Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)
5,612 root entries translated · page 4 of 113
- نتء5 lemmassihah_000151
This root primarily concerns the concept of protruding, rising, or emerging from a place. It describes physical elevation, swelling, and also metaphorical advancement or appearance.
نَتَأَ — to protrude, bulgeنَتْءٌ — protrusion, bulgeنُتُوءٌ — protrusion, bulgeنَاتِئٌ — protruding, bulgingيَنْتَأُ — it protrudes, it bulges - نجء7 lemmassihah_000152
This root primarily concerns the concept of the evil eye, specifically the act of casting a malevolent gaze upon something or someone. It also extends to the idea of intensely looking at something, particularly with desire or envy, and the act of repelling such a gaze.
نَجَأَ — to strike with the evil eyeنَجْء — evil eyeتَنْجَأَ — to strike with the evil eyeتَعَيَّنَ — the man acquired the money by seeing itنَجُوء — evil-eyed - ندء5 lemmassihah_000153
This root primarily relates to the act of burying something, especially food, in hot ashes or embers to cook it. It also extends to meanings of aversion, abundance, and the phenomenon of a rainbow.
نَدَأَ — he was generousنَدْءًا — burying in ashesالنَّدِيء — cooked foodالنَّدَاة — abundance of wealthالنَّدْأَة — abundance of wealth - نزء0 lemmassihah_000154
- نسء17 lemmassihah_000155
This root primarily concerns the concept of delaying, postponing, or deferring something. It extends to meanings of driving animals, the initial stage of fattening livestock, and the delay of a woman's menstrual cycle indicating pregnancy. It also encompasses the idea of making something last longer or increasing it.
نَسَأَ — to drive (an animal)تَنْسِئَة — to drive (an animal)تَنْسَأُ — to be delayed (menstruation)مِنْسَأة — staff, stickمِنْسَاة — staff, stick - نشء14 lemmassihah_000156
This root primarily concerns the concepts of creation, origination, beginning, and growth. It extends to the idea of something newly formed or emerging, whether in a physical, temporal, or developmental sense. It also covers the act of initiating or fabricating, particularly in speech.
أَنْشَأَ — he beganنَشْأَة — creationنِشَاءَة — creationنَاشِئ — adolescentنَاشِئَة — adolescent (female) - نصء3 lemmassihah_000157
This root primarily relates to the act of lifting or raising something. It can also extend to the meaning of urging or driving an animal forward.
نَصَأَ — to liftنَصْء — liftingنَصِيَتَ — to lift - نفء2 lemmassihah_000158
This root appears to relate to the concept of something being scattered, separated, or a small portion of a larger whole, particularly in the context of plants or vegetation.
النَّفْأَة — a single piece of vegetationالنَّفَإ — scattered vegetation - نكء6 lemmassihah_000159
This root primarily concerns the act of opening, picking at, or irritating a wound or sore. It extends to metaphorically 'opening' or causing pain to emotional wounds, and also relates to a state of well-being or prosperity.
نَكَأَ — to pick at a soreأَنْكَأَ — to cause to pick at a soreنَكْء — picking a soreمُنْكَأ — woundتَنْكُؤُ — you (m. sg.) pick at - نهء9 lemmassihah_000160
This root primarily concerns the state of food, particularly meat, being undercooked or not properly cooked. It describes the quality of being raw or insufficiently tender due to lack of cooking.
نَهَئَ — prohibition, the opposite of commandيَنْهَأُ — to be undercookedنَهْأً — undercookednessنَهَاءَةً — undercookednessنَهُوءَةً — undercookedness - نوء20 lemmassihah_000161
This root primarily concerns the concept of bearing a burden with difficulty, whether physical or metaphorical. It also extends to the astronomical phenomenon of star risings and settings, and by extension, the attribution of weather events to these celestial movements. Finally, it encompasses notions of enmity and distance.
ناءَ يَنُوءُ — to bear with difficultyنوءاً — effortful risingناءَ بالحملِ — he rose with it heavily ladenناءَ بهِ الحملُ — the load burdened himتنوءُ بها عجيزتها — her backside weighed her down - وبء18 lemmassihah_000162
This root primarily concerns widespread disease and pestilence affecting a land or population. It also extends to the concept of finding a place to be diseased and, in a distinct semantic shift, to making a gesture or signal.
الوبأ — Epidemic, plagueأوباء — Epidemics, plaguesأوبئة — Epidemics, plaguesوبِئَتْ — Became diseasedتوبَؤُ — To become diseased - وثء4 lemmassihah_000163
This root pertains to injuries affecting bones and joints, specifically sprains or strains that cause pain and immobility without breaking the bone. It describes the condition of being sprained and the act of causing such an injury.
وَثِئَ — to be sprainedوَثْء — sprain, strainمَوْثُوءَة — sprainedوَثَأْتُهَا — I sprained it - وجء6 lemmassihah_000164
This root primarily concerns the concept of striking, crushing, or damaging, often with a sharp object or through forceful impact. It extends to describe specific types of food preparations involving crushing and mixing, and metaphorically to the act of castration or hindering procreation.
الوِجْأَة — crushed locust dishالوِجِيْئَة — crushed date pasteوَجَأَ — to strikeمَوْجُوء — castratedالْوِجَاء — crushing the veins of the testicles until they burst, resembling castration - ودء7 lemmassihah_000165
This root primarily concerns destruction, perishing, and ruin. It can also refer to the act of leveling or covering something with earth, often in the context of burial or making something inaccessible.
تودأ — to be destroyedودا — with damma and fathaتودئة — destructionمودأة — destructionودأت — to level earth upon - وذء5 lemmassihah_000166
This root primarily concerns the act of criticizing, belittling, or finding fault with someone. It also extends to the concept of reprimanding or deterring someone, and their subsequent compliance.
وَاذَأَ — to criticize, belittleوَذْءًا — criticism, belittlingوَذَأْتُهُ — I reprimanded himتَوَاذَأَ — he was deterred, he compliedاِتَّذَأَ — he was deterred, he complied - وزء9 lemmassihah_000167
This root primarily relates to the concepts of drying, hardening, and filling. It extends to meanings of being robust or strong in build, and also to the act of overwhelming or causing someone to fall.
وزأت — to dry outوزءا — dryingالوزأ — robust buildوزأت — to overwhelmتوزئة — overwhelming - وضء8 lemmassihah_000168
This root primarily concerns beauty, comeliness, and cleanliness, particularly in the context of ritual purity. It extends to the act of performing ablution and the water used for it, as well as the concept of being beautiful or handsome.
الوضاءة — beauty and cleanlinessوضيء — Comely, handsome, beautifulتوضأ — To perform ablutionالوضوء — the water (used for ablution)وضوء — Ablution (ritual) - وطء25 lemmassihah_000169
This root primarily concerns the act of stepping, treading, or pressing with the foot. It extends to concepts of physical contact, sexual intercourse, and the resulting impression or state. It also encompasses agreement and conformity, as well as poetic devices.
وَطِئَ — he trod his wifeوَطْء — treadingيَطَأُ — to tread uponتَوَطَّأَهُ — to tread uponالْوَاطِئَة — passers-by - وكء8 lemmassihah_000170
This root primarily concerns the act of leaning on something for support, or reclining. It extends to the object used for leaning, the state of being in a reclining position, and the action of causing someone to lean or recline.
تَكِئَة — supportاِتَّكَأَ — to lean onمُتَّكِئ — one who leansمُتَّكَأ — a kind of fruit (citron)أَتْكَأَ — to cause to lean - ومء6 lemmassihah_000171
This root primarily concerns the act of signaling or indicating, often through subtle gestures like nodding or winking. It also extends to meanings of falling into a predicament or a state of confusion.
أومأ — to signalإيماء — signalingومأ — I gestured to him: I pointedومأ — I gestured to him: I pointedوامئة — predicament - هءهء8 lemmassihah_000172
This root pertains to the sounds made when calling animals, specifically camels, for food or drink. It encompasses the vocalizations used to summon them and the resulting nouns for these calls.
هَأْهَأْتُ — to call camelsهَأْهَأَ — to call camelsهَأْهَأُ — to call camelsجَأْجَأْتُ — when I called them to drinkجَأْجَأَ — this is its chest - هتء4 lemmassihah_000173
This root primarily describes the process of a garment becoming worn out, torn, and decayed. It conveys a sense of deterioration and falling apart, specifically related to fabric.
تَهَتَّأَ — to become worn outتَهَتُّؤٌ — wearing outتَهَمَّأَ — to become worn outتَهَمُّؤٌ — wearing out - هجء3 lemmassihah_000174
This root primarily relates to the concept of cutting, dividing, or separating things, particularly food. It can also extend to meanings of being settled or residing in a place.
هَجَأَ — to settleأَهْجَأَ — to cut foodمُهَجَّأ — cut up - هدء12 lemmassihah_000175
This root primarily concerns the concept of stillness, quietness, and calmness. It extends to the act of causing something to become still, particularly a child to sleep, and also describes a physical posture of being hunched.
هدأ — he became stillهدءا — stillnessهدوءا — calmnessأهدأه — he quieted himإهداء — lulling to sleep - هذء3 lemmassihah_000176
This root primarily denotes the act of cutting, severing, or breaking something into pieces. It can also describe a state of decay or corruption, particularly when referring to wounds.
هَذَأَ — this is Zaydهَذْءًا — cuttingتَهَذَّأَ — to decay - هرء16 lemmassihah_000177
The root 'هرء' primarily relates to causing harm, damage, or death, often through intense cold or harsh conditions. It also extends to concepts of excessive or nonsensical speech, and the thorough cooking of meat.
هَرِيئة — harmfulهرأه — he cooked it well, similar to the aboveهرء — harmهرِئَ — tender meatمهرؤون — severely affected by cold - هزء11 lemmassihah_000178
This root primarily concerns the act of mocking, ridiculing, or making fun of someone or something. It encompasses various forms of derision, both as an action and as a characteristic of a person.
الهزء — Mockeryالهزؤ — Mockeryهزئت منه — to mock him/itهزئت به — to mock him/itاستهزأت به — to mock him/it - همء2 lemmassihah_000179
This root pertains to the deterioration and tearing of fabric, indicating a state of being worn out, tattered, or falling apart. It describes the process of a garment becoming unusable due to wear and tear.
تَهَمَّأَ — to be worn outتَهَتَّأَ — to be worn out - هنء10 lemmassihah_000180
This root primarily concerns the concept of something being pleasant, enjoyable, or beneficial, especially food. It also extends to acquiring something easily or without effort, and a specific application related to marking camels.
هَنُؤَ — the food became wholesomeهَنِئَ — also, with kasraهَنَأَ — and 'hahuna' are for proximity when you point to a placeهَنَاءَة — pleasantnessهَنِيء — the food was wholesome, with kasra - هوء16 lemmassihah_000181
This root primarily concerns concepts of ambition, aspiration, and elevated purpose. It also extends to meanings related to giving and taking, and the vastness of a desert.
الهوء — ambitionهاء — meaning: here you are (masculine singular)يهوء — to aspireهؤت — to judge well ofالمهوأن — vast desert - هيء7 lemmassihah_000182
This root primarily concerns readiness, preparation, and appearance. It encompasses the state of being prepared for something, the act of preparing or making something ready, and the outward presentation or form of a person or thing.
ياهئ — alasهَأْ — a particle of warning/attention, and it is a substitute for what 'ayy' used to be annexed toهيئة — appearanceهَيَّأَ — he prepared the matter, he prepared it, preparationتَهَيَّأَ — to prepare oneself - يءيء3 lemmassihah_000183
This root appears to be related to a specific type of bird of prey. The primary lemma describes this bird and its plural forms, with some discussion of its usage in poetry.
اليؤيؤ — bird of preyاليآيئ — birds of preyاليآيى — birds of prey - يرنء1 lemmasihah_000184
This root appears to relate to a specific type of plant or dye, possibly resembling henna in color or application. The primary derived term refers to this plant or its color.
اليرنأ — Henna-like plant/dye - ءبب7 lemmassihah_000185
This root primarily relates to concepts of pasture, sustenance, and preparation for departure. It encompasses meanings of grazing land, provisions, and the act of getting ready to travel.
الأَبُ — Pastureأَبًا — Provisionsيُؤَبُّ — To prepare for departureأَبَا — Preparation for departureأَبَابًا — Preparation for departure - ءتب5 lemmassihah_000186
This root primarily concerns a type of garment worn around the neck and shoulders, and the act of wearing or dressing someone in it. It also extends to the metaphorical sense of carrying something on one's back.
الإتب — garmentأتوب — garmentsأَتَبَ — to dress (someone)تَأَتَّبَ — to wear (a garment)تَأَتَّبَ — to carry on the back - ءدب7 lemmassihah_000187
This root primarily concerns refinement, education, and good manners. It extends to the act of teaching, learning, and cultivating good character, as well as the resulting state of being well-mannered or educated.
الأَدَب — good mannersأَدَبَ — he became well-mannered, politenessأَدَّبَ — he became well-mannered, politenessأَدِيب — well-mannered, culturedتَأَدَّبَ — to behave well - ءرب26 lemmassihah_000188
This root primarily concerns the concept of parts of the body, but extends to encompass intelligence, need, intensity, and skill. It also touches upon concepts of completion and firmness.
الإِرْب — limb, body partآراب — its plural is 'ārāb' with the 'alif' after the first letterمُسْتَأْرِب — indebtedالإِرْب — intelligence, shrewdnessأَرِبَ — limb, member (of the body) - ءزب6 lemmassihah_000189
This root appears to relate to the concept of a channel or conduit, particularly for water. It also extends to describe negative personal attributes like baseness and shortness, and in a specific context, denotes shrewdness or cunning.
المئزاب — Gutter, spoutالمزراب — Gutter, spoutالمآزيب — Gutters, spoutsالازب — Base, ignobleإزب — Shrewd, cunning - ءسب2 lemmassihah_000190
This root appears to relate to specific types of hair or growth, with a potential connection to vegetation. One derived term refers to pubic hair, possibly originating from a word for plants.
الاسب — pubic hairالوسب — vegetation - ءشب13 lemmassihah_000191
This root primarily concerns the concept of mixing, mingling, and intermingling. It extends to ideas of confusion, entanglement, and even criticism or blame, often in the context of social interactions or lineage.
أشبه — he resembled so-and-soيأشبه — resemblesأشبا — blame, criticismأشبت — to mix, mingleالأشابة — mixed people - ءلب11 lemmassihah_000192
This root primarily concerns the concept of gathering, collecting, and bringing things together. It extends to the idea of people assembling or uniting, and also includes related concepts like inciting or urging someone to action. A specific plant is also named by this root.
أَلَبَ — he stayed in the place and adhered to itيَأْلِبُ — to gather, collectأَلْبًا — gathering, collectionأَلَبْتُ — to assembleتَأَلَّبُوا — to gather, assemble - ءنب3 lemmassihah_000193
This root primarily relates to the act of reprimanding, admonishing, or scolding someone. It also extends to a state of not desiring food, possibly as a consequence of being reprimanded or a related emotional state.
أَنَبَ — to reprimandتَأْنِيبًا — reprimandمُؤْتَنِبًا — not desiring food - ءوب18 lemmassihah_000194
This root primarily concerns the concept of returning, coming back, or going. It extends to notions of direction, time, and movement, including specific types of travel and the act of visiting.
آبَ — with kasra, in the dialect of Ḥimyar, meaning 'sit down'يَؤُوبُ — to returnأَوْبًا — returningأَوْبَةً — returnإِيَابًا — returning - ءهب4 lemmassihah_000195
This root primarily concerns readiness, preparation, and equipment. It extends to the concept of skin or hide, particularly before tanning, and its plural forms.
تَأَهَّبَ — he prepared himself, he got readyأُهْبَة — preparation for warأُهُب — hidesأَهَب — hides - ببب3 lemmassihah_000196
This root appears to relate to concepts of foolishness, heaviness, and a specific name or title. It is used to describe a dull or foolish person, and also appears as a proper name for individuals and a female slave. Additionally, it signifies equality or uniformity.
بَبَّه — foolish, dull personبَبَّة — name of a female slaveبَبَّان — one entity, uniformity - بوب7 lemmassihah_000197
This root primarily concerns the concept of a 'door' or 'gate' and its associated meanings. It extends to the idea of categories, sections, or types, and also relates to the act of taking someone as a gatekeeper or attendant.
الباب — door, gateأبواب — doors, gatesأبوبة — pairing, matchingتبوّب — to take as a gatekeeperبواب — gatekeeper, doorkeeper - بيب1 lemmasihah_000198
This root appears to be primarily used for proper names, specifically personal names. It does not seem to have broader semantic extensions in the provided text.
بيبة — a man's name - تبب7 lemmassihah_000199
This root primarily concerns ruin, destruction, loss, and perishing. It extends to the idea of something becoming prepared or straightened out, often in a negative context of ruin.
التَّبَاب — Loss and ruinتَبَّ — To perishتَبَّتْ يَدَاهُ — may God inflict destruction and loss upon himتَبًّا لِفُلَانٍ — Ruin to so-and-soتَبَّبَ — To cause to perish - ترب25 lemmassihah_000200
This root primarily concerns 'dust' and things associated with it, including poverty, touching or being covered by dust, and things that are dusty. It also extends to concepts of equality, young animals, and anatomical terms.
التّراب — dustتُراب — and al-tawārib, al-tawarrub, al-tayrab, al-tayrāb, and al-turbāʾ with fatḥ on the tāʾ in the four – and al-turb and al-turba with ḍamm on the tāʾ in both: all mean the sameتَوْراب — dustتَوْرِب — dustتِيرِب — dust