaning, it became smallأَلْطَفَ — to be kind to - لفف22 lemmassihah_003425
This root primarily concerns the concept of wrapping, folding, or coiling things together. It extends to meanings of gathering, mixing, and abundance, as well as physical attributes like being stout or slow.
لَفَّ — he wrapped the thingلَفٌّ — he wrapped the thingتَلَفَّفَ — he wrapped himself in his garmentالْتَفَّ — he wrapped himself with his garmentالتِفَاف — abundance, density - لقف9 lemmassihah_003426
This root primarily concerns the act of quickly taking or receiving something, often with skill or agility. It extends to concepts of collapse, falling, and the sides or edges of structures like wells and basins.
لَقِفَ — he caught the thingلَقْف — he caught the thingتَلَقَّفَ — meaning, he took it quicklyثَقِيفٌ لَقِيفٌ — agile and sharpلَفَّ — he wrapped the thing - لهف9 lemmassihah_003427
This root primarily concerns feelings of regret, sorrow, and distress, often stemming from loss or injustice. It describes the emotional state of someone lamenting what has passed or is unattainable, and extends to those in dire need or suffering.
لَهَفَ — meaning, he grievedيَلْهَفُ — to grieve and regretلَهَفًا — grief and regretالتَّلَهُّفُ — lamentingيا لَهَفَ فلان — Oh, the regret of so-and-so! - ليف2 lemmassihah_003428
This root primarily concerns the fibrous material found in plants, particularly palm trees. It refers to the coarse, stringy substance used for various purposes.
لِيف — Palm fiberلِيفَة — the singular is lifa - نءف4 lemmassihah_003429
This root primarily relates to the act of eating or consuming food, specifically to the point of satisfaction or satiety. It can also extend to the concept of drinking to the point of being fully quenched.
نَئِفَ — it is said 'ten and some', 'a hundred and some'. Everything that exceeds a decade is 'nayf' until it reaches the next decadeنَأْفًا — eatingأَنْأَفُ — plural of anfنَئِفَ — it is said 'ten and some', 'a hundred and some'. Everything that exceeds a decade is 'nayf' until it reaches the next decade - نتف9 lemmassihah_003430
This root primarily concerns the act of plucking, pulling out, or detaching small pieces of something. It extends to describing someone who acquires knowledge superficially and to things that have fallen off or been plucked.
نَتَفَ — to pluck outنَتْفًا — pluckingانْتَتَفَ — to be plucked outتَنَاتَفَ — to pluck each otherمِنْتَاف — plucked thing - نجف10 lemmassihah_003431
This root primarily describes elevated, dry ground, particularly a place that water does not reach. It extends to describe parts of objects like the threshold of a door, the broad tip of an arrow, and the base of a sand dune. It also relates to the act of extracting or drawing out, and a specific sexual practice of a male goat.
النَّجَف — Elevated dry groundالنَّجَفَة — Elevated dry groundنَجَاف — Thresholdنَجِيف — Broad-tipped (arrow)نَجَفْتُ — To make broad-tipped - نحف4 lemmassihah_003432
This root primarily concerns the concept of thinness, leanness, and emaciation. It describes a state of being physically reduced or worn down, often due to illness or hardship.
النَّحَافَة — leanness, emaciationنَحُفَ — To become thinنَجِيف — Emaciatedأَنْحَفَ — To make thin - ندف5 lemmassihah_003433
This root primarily relates to the act of plucking, fluffing, or separating fibers, especially from cotton. It extends to descriptions of rapid movement, like a horse's gait, and the falling of snow.
نَدَفَ — he carded the cotton, meaning he beat it with the carding toolالمندف — cotton carderمندوف — plucked, fluffedندف — he carded the cotton, meaning he beat it with the carding toolالنذيف — plucked cotton - نزف19 lemmassihah_003434
This root primarily concerns the depletion or exhaustion of something, most commonly liquid like water or blood. It extends to the depletion of strength, arguments, or even consciousness, often implying a state of weakness or loss.
نزف — he drained all the water from the wellنزفا — depletionنزح — he drew all its waterأنزف — the people ran out of waterنزفت — to be depleted - نسف15 lemmassihah_003435
The root 'nasafa' (نسف) primarily denotes the act of uprooting, tearing out, or pulling something from its foundation. This can apply to physical objects like buildings or plants, as well as abstract concepts like speech or color.
نَسَفَ — he uprooted itنَسْفًا — uprootingنَسَفَ البعيرُ الكلأَ — camel uproots fodderانْتَسَفَ — to uprootنَسِيف — mark of a donkey's kick - نشف9 lemmassihah_003436
This root primarily relates to the concept of drying, absorbing, or soaking up liquids. It extends to describe the state of something being dry or absorbent, and also refers to specific types of stones and foam.
نَشِفَ — it absorbed itنَشَفَ — it absorbed itنَشْف — it absorbed itنَشِفَة — absorbentنَشْف — it absorbed it - نصف26 lemmassihah_003437
The root 'نصف' (n-ṣ-f) primarily denotes the concept of 'half' or 'middle'. It extends to related ideas such as fairness, service, and reaching a midpoint, both literally and figuratively.
النِّصْف — halfنِصْف — one half of somethingنِصْفَان — half-fullالنَّصِيف — veilنَصِيف — the half - نضف3 lemmassihah_003438
This root primarily relates to the act of consuming or ingesting, particularly milk from a mother's udder. It can also extend to the idea of taking or possessing something.
اِنْتَضَفَ — to suckleنَضَفَ — to suckleنَضْفًا — suckling - نطف17 lemmassihah_003439
The root نطف (n-t-f) primarily relates to the concept of pure, clear liquid, especially water or semen. It extends to meanings of flowing, dripping, and also to metaphorical senses of being stained by blame or defect, and even to a specific type of wound.
النُطْفَة — pure waterالنُطَاف — pure watersنُطَف — plural of nutfahالناطف — a type of garmentنَطَفَ — plural of nutfah - نظف7 lemmassihah_003440
This root primarily concerns the concept of cleanliness, purity, and being free from dirt or defect. It extends to the act of cleaning, the state of being clean, and even the idea of taking something entirely.
النظافة — Cleanlinessنَظُفَ — the thing became cleanنَظِيف — it is cleanنَظَّفَ — the thing became cleanتَنْظِيف — cleaning - نعف5 lemmassihah_003441
This root primarily describes a topographical feature, specifically the sloping, rugged terrain between a mountain's descent and a valley's flood plain. It also extends to concepts of leaving something behind, encountering or opposing something, and a specific part of a camel's saddle.
النَعْف — mountain slopeنِعاف — slopesانْتَعَفْتُ — I left itناعَفْتُ — I opposed the roadالنَّعْفَة — saddle strap - نغف2 lemmassihah_003442
This root primarily concerns a specific type of worm or maggot, particularly those found in animals or decaying matter. It can also refer to a destructive infestation or plague.
النَّغَف — maggot/wormنَغْفَة — the singular is naghafah - نفف1 lemmasihah_003443
This root primarily relates to open spaces, particularly those between elevated landforms, and the air or atmosphere within them. It can also refer to the act of breathing or exhaling.
النَّفْنَف — the air - نقف11 lemmassihah_003444
The root 'نقف' primarily relates to the act of breaking, cracking, or extracting something, often with a sense of removing an inner part. This includes breaking open a skull, splitting a fruit, or extracting marrow, and extends metaphorically to actions of rapid movement or prolific reproduction.
نَقَفَ — to break openنَاقَفَ — to break open (skull)مُنَاقَفَة — skull-breakingنِقَاف — skull-breakingنَقَفَ — to split open - نكف19 lemmassihah_003445
This root primarily relates to small growths or swellings, particularly on animals, and also extends to concepts of cutting off, stopping, or turning away from something. It can also refer to a specific location or historical event.
النَّكْفَة — glandنَكِفَت — to have glandsمُنْكَفَة — glandularالنَّكَفَتَان — jaw glandsالنُّكَاف — swelling - نوف7 lemmassihah_003446
This root primarily relates to height, elevation, and prominence. It is used to describe the hump of a camel, the concept of something being tall or elevated, and also appears in proper names.
النَّوْف — Camel's humpأَنْوَاف — Humpsنافَ — To be tallيَنُوف — To be tallتنوف — Tanūf - نيف6 lemmassihah_003447
This root primarily concerns the concept of increase, excess, or going beyond a certain limit. It extends to notions of height and prominence, both literally and figuratively.
النَّيْف — the increase/excessنَافَ — to exceed, to increaseنَيَّفَ — it is said 'ten and some', 'a hundred and some'. Everything that exceeds a decade is 'nayf' until it reaches the next decadeنَيِّف — it is said 'ten and some', 'a hundred and some'. Everything that exceeds a decade is 'nayf' until it reaches the next decadeنَيَّاف — tall, lofty - وجف6 lemmassihah_003448
This root primarily concerns the concept of rapid movement, agitation, or trembling. It is often applied to the heart becoming agitated or to the swift pace of animals like camels and horses.
وَجَفَ — the thing trembles with a kasra, a 'wajif': it shookوَاجِف — a trembling heartالوُجِيف — a type of gait of camels and horsesوَجَفَ — the thing trembles with a kasra, a 'wajif': it shookأَوْجَفَ — its owner made it tremble - وحف15 lemmassihah_003449
This root primarily describes abundance, lushness, and thickness, particularly in relation to vegetation, hair, and feathers. It can also denote hardness or density, such as in rocky ground or a solid object, and in some contexts, it refers to a state of being thin or worn out.
وَحْف — abundant, lushوَاحِف — abundant, plentifulوَحِف — abundant, lush (hair)وَحُفَ — to be abundant (hair)الوُحُوفَة — abundance, lushness