Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

The root عوج (ʿawj) primarily denotes crookedness, deviation, or bending, applicable to physical objects, abstract concepts like debt or character, and even actions. It encompasses the state of being bent, the act of bending, and things that are bent or crooked.

This root appears to describe elongated or tall features, particularly in animals like gazelles, ostriches, and female camels. It focuses on the attribute of having a long neck.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of indifference, disregard, and lack of concern towards something. It can also extend to meanings of not being satisfied, not benefiting, or not paying attention.

This root primarily relates to the concept of running with a specific gait or manner. It also extends to the meaning of insolence or transgression.

This root primarily concerns the act of swallowing or drinking, specifically in a manner that implies taking a gulp or a large quantity. It also refers to the resulting quantity swallowed.

This root primarily concerns coquetry, flirtatiousness, and charming behavior, often associated with young women. It can also refer to a specific type of elderly person in a particular dialect.

This root primarily relates to physical attributes of being broad or wide, particularly in the chest area, and by extension, to a person's demeanor or bearing. It also encompasses the idea of bending, curving, or presenting oneself.

This root primarily relates to camels that are pregnant or have recently given birth, and by extension, to the state of being exhausted or depleted.

This root primarily relates to the concept of wideness, spaciousness, or opening, particularly in the context of paths, physical separation, and the shape of objects.

This root primarily describes a physical condition of the legs and gait, characterized by a wide stance or spread. It extends to the way a person or animal walks and can also refer to the act of spreading the legs for a specific purpose, such as milking.

This root primarily concerns the concept of opening, parting, or clearing, often applied to distress, physical spaces, or the female genitalia. It also extends to meanings related to vulnerability, gaps, and even specific garments or young birds.

This root appears to relate to the preparation and cooking of meat, specifically camel meat. It describes the process of roasting and the resulting state of the meat.

This root appears to be related to specific characteristics or markings of camels. The primary lemma describes a distinctive trait of these animals.

This root primarily describes the act of spreading or widening, particularly referring to the legs. It encompasses the physical action of parting the legs and the resulting state of being spread apart.

This root primarily describes the act of sweating, particularly the initial stages where sweat appears at the roots of the hair without flowing down.

The root فلج (f-l-j) primarily relates to division, splitting, and separation. It extends to concepts of victory, a small river, a type of measurement, and physical characteristics like gaps in teeth or a wide chest. It also encompasses place names and a specific medical condition.

This root pertains to a specific type of dance, particularly associated with non-Arabs (al-'ajam). It describes a dance where participants hold onto each other, with a Persian origin.

This root primarily concerns groups of people or animals, encompassing concepts of crowds, flocks, and formations. It also extends to notions of speed and swift movement, as well as a specific geographical feature.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of vessel or container used for wine, possibly of Persian origin. It also seems to denote the wine itself when contained within such a vessel.

This root primarily concerns a type of bird, the partridge, and its Persian origin. It also touches upon grammatical points related to gendered terms for animals and their singular forms.

This root appears to be a loanword from Persian, referring to a type of garment or cloak. It also has a derived meaning related to food spoiling or becoming moldy.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of fish and potentially a Persian loanword for a type of plant or herb.

This root primarily deals with measures and units of measurement, specifically a type of dry measure. It also extends to related concepts of quantity and capacity.

This root primarily describes the act of falling or being thrown to the ground forcefully, often implying a state of being struck or prostrated. It also extends to describe a specific posture of camels when they are settled around dwellings.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of depth, intensity, and persistence, particularly in disputes, sounds, and water. It also extends to meanings of hesitation or repetition, and the core or bulk of something.

This root primarily describes the concept of being stuck, wedged, or confined, often in a narrow or difficult space. It extends to meanings of being forced or compelled into a situation, and also encompasses deception or obfuscation in communication.

This root primarily describes a sticky, viscous, or tenacious quality, often related to texture or adherence. It can also refer to a lingering or clinging presence, and in a more specific context, to a poorly cleaned state.

This root primarily describes the sensation of intense burning, pain, or stinging, often associated with physical blows or emotional distress. It can also refer to a burning sensation in the heart due to love.

This root primarily concerns the concept of financial ruin, bankruptcy, and the resulting destitution. It also extends to describing a state of being depleted or exhausted, often in a metaphorical sense.

This root primarily concerns the act of eating, specifically with the edges or lips of the mouth. It also extends to the area around the mouth and, metaphorically, to the act of giving or offering something, or the lack thereof.

This root primarily concerns the concept of water, specifically its salinity and bitterness. It describes water that is intensely salty or brackish, and the process of water becoming so.

This root primarily concerns the expulsion or expulsion of fluids, particularly saliva, water, or other liquids. It extends to concepts of sputtering, flowing uncontrollably, and also to the essence or extract of something. Figuratively, it can refer to unclear speech or the beginning of movement.

This root primarily refers to a specific tribal name from Yemen. It is the name of a prominent ancestor of a major Arab tribe, tracing lineage back to the Himyarite kingdom.

The root مرج primarily relates to concepts of mixing, mingling, confusion, and unrest. It extends to meanings of grazing, corruption, and a place where things are mixed or unrestrained. It also encompasses specific geographical locations and a type of fire.

This root primarily concerns the act of mixing or blending, particularly liquids like beverages. It extends to the concept of temperament or constitution, and also includes a loanword for 'banana'.

This root primarily concerns the concept of mixing, blending, or intermingling. It is used to describe the combination of substances, liquids, and even abstract concepts.

This root primarily relates to the concept of swift, easy, or smooth movement, often applied to animals like donkeys and horses, or to wind. It also extends to the action of a young animal nursing, specifically its vigorous sucking and manipulation of the teat.

This root primarily concerns the act of suckling or drawing milk, whether by an infant from its mother or a young animal from its mother's udder. It extends to the idea of drawing sustenance or benefit, and metaphorically to base or ignoble actions.

This root primarily describes the turbulent, surging, and agitated motion of water, particularly the sea. It extends metaphorically to describe the chaotic or tumultuous state of people or crowds.

This root primarily concerns the concept of blood, specifically the blood of the heart, and by extension, life or soul. It also extends to meanings related to thinness or rarity, applied to liquids like milk or fat.

This root primarily relates to movement, specifically swift or agitated motion, often accompanied by sound. It extends to concepts of going, traveling, and fervent supplication.

This root primarily relates to loudness of sound, particularly in dogs, and also encompasses terms for physical size, a specific location, and a type of dough.

This root primarily concerns the process of giving birth or producing offspring, particularly for animals like camels and horses. It extends to the concept of something being a result or consequence, and also refers to animals of the same age group.

This root primarily relates to the flowing or oozing of bodily fluids, particularly from a wound. It describes the process of discharge and what comes out of an affliction.

The root 'نجنج' primarily relates to the concept of repeated movement, agitation, or indecision. It encompasses physical actions like shaking or stirring, as well as mental states of wavering or hesitation.

This root primarily relates to the agitation or churning of liquids, particularly in the context of a waterskin. It also extends to a sexual connotation of penetration.

This root primarily concerns the act of weaving, creating fabric, and by extension, the process of formation, creation, and unique composition. It extends to describe patterns, tools, and even metaphorical uniqueness.

This root primarily describes sounds of distress or internal commotion, particularly related to crying, animal vocalizations, or boiling liquids. It also extends to the concept of water channels.