سنه

Root entry · 18 derived lemmas

The root سنه primarily relates to the concept of a year, encompassing its passage, duration, and associated conditions like drought and famine. It also extends to the idea of change and alteration over time, particularly concerning food and drink.

Derived headwords

السَّنَةnoun

1.
yearboth
A single year, often used to denote a period of twelve months.
2.
drought, famineclassical
A year of severe drought and famine, used to emphasize its hardship and severity.
3.
famineclassical
A period of scarcity and hardship.

سَنَواتnoun

1.
yearsboth
The plural of سنة (year).

سَنَهاتnoun

1.
yearsboth
Another plural form of سنة (year).

سِنونnoun

1.
yearsboth
A plural form of سنة (year), often used when the noun is in the nominative case.

سِنينnoun

1.
yearsboth
A plural form of سنة (year), often used when the noun is in the accusative or genitive case, or as a fixed form.

سَنِهَةnoun

1.
yearclassical
The original form of سنة, meaning year.

تَسَنَّهَverb

1.
to pass (of years)classical
To pass or elapse, referring to the passage of years.
2.
to become oldclassical
To become old or aged due to the passage of years.

تَسْنِيهَةnoun

1.
small yearclassical
A diminutive form of سنة, used to denote a short period or a specific type of year.

سَنِيَّةnoun

1.
severe droughtclassical
A severe drought or famine, often used in its diminutive form for emphasis.

سِنيهةnoun

1.
yearclassical
A diminutive form of سنة, referring to a year.

مُسَانَهَةnoun

1.
contracting for a yearclassical
To contract or hire someone for a period of one year.
2.
dealing for a yearclassical
To conduct business or deal with someone for a year.

سَانَهَverb

1.
to contract for a yearclassical
To hire or contract for a period of one year.
2.
to deal for a yearclassical
To engage in dealings or transactions for a year.
3.
to bear fruit in alternate yearsclassical
Said of a date palm that bears fruit in one year and not the next.

سِنْهَاءadjective

1.
drought-strickenclassical
Describing a date palm that has been affected by drought and famine.
2.
bearing fruit in alternate yearsclassical
Describing a date palm that bears fruit in one year and not the next.

سَنِهَverb

1.
to change, to alterclassical
To change or become altered, especially referring to food or drink over time.

تَسَنَّهَverb

1.
to change, to alterclassical
To change or become altered, especially referring to food or drink over time.

مُتَسَنِّهadjective

1.
changed, alteredclassical
Changed or altered, particularly referring to food or drink that has undergone a transformation due to time.

أَسْنَتَverb

1.
to experience droughtclassical
To experience a year of drought or famine.

سَنَاهnoun

1.
contracting for a yearclassical
An alternative form for مُسَانَهَة, meaning to contract or deal for a year.

Parallel reading

السنة العام منقوصة

The year is a shortened form of 'al-'aam (the year).

والذاهب منها يجوز أن يكون هاء وواوا بدليل قولهم في جمعها سنهات وسنوات

And what is missing from it, it is permissible for it to be a ha' and a waw, as evidenced by their saying for its plural, sanahaat and sanawaat.

الدليل على أن لام سنة واو قولهم سنوات

The evidence that the final letter of 'sanah' is a waw is their saying 'sanawaat'.

والسنة مطلقة: السنة المجدبة، أوقعوا ذلك عليها إكبارا لها وتشنيعا واستطالة.

And 'al-sanah' used absolutely: the year of drought, they applied that to it to magnify it and to denounce and prolong it.

يقال: أصابتهم السنة، والجمع من كل ذلك سنهات وسنون

It is said: 'al-sanah' has afflicted them, and the plural of all of that is sanahaat and sunoon.

فثبات نونه مع الإضافة يدل على أنها مشبهة بنون قنسرين فيمن قال هذه قنسرين

So the stability of its noon with addition indicates that it is assimilated to the noon of Qunsurin for those who say 'hadhihi Qunsurin'.

ولقد أخذنا آل فرعون بالسنين ؛ أي بالقحوط.

And We had seized the people of Pharaoh with years [of drought]; meaning, with droughts.

والسنة: الأزمة، وأصل السنة سنهة بوزن جبهة، فحذفت لامها ونقلت حركتها إلى النون فبقيت سنة

And 'al-sanah': the famine, and the origin of 'sanah' is 'sanahah' on the pattern of 'jabhah', so its final letter was deleted and its vowel was transferred to the noon, leaving 'sanah'.

تسنهت إذا أتى عليها السنون.

It has passed (years) if the years have come upon it.

وقيل إن أصلها سنوة بالواو، فحذفت كما حذفت الهاء لقولهم تسنيت عنده إذا أقمت عنده سنة

And it was said that its origin is 'sanwah' with a waw, so it was deleted as the ha' was deleted for their saying 'tasannaytu 'indahu' if you stayed with him for a year.

وتصغيره سنيهة وسنية، وتجمع سنوات وسنهات

And its diminutive is 'sunayhah' and 'sunayyah', and it is pluralized as 'sanawaat' and 'sanahaat'.

فإذا جمعتها جمع الصحة كسرت السين فقلت سنين وسنون

And when you pluralize it with sound pluralization, you break the sin and say 'saneen' and 'sunoon'.

وأما من قال سنين ومئين ورفع النون ففي تقديره قولان

As for those who say 'saneen' and 'ma'een' and raise the noon, there are two estimations for it.

وإنما كسروا الفاء لكسرة ما بعدها، وقد جاء الجمع على فعيل نحو كليب وعبيد

And they only broke the fa' because of the kasrah of what follows it, and pluralization has come on the pattern of 'fa'eel' like 'kulayb' and ''ubayd'.

سنين ليس بجمع تكسير، وإنما هو اسم موضوع للجمع

'Saneen' is not a broken plural, rather it is a noun designated for the plural.

ولبثوا ثلثمائة من السنين

And they stayed for three hundred years.

فإن كانت السنون تفسيرا للمائة فهي جر، وإن كانت تفسيرا للثلاث فهي نصب

If 'al-sunoon' is an explanation for the hundred, it is genitive, and if it is an explanation for the three, it is accusative.

والعرب تقول تسنيت عنده وتسنهت عنده.

And the Arabs say 'tasannaytu 'indahu' and 'tasannuhtu 'indahu'.

هذه بلاد سنين أي جدبة

These are lands of drought, meaning arid.

أرض بني فلان سنة إذا كانت مجدبة.

The land of so-and-so's family is 'sanah' if it is arid.

اللهم أعني على مضر بالسنة ؛ السنة: الجدب.

O Allah, help me against Mudar with drought; 'al-sanah': drought.

ويقال: أخذتهم السنة إذا أجدبوا وأقحطوا

And it is said: 'al-sanah' has taken them if they became arid and parched.

اللهم أعني عليهم بسنين كسني يوسف ؛ هي التي ذكرها الله في كتابه ثم يأتي من بعد ذلك سبع شداد

O Allah, help me against them with years like the years of Joseph; which Allah mentioned in His Book: 'Then will come after that seven hard [years]'

أي سبع سنين فيها قحط وجدب

Meaning seven years of drought and barrenness.

وسانهه مسانهة وسناها؛ الأخيرة عن اللحياني: عامله بالسنة أو استأجره لها.

And he dealt with him in 'musanahah' and 'sanaha'; the latter from Al-Lihyani: he dealt with him for the year or hired him for it.

وسانهت النخلة، وهي سنهاء: حملت سنة ولم تحمل أخرى

And the date palm 'sanahat', and it is 'sinhaa': it bore fruit one year and did not bear another.

فليست بسنهاء ولا رجبية، ... ولكن عرايا في السنين الجوائح

It is not 'sinhaa' nor 'rajabiyyah', ... but rather gifts in the devastating years.

لم تصبها السنة المجدبة.

The drought-stricken year did not afflict it.

والسنهاء: التي أصابتها السنة المجدبة، وقد تكون النخلة التي حملت عاما ولم تحمل آخر

And 'al-sinhaa': that which the drought-stricken year afflicted, and it may be the date palm that bore fruit one year and not another.

إذا حملت النخلة سنة ولم تحمل سنة قيل قد عاومت وسانهت.

If the date palm bore fruit one year and not another, it is said it has 'aawamat' and 'sanahat'.

وهو أن يبيع ثمرة نخله لأكثر من سنة؛ نهى عنه لأنه غرر وبيع ما لم يخلق

Which is selling the fruit of his palm for more than a year; he prohibited it because it is uncertainty and selling what has not been created.

خرجنا نلتمس الرضعاء بمكة في سنة سنهاء أي لا نبات بها ولا مطر

We went out seeking wet nurses in Mecca in a 'sanhaa' year, meaning no vegetation and no rain.

ويروى: في سنة شهباء.

And it is narrated: in a 'shahbaa'' year.

طعام سنة وسن إذا أتت عليه السنون.

Food of a year and 'sann' if the years have come upon it.

سنه الطعام والشراب سنها وتسنه: تغير

The food and drink 'sannaha' and 'tasannaha': changed.

فانظر إلى طعامك وشرابك لم يتسنه ؛ والتسنه: التكرج الذي يقع على الخبز والشراب وغيره

So look at your food and drink; it has not changed; and 'al-tasannuh': the mold that occurs on bread, drink, and other things.

لم يتسنه ؛ لم تغيره السنون، ومن جعل حذف السنة واوا قرأ لم يتسن

It has not changed; the years have not changed it, and whoever made the deletion of 'sanah' a waw read 'lam yatasann'.

لم يتغير بمرور السنين عليه، مأخوذ من السنة، وتكون الهاء أصلية من قولك بعته مسانهة، تثبت وصلا ووقفا

It has not changed with the passage of years upon it, derived from 'al-sanah', and the ha' is original from your saying 'ba'tuhu musanahatan', it is fixed in connection and in pause.

فمن جعل الهاء زائدة جعل فعلت منه تسنيت، ألا ترى أنك تجمع السنة سنوات فيكون تفعلت على صحة؟

So whoever makes the ha' extra makes from it 'tasannaytu', do you not see that you pluralize 'al-sanah' as 'sanawaat', so 'tafa''alta' is sound?

من حمإ مسنون*؛ يريد متغيرا، فإن يكن كذلك فهو أيضا مما بدلت نونه ياء

From boiling mud, changed*; meaning altered, and if so, it is also from what its noon has been changed to a ya'.

أن معناه مأخوذ من السنة أي لم تغيره السنون.

That its meaning is derived from 'al-sanah', meaning the years have not changed it.

قرأها أبو جعفر وشيبة ونافع وعاصم بإثبات الهاء، إن وصلوا أو قطعوا

Abu Ja'far, Shaybah, Nafi', and 'Asim read it with the affirmation of the ha', whether they connected or paused.

وأجود ما قيل في أصل السنة سنيهة، على أن الأصل سنهة كما قالوا الشفة أصلها شفهة، فحذفت الهاء

And the best that has been said about the origin of 'al-sanah' is 'sunayhah', with the origin being 'sanahah' as they said 'al-shafah' its origin is 'shafahah', so the ha' was deleted.

ونقصوا الهاء من السنة كما نقصوها من الشفة لأن الهاء ضاهت حروف اللين التي تنقص من الواو والياء والألف، مثل زنة وثبة وعزة وعضة

And they reduced the ha' from 'al-sanah' as they reduced it from 'al-shafah' because the ha' resembled the soft letters that are reduced from waw, ya', and alif, like 'zinnah', 'thabbah', ''izzah', and ''addah'.

وهو من قولهم سنه الطعام إذا تغير.

And it is from their saying 'sanaha al-ta'am' if it changes.

هو من قولهم حمإ مسنون، فأبدلوا من يتسنن كما قالوا تظنيت وقصيت أظفاري.

It is from their saying 'hama' masnoon', so they substituted 'yatasannanu' as they said 'tazannaytu' and 'qassaytu azfari'.