Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to relate to the concept of darkness, obscurity, or being hidden. It is primarily used in classical Arabic to describe a state of deep night or a dense, dark environment.

The root غيم primarily relates to clouds and overcast skies. It extends to meanings of thirst, particularly intense thirst, and also describes a specific type of illness in camels. Additionally, it can refer to a bird's hovering behavior and a place name.

This root primarily relates to the concept of widening, expanding, or filling something, particularly containers like water skins or buckets, and also extending to the idea of fullness or abundance in various contexts. It can also refer to a group or gathering of people.

The root 'فجم' primarily relates to concepts of thickness, wideness, and a specific tribal or regional designation. It describes physical attributes like a thick cheek or a wide valley, and also serves as a proper noun for tribes and places.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to a specific type of nut, the walnut. Its etymological connections and broader semantic range are not evident from the provided text.

The root 'فحم' primarily relates to the concept of blackness, darkness, and intense heat, often associated with charcoal or embers. It extends to meanings of silence, inability to speak, and the early, darkest parts of the night or winter.

The root فخم (f-kh-m) primarily denotes greatness, grandeur, magnificence, and high status. It extends to concepts of being large, important, esteemed, and even to specific phonetic qualities in pronunciation and orthography.

This root primarily describes something large, robust, and well-built, particularly in reference to a man's physique. It can also extend to describe a full and handsome cheek.

This root primarily concerns the concept of narrowing or constricting, particularly in relation to a woman's vagina. It extends to the substances used for this purpose, the act of using them, and metaphorically to fullness or abundance.

This root appears to relate to the concept of something being spread out, extended, or perhaps even scattered. It is used in the context of describing the appearance or state of something, possibly a landscape or a physical object.

This root primarily discusses tools and implements used in crafts, specifically related to blacksmithing and shoemaking. It refers to anvils and wooden blocks used in these trades.

This root appears to be very rare and is primarily associated with a specific name for a lion. Its semantic range is extremely limited, with no other common derived meanings found in classical lexicography.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being large, heavy, and robust, particularly when applied to camels. It also extends to a tribal name and adjectives derived from it.

This root primarily describes a pointed or beak-like extremity, particularly associated with footwear like shoes or slippers. It can also refer to a long, pointed nose or snout.

This root appears to relate to specific anatomical parts, particularly male genitalia. It also seems to have a variant form with a different pronunciation.

This root primarily relates to spaciousness, breadth, and openness, particularly in the context of the chest or heart, implying generosity and magnanimity. It can also refer to something wide or expansive.

The root فصم (faṣama) primarily denotes breaking or cracking without complete separation. It extends to concepts of interruption, cessation, and detachment, often implying a partial or incomplete break. The root also encompasses meanings related to physical damage, such as a house collapsing or a bracelet breaking.

This root primarily denotes fullness, abundance, and being filled. It is used to describe physical fullness in body parts, containers, and even abstract concepts like emotions or scents. The root also extends to the act of filling something completely.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of opening, spreading, filling, and intense desire or attachment. It also touches upon the mouth, nose, and the act of kissing.

This root primarily describes malocclusion or misalignment of the jaw and teeth, specifically when the lower jaw protrudes or the upper teeth do not meet the lower ones. It extends metaphorically to describe crookedness, crookedness in affairs, and even arrogance.

This root primarily relates to the concept of greatness, largeness, and magnitude, often applied to physical size, importance, or even to objects like combs and wells. It can also denote cowardice.

This root appears to describe something wide or expansive, particularly in relation to the mouth or jaws. It conveys a sense of largeness and possibly a gaping or wide opening.

This root primarily describes a woman's vulva, often emphasizing its large, long, or wide dimensions. It can also refer to a wide-mouthed well.

This root primarily concerns the mouth, its opening, and related actions. It also touches upon the concept of 'then' or sequence, and the act of tanning or treating hides.

This root primarily concerns the concept of understanding, knowing, and comprehending something. It encompasses the act of grasping knowledge, perceiving meaning, and the ability to learn and retain information. The root also extends to the idea of making someone else understand.

The root 'فوم' primarily relates to grain, specifically wheat, and its products like bread. It also has a debated connection to garlic, with some classical interpretations suggesting it as a variant or a different meaning.

This root primarily deals with the concept of a group or multitude, encompassing both humans and other beings. It also touches upon the idea of being numerous or forming a large assembly.

This root primarily deals with the concept of standing, being upright, and establishing something. It extends to the idea of sustenance, fulfillment, and endurance, particularly in the context of drinking and satisfying thirst.

The root قثم (q-th-m) primarily relates to gathering, collecting, and accumulating, often with a sense of abundance or greed. It extends to meanings of generosity, earning, and also describes characteristics of animals and people, such as slowness or being well-built.

This root primarily refers to a prominent or raised part of the body, specifically the back of the head. It also extends to a figurative meaning of being firm or resolute in a matter.

This root primarily describes falling headlong, plunging, or entering forcefully. It can refer to a person falling down, a house being entered, or the act of descending rapidly, often with a sense of uncontrolled motion.

This root appears to describe the act of repelling, deterring, or diverting someone or something from a particular course or action. It implies a forceful redirection or prevention.

This root pertains to the concept of being large, great, and significant. It is used to describe individuals or entities of high status and considerable size or importance.

This root primarily relates to the concept of taking or giving in large quantities, often associated with generosity, abundance, and leadership. It also extends to descriptions of intensity, speed, and copious amounts of water.

This root appears to relate to the concept of going or dispersing in various directions. It describes a comprehensive movement or departure, covering all possible paths.

The root قرم primarily relates to intense desire, particularly for meat, and by extension, to strong longing. It also extends to concepts of leadership, nobility, and specific actions like marking animals or eating with a particular manner. Additionally, it encompasses terms for certain types of trees, fabrics, and geographical locations.

This root primarily discusses a type of armament, specifically heavy armor or protective garments, often of Persian origin. It also touches upon a medicinal substance and a place name associated with dispersal.

This root primarily relates to tools and objects used by craftsmen, particularly blacksmiths and cobblers. It also extends to descriptions of people, specifically their stature and lineage, and to a lesser extent, the quality of poetry.

This root appears to relate to the concept of silence or being quiet. It is primarily used in a verbal form to describe someone who is silent.

The root قرشم (q-r-sh-m) primarily relates to the concept of gathering, collecting, or consolidating. It also extends to descriptions of large or rough entities, and in a derived sense, to hardness and strength.

This root primarily deals with the concept of breaking, biting, or crushing something, often with a sense of force or sharpness. It can describe the act of breaking off a piece or the sound associated with such an action.

This root primarily relates to the act of taking, biting, or cutting off pieces of something. It extends to descriptions of individuals or animals that are voracious or large, and also includes specific terms for parts of plants and names of tribes or individuals.

This root primarily relates to the safflower plant and its seeds, often described as red or colored. It also extends to meanings of cutting, and to descriptions of facial features and well-formedness.