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قسم

Root entry · 36 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the act of dividing, distributing, or portioning something. It extends to concepts of a share, lot, or destiny, as well as oaths and agreements based on division or mutual swearing.

Derived headwords

قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to divideboth

    To split something into parts or portions.

  2. 2.
    to distributeboth

    To allot or give out shares of something.

  3. 3.
    to swearboth

    To take an oath, often invoking God.

قِسْمnoun
  1. 1.
    divisionboth

    The act or result of dividing something.

  2. 2.
    portionboth

    A part or share of a whole.

  3. 3.
    shareboth

    A part of something that is distributed.

  4. 4.
    lotboth

    One's destiny or allotted portion in life.

هذا قسمك وهذا قسمي — This is your share and this is my share.
قِسْمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    divisionboth

    The act of dividing or distributing.

  2. 2.
    distributionboth

    The process of allotting shares.

  3. 3.
    inheritanceboth

    The division of an estate among heirs.

قسمت الصلاة بيني وبين عبدي نصفين — I have divided the prayer between Myself and My servant into two halves.
أَقْسَامnoun
  1. 1.
    divisionsboth

    Plural of division or part.

  2. 2.
    sharesboth

    Plural of share or portion.

  3. 3.
    oathsboth

    Plural of oath.

قَسِيمnoun
  1. 1.
    sharerboth

    One who shares in a division or distribution.

  2. 2.
    partnerboth

    One who shares ownership or participation.

  3. 3.
    halfboth

    A portion equal to half of something.

وأعطيت كل شريك مقسمه وقسمه وقسيمه — and I gave each partner his allotted share, his portion, and his share.
مُقَسَّمnoun
  1. 1.
    allotted shareboth

    The portion or share that has been divided or distributed.

  2. 2.
    place of oathclassical

    A location where an oath was taken.

وأعطيت كل شريك مقسمه وقسمه وقسيمه — and I gave each partner his allotted share, his portion, and his share.
تَقَاسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to share mutuallyboth

    To divide something among themselves.

  2. 2.
    to swear mutuallyboth

    To take oaths together, often in agreement or alliance.

تقاسموا الشيء واقتسموه وتقاسموه: قسموه بينهم — They shared the thing, divided it, and shared it: they divided it among themselves.
اقْتَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to divide among themselvesboth

    To share or partition something mutually.

تقاسموا الشيء واقتسموه وتقاسموه: قسموه بينهم — They shared the thing, divided it, and shared it: they divided it among themselves.
اسْتَقْسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to seek a division by lotboth

    To ask for one's share or fate to be determined by casting lots.

  2. 2.
    to seek an oathclassical

    To request or demand an oath.

وأن تستقسموا بالأزلام — and that you seek division by lot with the arrows.
أَزْلَامnoun
  1. 1.
    arrows for divinationclassical

    Divination arrows used in pre-Islamic times to determine fate or make decisions.

وأن تستقسموا بالأزلام — and that you seek division by lot with the arrows.
قَسَّامnoun
  1. 1.
    dividerboth

    One who divides or distributes things, especially land or property.

  2. 2.
    lot-casterclassical

    One who casts lots to divide shares.

فإنما قسم المعيشة بيننا قسامها — for He is the one who divided sustenance among us.
قَسَامَةnoun
  1. 1.
    oathboth

    A sworn statement, especially in legal contexts.

  2. 2.
    division feeclassical

    A portion taken by a divider for their service.

  3. 3.
    charityclassical

    Alms given to the poor.

والقسامة: الصدقة لأنها تقسم على الضعفاء — And al-Qasāmah: charity because it is distributed to the weak.
مُقَاسَمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    sharingboth

    The act of sharing or dividing something.

  2. 2.
    swearing an oathboth

    The act of taking an oath.

قَسِيمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    portionboth

    A divided part or share.

  2. 2.
    separated landclassical

    Land that has been demarcated or separated from another.

وهذه الأرض قسيمة هذه الأرض أي عزلت عنها — And this land is a qasīmah of that land, meaning it is separated from it.
مُقْسِمnoun
  1. 1.
    one who swearsboth

    A person who takes an oath.

  2. 2.
    place of oathclassical

    The location where an oath is taken.

فما لك إلا مقسم ليس فائتا — You have nothing but a sworn oath that cannot be missed.
قَسَمnoun
  1. 1.
    oathboth

    A solemn promise, often invoking God.

  2. 2.
    rightclassical

    A share or entitlement.

فما لك إلا مقسم ليس فائتا — You have nothing but a sworn oath that cannot be missed.
قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to divideboth

    To split something into parts.

  2. 2.
    to portion outboth

    To distribute shares.

قسمت الشيء بين الشركاء — I divided the thing among the partners.
قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to swearboth

    To take an oath.

تقاسموا بالله — They swore by God.
قَسِيمadjective
  1. 1.
    dividingclassical

    That which divides or separates.

مُقَسِّمnoun
  1. 1.
    angelclassical

    An angel who distributes divine commands.

فالمقسمات أمرا — Then those who distribute the command.
تَقْسِيمnoun
  1. 1.
    distributionboth

    The act of distributing or dividing.

  2. 2.
    differentiationboth

    The act of separating or distinguishing.

قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to decreeclassical

    To ordain or determine fate.

قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to be dividedboth

    To be split into parts.

فانقسم — and it became divided.
قَسِيمnoun
  1. 1.
    halfboth

    A share equal to half.

هذا قسيم هذا — This is half of this.
قَسِيمnoun
  1. 1.
    divider of hellclassical

    One who separates people into paradise and hell.

أنا قسيم النار — I am the divider of the Fire.
قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to be separatedboth

    To be divided or dispersed.

قسمهم الدهر يقسمهم فتقسموا — Time divided them, dispersed them, and they became separated.
قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to separateboth

    To divide or disperse.

قسمهم الدهر يقسمهم فتقسموا — Time divided them, dispersed them, and they became separated.
نَوَى قَسُومnoun
  1. 1.
    scattered intentionsclassical

    Distant or dispersed intentions.

نَوَى قَسُوم — scattered intentions.
قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to decreeboth

    To determine or ordain.

قسم أمره قسما — he decreed his affair.
قَسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to considerboth

    To ponder or deliberate on a matter.

قسم أمره قسما: قدره ونظر فيه كيف يفعل — He considered his affair, meaning he decreed it and looked into how to act.
يَقْتَسِمُverb
  1. 1.
    to ponderboth

    To think deeply about something, weighing options.

تركت فلانا يقتسم — I left so-and-so pondering.
قِسْمadjective
  1. 1.
    good judgmentboth

    Possessing sound opinion or counsel.

جيد القسم — good judgment.
مُقْسَمnoun
  1. 1.
    oathboth

    The act of swearing.

أَقْسَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to swearboth

    To take an oath.

أقسمت بالله — I swore by God.
قَسَامَةnoun
  1. 1.
    group of oath-takersclassical

    A group of people who take an oath.

وجاءت قسامة من بني فلان — And a group of oath-takers came from the family of so-and-so.
مُقْتَسِمnoun
  1. 1.
    one who dividesclassical

    Someone who is dividing or sharing.

Parallel reading

قسم الشيء يقسمه قسما فانقسم
He divided the thing, dividing it a division, and it became divided.
والموضع مقسم مثال مجلس
And the place is a place of division, like a sitting place.
وهي القسمة
And it is the division.
والجمع أقسام، وهو القسيم، والجمع أقسماء وأقاسيم، الأخيرة جمع الجمع
And the plural is aqsām, and he is al-qasīm, and the plural is aqsimaa' and aqaasīm, the latter being a plural of the plural.
هذا قسمك وهذا قسمي
This is your share and this is my share.
فالمقسمات أمرا ؛ هي الملائكة تقسم ما وكلت به
Then those who distribute the command; they are the angels distributing what they are charged with.
القسم والمقسم والقسيم نصيب الإنسان من الشيء
Al-qism, al-muqsam, and al-qasīm are a person's share of a thing.
يقال: قسمت الشيء بين الشركاء وأعطيت كل شريك مقسمه وقسمه وقسيمه
It is said: I divided the thing among the partners and gave each partner his allotted share, his portion, and his share.
حصاة تلقى في إناء ثم يصب فيها من الماء قدر ما يغمر الحصاة ثم يتعاطونها، وذلك إذا كانوا في سفر ولا ماء معهم إلا شيء يسير فيقسمونه هكذا
A pebble is thrown into a vessel, then water is poured into it just enough to cover the pebble, then they pass it around, and this is when they are traveling and have only a little water, so they divide it thus.
وتسمى تلك الحصاة المقلة
And that pebble is called al-muqillah.
وتقسموا الشيء واقتسموه وتقاسموه: قسموه بينهم
And they shared the thing, divided it, and shared it: they divided it among themselves.
واستقسموا بالقداح: قسموا الجزور على مقدار حظوظهم منها
And they sought division by lot with arrows: they divided the camel according to their shares of it.
وأن تستقسموا بالأزلام
and that you seek division by lot with the arrows.
فخرج الذي أكره أن لا أضيرهم
So the one came out that I disliked, that I should not harm them.
فأعلم الله عز وجل أن ذلك حرام
So Allah Almighty made it known that that is forbidden.
ومعنى قوله عز وجل وأن تستقسموا بالأزلام أي تطلبوا من جهة الأزلام ما قسم لكم من أحد الأمرين
And the meaning of His saying Almighty: and that you seek division by lot with the arrows, is that you seek from the arrows what has been allotted to you of either of the two matters.
قال: الأزلام قداح الأمر والنهي لا قداح الميسر
He said: The azlām are arrows of command and prohibition, not arrows of gambling.
وقاسمته المال: أخذت منه قسمك وأخذ قسمه
And I shared the wealth with him: I took your share from it and he took his share.
وهذا قسيم هذا أي شطره
And this is a qasīm of this, meaning its half.
ويقال: هذه الأرض قسيمة هذه الأرض أي عزلت عنها
And it is said: This land is a qasīmah of that land, meaning it is separated from it.
أنا قسيم النار
I am the divider of the Fire.
فريق معي وهم على هدى، وفريق علي وهم على ضلال كالخوارج، فأنا قسيم النار نصف في الجنة معي ونصف علي في النار
A group with me, and they are on guidance, and a group against me, and they are in error like the Khawarij, so I am the divider of the Fire; half in Paradise with me and half against me in the Fire.
والاسم القسمة مؤنثة
And the noun is al-qismah, which is feminine.
فارزقوهم منه، بعد قوله تعالى: وإذا حضر القسمة ، لأنها في معنى الميراث والمال فذكر على ذلك
So provide for them from it, after His saying Almighty: And when the division is present, because it is in the meaning of inheritance and wealth, so it was mentioned accordingly.
والقسام: الذي يقسم الدور والأرض بين الشركاء فيها
And al-Qassām: the one who divides houses and land among the partners in them.
فارضوا بما قسم المليك، فإنما قسم المعيشة بيننا قسامها
So be content with what the Sovereign has divided, for He is the one who divided sustenance among us.
قسمت الصلاة بيني وبين عبدي نصفين
I have divided the prayer between Myself and My servant into two halves.
هذه الآية بيني وبين عبدي
This verse is between Me and My servant.
والقسامة: ما يعزله القاسم لنفسه من رأس المال ليكون أجرا له
And al-Qasāmah: what the divider sets aside for himself from the capital to be his wage.
إياكم والقسامة ، بالضم
Beware of al-Qasāmah, with dammah.
هي ما يأخذه القسام من رأس المال عن أجرته لنفسه كما يأخذ السماسرة رسما مرسوما لا أجرا معلوما
It is what the divider takes from the capital as his wage for himself, like brokers take a fixed fee, not a known wage.
وأما القسامة، بالكسر، فهي صنعة القسام كالجزارة والجزارة والبشارة والبشارة
As for al-Qasāmah, with kasrah, it is the craft of the divider, like butchery and good news.
والقسامة: الصدقة لأنها تقسم على الضعفاء
And al-Qasāmah: charity because it is distributed to the weak.
مثل الذي يأكل القسامة كمثل جدي بطنه مملوء رضفا
The example of one who consumes al-Qasāmah is like a kid whose belly is full of hot stones.
وعنده قسم يقسمه أي عطاء، ولا يجمع، وهو من القسمة
And he has a qism that he gives, meaning a gift, and it is not pluralized, and it is from division.
قسمهم الدهر يقسمهم فتقسموا أي فرقهم فتفرقوا
Time divided them, dispersed them, and they became separated, meaning He separated them, so they became dispersed.
نَوَى قَسُوم
scattered intentions.
تقسم ما فيها، فإن هي قسمت فذاك، وإن أكرت فعن أهلها تكري
It divides what is in it; if it is divided, then that is it, and if it is diminished, it is diminished by its people.
والقسم الرأي، وقيل: الشك، وقيل: القدر
And al-Qism is opinion, and it is said: doubt, and it is said: destiny.
ظنة شبهت فأمكنها القسم فأعدته، والخبير خبير
A suspicion was likened, and doubt allowed it, so she repeated it, and the knowledgeable is knowledgeable.
قسم أمره قسما: قدره ونظر فيه كيف يفعل
He decreed his affair, meaning he decreed it and looked into how to act.
تركت فلانا يقتسم أي يفكر ويروي بين أمرين
I left so-and-so pondering, meaning thinking and weighing between two matters.
ويقال: تركت فلانا يستقسم بمعناه
And it is said: I left so-and-so seeking division, with the same meaning.
ورجل مقسم: مشترك الخواطر بالهموم
And a man muqsam: sharing thoughts with worries.
والقسم، بالتحريك: اليمين، وكذلك المقسم، وهو المصدر مثل المخرج، والجمع أقسام
And al-Qasam, with harakah: the oath, and likewise al-Muqsam, and it is the masdar like al-makhraj, and the plural is aqsām.
وقد أقسم بالله واستقسمه به وقاسمه: حلف له
And he swore by God, and sought an oath by Him, and swore with him: he swore to him.
قالوا تقاسموا بالله
They said: Swear by God.
هم الذين تقاسموا وتحالفوا على كيد الرسول، صلى الله عليه وسلم
They are those who swore oaths and allied themselves against the plot of the Messenger, peace be upon him.
هم اليهود والنصارى الذين جعلوا القرآن عضين آمنوا ببعضه وكفروا ببعضه
They are the Jews and Christians who made the Quran into factions, believing in some of it and disbelieving in some of it.
حيث تقاسموا على الكفر
where they swore oaths upon disbelief.
تقاسموا: من القسم اليمين أي تحالفوا
Taqāsamū: from al-qism the oath, meaning they allied themselves.
والقسامة الجماعة يقسمون على الشيء أو يشهدون
And al-Qasāmah is the group who swear upon a thing or bear witness.
الأيمان تقسم على أولياء الدم
The oaths are sworn upon the blood relatives.
وجاءت قسامة من بني فلان، وأصله اليمين ثم جعل قوما
And a group of oath-takers came from the family of so-and-so, and its origin is the oath, then it was made into a group.
وقتل فلان فلانا بالقسامة أي باليمين
And so-and-so killed so-and-so by al-Qasāmah, meaning by oath.
والمقسم: القسم
And al-Muqsam: the oath.
والمقسم: الموضع الذي حلف فيه
And al-Muqsam: the place where he swore.
أقسم يقسم إقساما
He swore, he swears, swearing.