Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily describes a hump or curvature, particularly in the back, but extends to elevated or uneven terrain, and metaphorically to hardship or intense emotion. It also encompasses concepts of care, compassion, and attachment.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of seed, possibly a legume, and also features in proper names, potentially with connotations of thievery or notoriety.

The root حزب (ḥzb) primarily relates to grouping, association, and division. It encompasses concepts of parties, factions, allies, and shares, as well as the idea of a portion or lot. It also extends to the notion of a regular portion of religious recitation or prayer, and in a more physical sense, to rough or tough terrain and individuals.

The root 'حسب' (ḥsb) primarily relates to the concept of sufficiency, counting, and reckoning. It encompasses notions of being enough, providing, calculating, and also extends to honor, lineage, and good deeds, particularly in classical contexts.

The root حسب (ḥ-s-b) primarily relates to estimation, calculation, and consideration. It extends to concepts of sufficiency, provision, reward, and even divine punishment or affliction. The root encompasses both the act of counting and the state of being counted or considered, as well as the idea of expecting or seeking reward.

This root primarily describes anatomical parts within an animal's hoof and leg, specifically bones and connective tissues. It also extends to describe physical attributes like a large belly or broad sides, and metaphorically, large gatherings or dense populations.

The root حصب primarily relates to small stones, pebbles, and gravel. It extends to concepts of throwing or being covered with such materials, and metaphorically to divine punishment or the act of throwing things into fire.

This root primarily relates to the concept of earth, soil, or dust. It appears to describe the physical substance of the ground.

The root حضب (ḥaḍaba) primarily relates to sounds, specifically the sound of a bowstring, and also encompasses various types of snakes. It extends to meanings related to fire, fuel, and the act of stoking it. Additionally, it describes parts of a mountain and specific actions involving ropes and pulleys.

This root appears to relate to the concept of tightness, fullness, and intensity, particularly in the context of ropes or strings. It describes something being drawn taut or filled to capacity.

The root حطب (ḥaṭaba) primarily relates to gathering and collecting firewood. It extends to the act of bringing something to someone, the process of pruning or cutting parts of a vine, and metaphorically to speaking indiscriminately or slandering. It also encompasses terms for firewood itself and people who collect it.

This root primarily describes being fat, corpulent, and having a large belly. It extends to meanings of being full, short and stout, tight-fisted, and also refers to a tough bowstring or the back/spine.

This root primarily relates to tightness, intensity, and firmness, particularly in the context of twisting, binding, and physical or mental disposition. It extends to concepts of being well-built, resolute, and even full.

This root appears to relate to the concept of running or swift movement. The primary derived lemma describes the act of running.

The root 'حقب' primarily relates to binding, securing, or holding something in place, often around the waist or hindquarters. It extends to concepts of retention, blockage, and periods of time, as well as physical attributes of animals and geographical features.

This root appears to be related to the sound or cry of a specific type of bird, the male partridge.

The root حلب (ḥ-l-b) primarily concerns the act of milking animals, extracting milk from udders. It extends to the milk itself, the tools used for milking, and metaphorically to the flow or extraction of liquids, including sweat and tears. It also encompasses concepts related to the offspring of animals, particularly female offspring.

This root appears to be a single-word entry describing a miserly person. It does not seem to have derived forms or extensive semantic range.

This root primarily describes a specific type of curvature or bending, particularly in the limbs or spine of a horse, often considered a mark of strength or excellence. It can also refer to a general state of being bent or stooped, especially in older individuals.

The root 'حنزب' primarily describes characteristics of being stout, short, and strong, often applied to animals like donkeys and humans. It also extends to specific types of plants and groups of birds.

This root primarily refers to a specific proper name, 'Ḥanṭab', and its derivatives. It is also associated with the concept of courage, though this usage might be less common or potentially confused with similar-sounding words.

This root primarily refers to types of beetles and locusts, often characterized by their hardness or unpleasantness. It also extends to describe a person filled with anger or a large, ill-favored woman.

This root primarily relates to concepts of need, desire, distress, and affliction. It extends to encompass family ties, particularly maternal ones, and also signifies harm, sin, and hardship. The root can also denote a specific type of camel or its vocalization.

This root primarily relates to shortness or being stunted, and also to a specific stage of female development before puberty. It appears to be a quadriliteral root with some discussion on its linguistic classification.

This root appears to relate to the concept of cutting or severing, particularly with a sharp instrument like a sword. It also includes a place name derived from this action.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of camel, characterized by abundant milk. It also has a less common, potentially vulgar, meaning related to anatomy.

This root primarily describes the act of striking or cutting, often with a sword, resulting in a wound. It extends to meanings of being wide, long, or large, and also encompasses terms for being foolish, reckless, or excessively talkative. Figuratively, it can refer to a path or a person's initial state.

This root describes a state of weakness, particularly in gait or in an aged animal. It conveys a sense of being slow, relaxed, and lacking vigor.

This root appears to relate to striking or hitting, particularly with a sword. The primary meaning involves a forceful blow or strike.

This root appears to be a proper noun, likely referring to a specific entity or place. Its usage is primarily as a name, with no clear semantic extensions or derived meanings found in this entry.

This root appears to relate to descriptions of physical characteristics, specifically concerning size and corpulence. It is used to describe a tall and stout individual.

This root primarily describes something that is slender, tall, and tender, often referring to young plants, branches, or youthful, well-proportioned individuals. It can also denote something large and fleshy, or a tender and soft disposition.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of tree and its fruit, known as carob, found in the Levant. It also appears in the name of a location in Egypt.

The root 'khzb' primarily relates to swelling, irritation, or a tender, soft condition. It is applied to skin, animal udders, and even meat. It can also refer to specific types of flies or, in some dialects, pottery.

This root pertains to the confusion and disorder of speech, leading to unintelligibility. It describes a state where words are mixed up, jumbled, or nonsensical.

This root pertains to the act of cutting or severing something quickly and decisively. It primarily describes the rapid slicing of meat or ropes.

This root primarily concerns abundance, fertility, and prosperity, especially in relation to land, vegetation, and livelihood. It describes a state of richness, plentifulness, and well-being, contrasting with barrenness or scarcity.

The root خضب (kh-ḍ-b) primarily relates to changing color, especially to red, yellow, or green. It is most commonly associated with dyeing hair, particularly with henna, but extends to the coloring of anything, the greening of plants, and even the appearance of certain birds and plants.

This root primarily describes the agitation and movement of water, particularly in confined spaces like pools or valleys. It extends metaphorically to describe eloquent and versatile speech, and by extension, a person possessing such eloquence.

This root appears to describe something large, strong, and potentially mixed or confused. It can refer to a person, particularly a woman, or a state of affairs.

This root appears to relate to concepts of weakness, frailty, and perhaps a lack of vigor or substance. It is used to describe a state of being diminished or enfeebled.

This root appears to relate to hardship, particularly financial distress, and to speaking falsely or fabricating stories. It describes a state of being constricted in one's livelihood and a person who makes up things that did not happen.