Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of ripeness, maturity, and completion, particularly in relation to fruits, food, and even opinions. It extends to the idea of reaching a certain stage or time, such as in animal gestation.

This root primarily relates to whiteness and purity, extending to concepts of speed and fatness. It describes a pure white color, swiftness in animals (especially camels and ostriches), and plumpness in camels and people.

The root 'نفج' primarily relates to the concept of bursting forth, emerging, or swelling. It describes the sudden appearance or expansion of things, from animals escaping to physical growth or the onset of strong forces like wind or rain.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a clear, evident path or way. It extends to the act of making something clear, following a path, and also describes states of exhaustion or wear.

This root primarily concerns the concept of density, abundance, and thickness, particularly in relation to physical substances like flesh, fat, vegetation, and wealth. It describes things that are substantial, plentiful, and well-developed.

This root primarily refers to a specific location, the city of Ta'if, and its surrounding areas. It also encompasses a medicinal substance.

This root primarily relates to major veins in the neck, specifically the jugular vein. It extends metaphorically to signify reconciliation or mediation between people, and also refers to close companions or brothers.

This root primarily describes a specific gait or pace of a camel, characterized by a swift and flowing movement. It also extends to the act of causing a camel to adopt this gait.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intertwining, connecting, or being closely related. It is applied to the roots and branches of trees, familial or kinship ties, and even to physical objects that are bound or woven together.

This root primarily concerns the concept of entering, penetrating, or inserting. It extends to the act of causing entry, places of entry or concealment, and by extension, close associates or intimate circles.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intense heat, light, and radiance, particularly as emitted by fire. It extends to the idea of something being ignited, burning brightly, or glowing intensely, and can also describe the brilliance of precious stones.

This root primarily describes a type of swelling or inflammation, particularly in the udder of a camel. It also extends to figurative meanings related to heaviness of spirit and physical striking.

The root هجج primarily relates to the concept of sinking, receding, or becoming deep, often applied to eyes or valleys. It also extends to meanings of driving away, urging, or a foolish or stubborn disposition, and includes onomatopoeic sounds for herding or calling animals.

This root primarily relates to specific ways of walking, characterized by swaying or trembling. It also extends to sounds of yearning or distress, and metaphorically to the process of rain formation. A specific type of women's litter is also derived from this root.

This root primarily concerns concepts of confusion, commotion, and intense activity. It extends to meanings of excessive running, agitation, and even intoxication or exhaustion.

This root primarily deals with the concept of mixing, confusion, or disorder, particularly in movement or speech. It can describe a chaotic or jumbled state.

This root primarily relates to sounds, particularly the rumbling of thunder and the melodious sounds of singing. It also extends to musical rhythm and poetic meter, as well as the sound of a bowstring.

This root appears to relate to the concept of lightness or agility, specifically in the context of a wolf.

This root primarily deals with a specific type of fruit, the myrobalan, and its variations in pronunciation and spelling. It also touches upon linguistic discussions regarding the formation of certain loanwords.

This root appears to describe someone who is foolish, clumsy, and perhaps gluttonous. It encompasses terms for a foolish, large, and uncouth individual, with the meaning escalating to encompass all forms of evil.

This root primarily relates to small, bothersome insects, specifically a type of gnat or midge. It extends metaphorically to describe people of low character or a state of hunger, and also describes a specific action of animals drinking water.

This root primarily deals with the gait and movement of horses, specifically a particular type of horse and its manner of walking. It also refers to a specific gait.

This root describes a state of being wild, impetuous, or excessively fast, often associated with a lack of control or reason. It can apply to people, animals, or natural phenomena like wind.

This root primarily concerns the concept of agitation, arousal, and instigation, whether in a physical, emotional, or natural sense. It extends to the act of provoking conflict, the state of being stirred up, and the drying or withering of plants.

This root primarily relates to the act of coughing, often implying a dry or persistent cough. It also extends to meanings associated with intense thirst, anger, and deep-seated grief or distress.

This root primarily describes the concept of drawing back, falling behind, or being slow to act, particularly in relation to noble deeds or generosity. It can also encompass a sense of physical closeness or contraction.

This root describes sounds and actions associated with exertion, difficulty, or reluctance. It encompasses physical straining, coughing or clearing the throat, and a metaphorical 'straining' due to stinginess.

This root primarily concerns the concept of joy, happiness, and exultation. It describes the state of being pleased and the act of making someone else pleased, often with a sense of pride or boasting.

This root primarily describes a hoarseness or roughness in the voice. It also extends to concepts of being strong, established, or central, particularly in relation to a dwelling.

This root primarily concerns concepts of striking, overwhelming, or being unable to bear a burden. It also extends to meanings of openness, spaciousness, and a particular manner of walking.

This root primarily concerns the concept of splitting or tearing, particularly in the context of a physical opening or wound. It extends to the act of causing such a split, especially in a specific animal husbandry practice.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of departure, cessation, intensity, and hardship. It describes things that move away, cease to be, or cause severe distress and pain. It also extends to descriptions of land, wind, and time.

This root primarily relates to the concept of lying down, prostrating, or spreading out, often on a flat surface. It also extends to describe wide, flat areas of land, particularly those with gravel, and the spreading or widening of watercourses.

This root primarily concerns stages of date fruit development, specifically the unripe or early stages before ripening. It also extends metaphorically to meanings of exhaustion and dryness.

This root primarily relates to actions of falling or collapsing, and by extension, to states of being large, wide, or fallen into ruin. It also encompasses terms for a specific place and a type of person.

This root primarily relates to making something known, open, or permissible. It encompasses concepts of revealing secrets, allowing access, and the state of being unrestricted or lawful. It also extends to physical spaces and even specific types of fish.

This root primarily deals with the semantic field of sadness and grief, contrasting with joy. It also extends to describe a specific characteristic of camels related to their milk production.

This root primarily relates to the apple fruit. It encompasses the fruit itself, its singular form, and potentially related concepts or actions associated with it, though the provided text is very brief.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something being destined, fated, or made available. It extends to describing someone who meddles or interferes, and also describes a particular gait or manner of movement for both humans and horses, characterized by swaggering or prancing.

This root primarily relates to pregnancy and fullness, particularly in animals. It also extends to concepts of leadership and high status.

This root primarily concerns the concept of wounding, injury, and harm, both physical and metaphorical. It extends to the idea of earning or acquiring something, and also to the 'predatory' or 'earning' members of animals and humans.

This root primarily concerns the concept of giving or bestowing a portion of something, particularly wealth. It implies cutting off a part for someone, signifying a gift or a generous allocation.

The root جلح (j-l-ḥ) primarily relates to concepts of grazing, eating, and stripping away, particularly of vegetation. It also extends to descriptions of physical characteristics like receding hairlines, lack of horns, and specific types of camels or difficult years. Metaphorically, it can refer to boldness or open confrontation.

This root primarily concerns the concept of unruliness, stubbornness, and rapid, uncontrolled movement. It applies to animals, people, and even inanimate objects like arrows, signifying a lack of restraint or obedience.

The root جنح (j-n-ḥ) primarily relates to the concept of inclining, leaning, or moving towards something. It extends to meanings of approaching, sides, wings, and even moral or legal implications like sin.

This root primarily concerns the concept of complete destruction, eradication, or sweeping away. It is often associated with severe calamities that devastate property or people.

The root 'دبح' primarily relates to the physical posture of bowing or stooping low, particularly in a way that resembles an animal. It also carries connotations of submission and humility, often in a religious context.

This root primarily relates to the concept of pressing, pushing, or driving something into the ground. It also extends to meanings of expansion, particularly of the belly or the earth, and describes someone who is short and stout.