حوب

Root entry · 9 derived lemmas

This root primarily relates to concepts of need, desire, distress, and affliction. It extends to encompass family ties, particularly maternal ones, and also signifies harm, sin, and hardship. The root can also denote a specific type of camel or its vocalization.

Derived headwords

الحَوْبُ والحُوبَةُnoun

1.
Family membersclassical
Refers to parents, sister, or daughter, and more broadly to close maternal relatives or any forbidden kin.
2.
Dependentsclassical
Weak individuals or dependents who require support and care.
3.
Needboth
A strong need or requirement.
4.
Compassionclassical
The tenderness or soft-heartedness of a mother.
5.
Distressclassical
Affliction, hardship, or suffering.
6.
Lonelinessclassical
A sense of desolation or loneliness.
7.
Sinboth
An offense or transgression, often a grave one.
8.
Weaknessclassical
A state of weakness, destitution, or poverty.
9.
Effortclassical
Striving or exertion.
10.
Destructionclassical
Ruin or perishing.
11.
Painclassical
A physical or emotional ache.
12.
Bad stateclassical
A condition of misfortune or suffering.
13.
Camelclassical
A large, strong camel.

حيبةnoun

1.
Needclassical
A need or requirement.
2.
Distressclassical
Affliction, hardship, or suffering.
3.
Sinclassical
An offense or transgression.
4.
Bad stateclassical
A state of misfortune or suffering.

حوباءnoun

1.
Soulclassical
The self or spirit.
2.
Heart's terrorclassical
The fear or terror within the heart.

حابَverb

1.
To commit sinclassical
To commit an offense or transgression.
2.
To be afflictedclassical
To suffer hardship or distress.

حَوْبnoun

1.
Camel's callclassical
A vocalization used to urge a camel forward.
2.
Camelclassical
A male camel.

المَحُوبُ والمُتَحَوِّبُadjective

1.
One whose wealth is lost and returnsclassical
Describes someone whose property has been lost and then recovered.

التحوُّبnoun

1.
Complainingclassical
Expressing pain, distress, or sorrow.
2.
Supplicationclassical
Praying earnestly or pleading.
3.
Weepingclassical
Crying with distress and loud lamentation.
4.
Worshippingclassical
Engaging in acts of worship, often to shed sin.
5.
Avoiding sinclassical
Refraining from sin or seeking to absolve oneself of it.

يَتَحَوَّبُverb

1.
To complainclassical
To express pain, distress, or sorrow.
2.
To be angryclassical
To be provoked or resentful.
3.
To supplicateclassical
To pray earnestly or plead.
4.
To worshipclassical
To engage in acts of worship.
5.
To avoid sinclassical
To refrain from sin or seek to absolve oneself of it.
6.
To make a soundclassical
To make a sound like a jackal, as if in distress.

حائِبnoun

1.
Killerclassical
One who commits murder.

Parallel reading

الحوب والحوبة: الأبوان والأخت والبنت.

Al-ḥawb and al-ḥūbah: the parents, sister, and daughter.

لي فيهم حوبة وحوبة وحيبة أي قرابة من قبل الأم، وكذلك كل ذي رحم محرم.

I have in them ḥūbah and ḥūbah and ḥībah, meaning kinship from the mother's side, and likewise every forbidden relative.

لي حوبة أعولها أي ضعفة وعيالا.

I have dependents whom I support, meaning the weak and the children.

وهي كل حرمة تضيع من أم أو أخت أو بنت، أو غير ذلك من كل ذات رحم.

And it is every sanctity that is lost, whether from a mother, sister, or daughter, or any other relative.

اتقوا الله في الحوبات ؛ يريد النساء المحتجات، اللاتي لا يستغنين عمن يقوم عليهن، ويتعهدهن؛

Fear God concerning the women in need; meaning the needy women, who cannot do without someone to look after them and care for them;

إليك أرفع حوبتي أي حاجتي.

To You I raise my need, meaning my request.

نرفع حوبتنا إليك أي حاجتنا.

We raise our need to You, meaning our request.

والحوبة رقة فؤاد الأم؛

And al-ḥūbah is the tenderness of a mother's heart;

فقلت لها: إيه؛ اطلبي كل حاجة لدي، فخفت حاجة وطلابها

So I said to her: Go on; ask for any need you have with me, and I feared a need and its pursuit.

فقالت بحزن: حاجتي أن واحدي خنيسا، بأرض السند، خوى سحابها

And she said sadly: My need is that you release Khunays for me, in the land of Sindh, whose clouds have dispersed.

فهب لي خنيسا، واحتسب فيه منة لحوبة أم، ما يسوغ شرابها

So grant me Khunays, and count it as a favor for the sake of a mother's tender heart, whose drink is not easily swallowed.

والحوبة والحيبة: الهم والحاجة؛

And al-ḥūbah and al-ḥībah: worry and need;

ألحق الله به الحوبة أي الحاجة والمسكنة والفقر.

May God inflict upon him distress, meaning need, destitution, and poverty.

وصفاحة مثل الفنيق، منحتها عيال ابن حوب، جنبته أقاربه

And a generous woman like a young camel, whom I granted to the family of Ibn Ḥūb, keeping him from his relatives.

ابن حوب رجل مجهود محتاج، لا يعني في كل ذلك رجلا بعينه، إنما يريد هذا النوع.

Ibn Ḥūb is a man who is strained and needy; it does not mean a specific man in all of that, but rather this type.

والحوب: الغم والهم والبلاء.

And al-ḥawb: grief, worry, and affliction.

والحوب: الهلاك؛

And al-ḥawb: destruction;

إن طريق مثقب لحوب

Indeed, the path of Thaqb is difficult.

يوما ستدركه النكراء والحوب أي الوحشة؛

One day, calamity and loneliness will overtake him;

إن طلاق أم أيوب لحوب.

Indeed, the divorce of Umm Ayyub is a source of distress.

أي لوحشة أو إثم.

Meaning loneliness or sin.

ما زال صفوان يتحوب رحالنا منذ الليلة؛

Safwan has been making sounds of distress with our baggage since last night;

التحوب: صوت مع توجع، أراد به شدة صياحه بالدعاء؛

Al-taḥawwub: a sound with pain, meaning his intense crying in supplication;

أريه بعض أهله بشر حيبة أي بشر حال.

Show him some of his family in the worst state, meaning the worst condition.

فذوقوا كما ذقنا، غداة محجر، من الغيظ، في أكبادنا، والتحوب

So taste as we tasted, on the morning of Muḥajjar, from the rage in our livers, and the distress.

التحوب في غير هذا التأثم من الشيء، وهو من الأول، وبعضه قريب من بعض.

Al-taḥawwub in other contexts means sinning from something, and it is related to the first meaning, and some of it is close to some.

اللهم اقبل توبتي، وارحم حوبتي ؛

O God, accept my repentance, and have mercy on my sin;

حوبتي يعني المأثم، وتفتح الحاء وتضم، وهو من قوله عز وجل: إنه كان حوبا كبيرا .

My sin means the offense, and the ḥā can be opened or closed, and it is from His saying, Almighty: Indeed, it was a great sin.

إنه كان حوبا أي ظلما.

Indeed, it was a sin, meaning injustice.

فألك حوبة؟ قال: نعم. قال: ففيها فجاهد.

Do you have a transgression? He said: Yes. He said: Then strive in it.

يعني ما يأثم به إن ضيعه من حرمة.

Meaning what he would be sinful for if he neglected it from a sacred duty.

سمعت من هذا حوبين، ورأيت منه حوبين أي فنين وضربين؛

I heard two types of affliction from him, and I saw two types of affliction from him, meaning two kinds and two blows;

حوبين من هماهم الأغوال

Two kinds of affliction from their deep worries.

وباتها بشدة وحال سيئة لا يقال إلا في الشر؛

And he spent the night in hardship and a bad condition, and it is only said in the context of evil;

وإن قلوا وحابوا ونزلنا بحيبة من الأرض وحوبة أي بأرض سوء.

And if they were few and suffered hardship, and we descended in a bad place and a bad condition, meaning in an evil land.

وقاتل حوباءه من أجلي، ليس له مثلي، وأين مثلي؟

And he fought for his soul for my sake, he has no one like me, and where is anyone like me?

فعرف أنه يريد حوباء نفسه.

So he knew that he wanted his own soul.

الربا سبعون حوبا، أيسرها مثل وقوع الرجل على أمه، وأربى الربا عرض المسلم.

Usury is seventy sins, the least of which is like a man having intercourse with his mother, and the most prominent of usury is the honor of a Muslim.

كأنه سبعون ضربا من الإثم.

As if it were seventy kinds of sin.

الحوب الإثم العظيم.

Al-ḥawb is the great sin.

وفلان يتحوب من كذا أي يتأثم.

And so-and-so avoids such-and-such, meaning he sins from it.

تحوب ترك الحوب، من باب السلب، ونظيره تأثم أي ترك الإثم، وإن كان تفعل للإثبات أكثر منه، للسلب، وكذلك نحو تقدم وتأخر، وتعجل وتأجل.

Taḥawwub means abandoning sin, from the pattern of removal, and its parallel is ta'aththum, meaning abandoning sin, even though the pattern 'tafa'ala' is more often for affirmation than negation, and similarly 'taqaddama' and 'ta'akhkhara', 'ta'ajjala' and 'ta'ajjala'.

كان إذا دخل إلى أهله قال: توبا توبا، لا يغادر علينا حوبا.

When he entered his family, he would say: Repentance, repentance, let no sin remain upon us.

إن الجفاء والحوب في أهل الوبر والصوف.

Indeed, harshness and sin are among the people of hair and wool.

وتحوب من الإثم إذا توقاه، وألقى الحوب عن نفسه.

And he avoids sin if he guards against it, and casts sin off himself.

حبت بكذا أي أثمت، تحوب حوبا وحوبة وحيابة؛

You have sinned with such-and-such, meaning you have committed a sin, taḥawwaba ḥawban wa ḥūbatan wa ḥiyābatan;

حبتم بها، فأناختكم بجعجاع

You have committed a sin with it, and your camels have knelt down in Ja'ja'.

وبنو أسد يقولون: الحائب للقاتل، وقد حاب يحوب.

And Banu Asad say: Al-ḥā'ib is for the killer, and he has committed a sin, yāḥūbu.

ولا شربت في جلد حوب معلب

And she did not drink from the skin of a large, well-fed camel.

وسمي الجمل حوبا بزجره، كما سمي البغل عدسا بزجره، وسمي الغراب غاقا بصوته.

And the camel is named ḥūb by its call, just as the mule is named 'adas by its call, and the crow is named ghāq by its sound.

حوب، وحوب، وحوب، وحاب.

Ḥūb, ḥūb, ḥūb, and ḥāb.

قال لها حوب، والعرب تجر ذلك، ولو رفع أو نصب، لكان جائزا، لأن الزجر والحكايات تحرك أواخرها، على غير إعراب لازم، وكذلك الأدوات التي لا تتمكن في التصريف، فإذا حول من ذلك شيء إلى الأسماء، حمل عليه الألف واللام، فأجري مجرى الأسماء، كقوله: والحوب لما يقل والحل

He said to her: Ḥūb, and the Arabs pronounce it with kasra, and if it were pronounced with damma or fatha, it would be permissible, because calls and narratives move their endings, without a fixed grammatical case, and likewise for particles that are not firmly established in conjugation. If something is transformed from that into nouns, it is given the definite article, and treated as a noun, like his saying: And al-ḥūb when it is not said, and al-ḥall.

حوبا حوبا.

Ḥūban ḥūban.

كأنه لما فرغ من كلامه، زجر بعيره.

As if when he finished his speech, he urged his camel.

حوب زجر لذكورة الإبل، مثل حل لإناثها، وتضم الباء وتفتح وتكسر، وإذا نكر دخله التنوين،

Ḥūb is a call for male camels, like ḥill for females, and the bā can be closed, opened, or broken, and when indefinite, it takes tanwin,

فقوله: حوبا حوبا، بمنزلة قولك: سيرا سيرا؛

So his saying: ḥūban ḥūban, is like your saying: sayran sayran;

هي ابنة حوب، أم تسعين، آزرت أخا ثقة، تمري، جباها، ذوائبه

She is the daughter of ḥūb, ninety in number, supporting a trusted companion, carrying her forehead, her straps.

فإنه عنى كنانة عملت من جلد بعير، وفيها تسعون سهما، فجعلها أما للسهام، لأنها قد جمعتها،

For he meant a quiver made from camel skin, and it contained ninety arrows, so he made it a mother to the arrows, because it gathered them,

وإنما يريد حرف الكنانة.

And he means the opening of the quiver.

إنه يوم دعق وشوب، لا لعا لبني الصوب.

It is a day of intense trampling and mixing, not a day of respite for the people of righteousness.

وقاتل حوباءه من أجلي، ليس له مثلي، وأين مثلي؟

And he fought for his soul for my sake, he has no one like me, and where is anyone like me?