فمم

Root entry · 15 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the mouth, its opening, and related actions. It also touches upon the concept of 'then' or sequence, and the act of tanning or treating hides.

Derived headwords

فَمnoun

1.
mouthboth
The organ of speech and eating, the opening in the face.

ثُمَّparticle

1.
thenboth
Used to indicate sequence or order in time or place.

فَمَاnoun

1.
mouth (accusative)both
The accusative form of 'famm' (mouth).

بِفَمٍnoun

1.
mouth (genitive)both
The genitive form of 'famm' (mouth).

فُوَيْهnoun

1.
little mouthboth
The diminutive form of 'famm' (mouth).

أَفْوَاهnoun

1.
mouthsboth
The plural form of 'famm' (mouth).

فَمِيّnoun

1.
my mouthboth
The first-person possessive form of 'famm' (mouth).

فَمَوِيّnoun

1.
related to the mouthclassical
An adjective or noun indicating relation to the mouth, possibly derived from the original form 'faww'.

فَمَوَانnoun

1.
two mouthsclassical
The dual form of 'famm' (mouth), possibly retaining elements of the original 'faww'.

فُوهnoun

1.
mouth (original form)classical
The original or underlying form of 'famm' (mouth), from which other forms are derived.

فِيnoun

1.
mouth (poetic)classical
A poetic form of 'famm' (mouth), often used when the original 'h' is dropped.

فَاnoun

1.
mouth (poetic, in addition)classical
A poetic form of 'famm' (mouth), sometimes used in addition or when the original 'h' is dropped.

دِبْغَةnoun

1.
tanningboth
The process of treating hides or skins to prevent decay and make them pliable.

نَفْسًاnoun

1.
soul, self, essenceboth
Refers to the essence or spirit, and in this context, can mean a 'breath' or 'essence' of tanning material.

أَنْفُسnoun

1.
souls, selvesboth
The plural of 'nafs' (soul, self).

Parallel reading

لغة في ثم، وقيل: فاء فم بدل من ثاء ثم.

A variant of 'thumma' (then), and it is said that the 'fa' of 'famm' (mouth) is a substitute for the 'tha' of 'thumma'.

يقال: رأيت عمرا فم زيدا وثم زيدا بمعنى واحد.

It is said: 'I saw Amr, then Zayd,' and 'I saw Amr and then Zayd,' meaning the same thing.

يقال هذا فم، مفتوح الفاء مخفف الميم، وكذلك في النصب والخفض رأيت فما ومررت بفم.

It is said: 'This is 'famm', with an open 'fa' and a light 'mim', and similarly in the accusative and genitive: 'I saw 'fama' and I passed by 'famm'.

ومنهم من يقول هذا فم ومررت بفم ورأيت فما، فيضم الفاء في كل حال كما يفتحها في كل حال؛

And some of them say: 'This is 'famm', and I passed by 'famm', and I saw 'fama', so they pronounce the 'fa' with damma in every case, just as they pronounce it with fatha in every case;

وأما بتشديد الميم فإنه يجوز في الشعر كما قال محمد بن ذؤيب العماني الفقيمي:

As for the doubled 'mim', it is permissible in poetry, as Muhammad ibn Dhu'ayb al-'Umani al-Faqimi said:

يا ليتها قد خرجت من فمه، ... حتى يعود الملك في أسطمه

Oh, would that it had come out of his mouth, ... until the kingdom returned to its foundation.

قال: ولو قال من فمه، بفتح الفاء، لجاز؛

He said: And if he had said 'min fammihi', with an open 'fa', it would have been permissible;

وأما فو وفي وفا فإنما يقال في الإضافة إلا أن العجاج قال:

As for 'faw', 'fi', and 'fa', they are only said in an idafa construction, except that al-'Ajjaj said:

خالط من سلمى خياشيم وفا

It mixed with Salma's nostrils and mouth.

قال الليث: أما فو وفا وفي فإن أصل بنائها الفوه، حذفت الهاء من آخرها وحملت الواو على الرفع والنصب والجر

Al-Layth said: As for 'faw', 'fa', and 'fi', their original construction is 'faww', from which the 'ha' at the end was removed, and the 'waw' carried the case endings of nominative, accusative, and genitive.

فإذا صغرت أو جمعت رددته إلى أصله وقلت فويه وأفواه،

So when you form the diminutive or plural, you return it to its origin and say 'fuwayh' (little mouth) and 'afwah' (mouths),

فإذا نسبت إليه قلت فمي، وإن شئت فموي يجمع بين العوض وبين الحرف الذي عوض منه،

And when you attribute it to yourself, you say 'fami' (my mouth), and if you wish, 'famawi', combining the substitute and the letter for which it is a substitute,

هما نفثا في في من فمويهما، ... على النابح العاوي، أشد رجام

They both breathed into the mouth from their mouths, ... upon the barking, howling one, the strongest expulsion.

يقال هذا فم ورأيت فما ومررت بفم، بفتح الفاء على كل حال، ومنهم من يضم الفاء على كل حال، ومنهم من يكسر الفاء على كل حال،

It is said: 'This is 'famm', and I saw 'fama', and I passed by 'famm', with an open 'fa' in all cases; and some of them pronounce the 'fa' with damma in all cases, and some of them pronounce the 'fa' with kasra in all cases,

فم وثم من حروف النسق.

'Famm' and 'thumma' are conjunctions.

الدبغة أن تلقي عليه فما من دباغ خفيفة أي فما من دباغ أي نفسا،

Tanning is when you apply to it a light 'famm' of tanning, meaning a 'famm' of tanning, i.e., a 'nafs' (essence/breath).