Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to be very limited in its usage, primarily referring to a specific type of date.

The root قرقم (q-r-q-m) appears to relate to concepts of slowness, poor nourishment, and possibly undesirable qualities. It is also associated with specific types of clothing and, in one instance, a potentially obscure meaning related to the glans penis.

This root appears to describe large, mature, or important entities, particularly animals like bulls, goats, and camels. It can also refer to a leader or chief, suggesting a sense of size, strength, and seniority.

This root primarily denotes baseness, meanness, and inferiority, often associated with small stature or poor quality. It extends to describe individuals of low character, inferior goods, and even abstract concepts like death or a lack of prestige.

This root primarily concerns the act of dividing, distributing, or portioning something. It extends to concepts of a share, lot, or destiny, as well as oaths and agreements based on division or mutual swearing.

This root primarily concerns eating, often with connotations of intensity, greed, or consuming undesirable things. It also extends to concepts of death, entering, and specific physical attributes or states of food and bodies.

The root قشعم primarily relates to concepts of smallness, largeness, and advanced age, often applied to living beings like men, animals, and even abstract concepts like war or death. It also extends to names for specific entities like ticks, lions, and the concept of humiliation.

The root قصم (qaṣama) primarily denotes breaking, shattering, or crushing something, often with a sense of finality or complete destruction. It extends to concepts of annihilation, severe damage, and even specific types of breakage in objects like horns or teeth. The root also encompasses related ideas of destruction, ruin, and specific geographical or botanical terms.

This root appears to describe a strong, persistent, or recurring action, particularly in the context of animal breeding. It can refer to a male animal that repeatedly mates or a recurring event.

The root قضم (qaḍama) primarily relates to the act of eating or biting with the front teeth, often in small, nibbling motions. It can also refer to the specific way animals eat, particularly dry fodder, and by extension, it can describe things that are worn down, broken, or even a type of writing material.

This root describes something old, worn out, and toothless, primarily referring to elderly people or aged animals. It emphasizes a state of decay and loss of function due to extreme age.

The root قطم (qaṭama) primarily relates to biting or tasting with the front teeth, often implying a strong desire or eagerness. This extends to intense sexual desire, anger, and the act of a predator seizing prey. It also encompasses concepts of eagerness, desire for food, and even specific names for animals and places.

This root primarily relates to sudden death from disease or venom, and also describes specific physical features, particularly of the nose and mouth. It extends to describe a type of shoe and the sound or choice part of something.

This root describes the state of being old and toothless. It specifically refers to an elderly person whose teeth have fallen out due to age.

This root appears to relate to concepts of breadth, spaciousness, and perhaps abundance, particularly in relation to a person's character or disposition.

The root 'قلم' primarily relates to the act of cutting, trimming, or shaping, particularly with a tool like a pen or knife. This extends to concepts of writing, marking, and even the physical act of pruning or shaping objects. It also encompasses derived meanings related to tools for writing, containers for pens, and even geographical divisions.

This root primarily describes something large, massive, and aged, particularly in reference to men. It can also denote leanness or dryness, and in a derived sense, swiftness.

This root describes something that is large, immense, and imposing, particularly in reference to camels. It conveys a sense of great size and bulk.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being abundant or plentiful, particularly in reference to water. It describes a state of copious quantity.

This root appears to relate to the concept of abundance, particularly concerning water in a well. It also has a connection to the Red Sea, possibly through a diminutive form.

This root primarily relates to the concept of swallowing or engulfing, often with a sense of intensity or voracity. It is also famously associated with the name of the Red Sea, possibly due to its perceived depth and engulfing nature.

This root primarily describes old age and advanced years, applying to both humans and animals. It also extends to meanings of being tall or large, and can refer to specific objects or places.

This root appears to be related to the concept of wideness or spaciousness, specifically in relation to female genitalia.

This root primarily describes physical attributes, focusing on wide openings, shortness, stoutness, and sometimes roughness or coarseness. It also touches upon concepts of speed and the sea.

This root primarily describes the corruption, spoilage, or foul odor of food, liquids, and even animals. It can also refer to a state of being soiled or dirty, particularly on hands or animal hair, and has a specific meaning related to the origins or foundations of things.

This root primarily concerns a lack of appetite or desire for food, drink, or other things, often due to illness or aversion. It can also extend to concepts of leaving something behind, disliking someone, or the clearing of the sky.

This root primarily deals with the concept of control, guardianship, and management, often in a high-ranking or trusted position. It refers to a person who is in charge of affairs, finances, or people, acting as a supervisor, treasurer, or agent.

This root describes something large, robust, and voracious, particularly in the context of animals. It conveys a sense of immense size and a powerful, often unrestrained, appetite or sexual drive.

This root primarily concerns the concept of standing, establishing, and being upright. It extends to concepts of management, sustenance, rectitude, and groups of people. The root also encompasses notions of enduring and being steadfast.

This root primarily concerns the concept of concealing, hiding, or keeping something secret. It extends to related ideas like suppression, quietness, and things that are hidden or not apparent.

This root primarily relates to concepts of fullness, abundance, and containment, often associated with the stomach or a full vessel. It also extends to meanings of concealment, disappearance, and proximity.

This root describes something that is thick, dense, and possibly short or curly. It is primarily used to describe hair, particularly beards, and by extension, can refer to anything that is bushy or dense.

This root describes something large, prominent, and bulky, particularly referring to a protruding or swollen part of the body. It can also be used to describe large, powerful wild animals.

This root appears to be a variant or dialectal form related to unripe grapes. It is primarily associated with a specific term for this fruit, particularly in Yemeni dialect.

This root appears to describe a thick, dense, and possibly curly beard. It relates to the texture and volume of facial hair.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of pushing, repelling, and preventing. It is also used to describe a king or sultan as someone who is great, expansive, and capable of warding off threats.

The root كدم primarily relates to biting, gnawing, or causing an impression, often with the mouth or teeth. It extends to concepts of leaving a mark, persistent effort, and intense action, particularly in combat or pursuit.

The root كرم (k-r-m) primarily relates to nobility, generosity, and abundance. It extends to concepts of preciousness, high quality, and fruitfulness, particularly concerning grapevines and their produce. The root also encompasses terms for specific objects and places associated with these meanings.

This root appears to relate to large, heavy, or solid objects, particularly tools and geological formations. It describes a large axe and a type of stone or rocky ground.

This root primarily describes a short, stout man, and extends to various forms of running, especially by animals like donkeys and mules, often with a sense of heaviness or urgency. It also encompasses concepts of gathering, bravery, and even flatulence.

This root primarily relates to shortness, compactness, and a blunt or dull quality. It extends to describe a short person, a dull axe, and hardships or severe difficulties. It also touches upon eating habits and a specific time of day.

This root appears to relate to concepts of roughness, ugliness, and potentially a specific type of terrain. It also includes a personal name derived from the root.

This root primarily concerns the plant turmeric, its color, and related dyes or medicines. It also extends to the concept of sustenance or provision, possibly due to a Persian loanword.

The root كزم (k-z-m) primarily relates to constriction, shortness, and a withholding or biting action. It extends to meanings of being hesitant, stingy, having physical deformities like a short nose or fingers, and a specific way of eating or breaking things with the mouth.

This root primarily relates to the concept of accumulation, gathering, or a remaining portion, often associated with dry or packed things. It also extends to meanings of hardship, bringing trouble, and dense vegetation.