Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of returning, restoring, or recovering something. It also extends to meanings related to clothing, and in specific contexts, to strong winds or personal names.

This root primarily describes things that are thick, coarse, or rough, often referring to animals, physical attributes, or substances. It also extends to concepts of earning and sustenance, and specific geographical or descriptive terms.

This root appears to describe physical attributes, specifically shortness or being stout. It is primarily used as an adjective.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, vastness, and abundance of water or provisions. It also extends to meanings of extensive travel, large gatherings, and significant amounts of evil or commotion.

The root جحجب primarily relates to destruction, perishing, or being annihilated. It can also refer to a specific tribe or group.

This root appears to be related to descriptions of physical stature, specifically shortness, and possibly a related noun form. It is noted as being less common than a similar root.

This root describes something or someone of large, imposing physical stature. It specifically refers to large build, broadness, and sometimes a large belly or gut.

This root describes something short and small, often referring to a person or a large pot. It can also denote a stout or stocky build.

This root appears to describe someone or something characterized by foolishness, lack of worth, and heaviness or corpulence. It is used to denote a foolish, useless person, and also someone who is heavy and fleshy.

This root primarily describes something large, bulky, and robust, applying to both men and animals, particularly camels and a type of locust. It also extends to concepts of speed and a specific type of lizard.

This root primarily concerns the concept of dryness, barrenness, and scarcity, often in contrast to fertility and abundance. It extends to meanings of defect, blame, and even falsehood, as well as referring to specific insects like locusts.

The root 'جذب' primarily relates to the concept of pulling, drawing, or stretching something. It extends to meanings of attracting, snatching, pulling away, and even struggling or contending. Figuratively, it can denote the passage of time, the inevitability of death, or the act of weaning.

The root جرب (j-r-b) primarily relates to skin diseases, particularly scabies, affecting humans and animals. It extends to concepts of testing, experience, and evaluation, as well as various physical objects and geographical features.

This root primarily relates to testing, trying, experiencing, and affliction. It encompasses the act of testing something or someone, the state of being tested or afflicted, and the place where such testing or affliction occurs. It also extends to the concept of contagion or epidemic.

This root primarily relates to the concept of the belly or stomach, and by extension, large or robust things. It also encompasses the act of eating or consuming food.

This root primarily describes actions related to guarding or covering food with one's hand, particularly the left hand, to prevent others from taking it. It also extends to the act of eating greedily or consuming everything available, and metaphorically to protecting one's possessions. A less common sense refers to the middle of the sea.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly obscure, with limited attestations. The primary meaning found relates to being tall or long.

This root primarily describes a woman reaching old age and approaching death. It also extends to concepts of becoming weak, ill, recovering, or being short and stout.

This root appears to describe qualities of coarseness, roughness, and severity, particularly in relation to people and difficult situations. It also encompasses the physical state of being struck down or prostrated.

This root primarily relates to a portion or share, particularly of wealth. It can also refer to slaves or a group of people, and in a derived sense, to someone of good character or appearance.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being tall or long. The primary derived word directly defines this characteristic.

This root primarily describes coarseness, roughness, and thickness, particularly in relation to food, but also extending to texture, living conditions, and even physical build. It can denote food that is unrefined, unseasoned, or difficult to chew, as well as a harsh or simple lifestyle and a robust physique.

This root primarily relates to coarseness, roughness, and dryness, often applied to textures, speech, or physical attributes. It can also refer to specific plants or parts of plants, and in a tribal context, to a lineage.

The root 'جعب' primarily relates to containers for arrows, specifically quivers. It extends to describe the making of these containers, individuals associated with them, and also carries meanings related to smallness, shortness, and being lowly or weak. Additionally, it encompasses terms for specific types of insects and anatomical parts, as well as actions like striking, throwing down, gathering, and turning over.

This root appears to relate to concepts of swelling, gathering, or forming into a cohesive mass. It is associated with natural phenomena like rain bubbles and spiderwebs, as well as physical structures and even personal names.

This root appears to relate to the concept of eagerness or strong desire for something. It is primarily used to describe a state of intense focus or covetousness.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of follower or companion, characterized by their quiet or unexpressed nature. It describes someone who follows without speaking their mind or expressing themselves independently.

This root primarily describes something large, tall, and strong. It is applied to people, animals, and even plants, emphasizing their substantial size and robust nature.

This root appears to describe the act of falling or collapsing, often with a sense of suddenness or impact. It conveys the idea of hitting the ground forcefully.

This root pertains to hardness, severity, and toughness. It describes something that is solid, unyielding, and robust, often in a physical or characterological sense.

This root primarily describes a person or animal that is rough, coarse, wicked, or physically imposing. It also extends to meanings related to falling, lying down, moving quickly, and being large or extended.

This root appears to describe something stout, solid, and well-built, particularly when referring to a female camel. It conveys a sense of robust physical presence and substantiality.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being beside, alongside, or to the side of something. It extends to notions of avoidance, protection, and proximity. Derived terms can refer to physical positioning, moral conduct, and even specific locations.

This root appears to relate to concepts of openness, boldness, and perhaps a lack of shame or inhibition. It also touches upon the idea of acting openly or publicly.

This root primarily relates to tribes and lineages, specifically the "Tujibi" tribe from Yemen. It also touches upon concepts of killing and mourning within a historical and poetic context.

The root جيب primarily relates to openings, specifically the opening of a garment like a shirt or tunic. It extends to metaphorical openings like the heart or chest, and also to entrances or hollows in the ground. Derived terms describe the act of making or cutting such openings, as well as the resulting state.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being wide, expansive, or large, particularly applied to geographical features like valleys and water sources. It also extends to describing large objects like buckets and, metaphorically, to significant places or events.

This root primarily describes a state of weakness, smallness, or scarcity, often applied to living beings or resources. It also extends to concepts of slow or minimal movement, faintness, and small, scattered things, particularly in the context of fire or light.

This root appears to describe something short or stunted in stature. It is primarily used as an adjective.

This root primarily relates to the concept of muddiness, impurity, and residue. It describes water that has become turbid and mixed with sediment, as well as the dregs or sediment left at the bottom of a pot.

This root appears to relate to the dregs or sediment of fat or clarified butter, particularly in certain dialects.