برسم

Root entry · 17 derived lemmas

This root primarily discusses a specific illness, 'al-barsam', and its etymology. It also touches upon related terms and the linguistic treatment of foreign loanwords in Arabic.

Derived headwords

البَرْسامnoun

1.
A specific illnessclassical
A known illness, often affecting the head, possibly of foreign origin.

بَرَّسَمَverb

1.
To suffer from 'al-barsam'classical
To be afflicted with the illness known as 'al-barsam'.

مُبَرْسَمadjective

1.
Afflicted with 'al-barsam'classical
One who is suffering from the illness 'al-barsam'.

الإِبْرِيسِمnoun

1.
Silkclassical
A type of fine fabric, identified as silk. It is considered a loanword in Arabic.

قَزّnoun

1.
Silkboth
Another term for silk, often used interchangeably with 'ibriysim'.

سِرْسامnoun

1.
Head illnessclassical
An illness specifically affecting the head, contrasted with 'al-barsam'.

سِرّnoun

1.
Headboth
The head, used in the context of explaining the term 'sirsam'.

فِرِنْدnoun

1.
Swordclassical
A term for a sword, mentioned as an example of a foreign word that has been Arabized.

دِيباجnoun

1.
Brocadeclassical
A type of rich fabric, mentioned as an example of a foreign word that has been Arabized.

راقودnoun

1.
A type of vesselclassical
A term for a type of vessel or container, mentioned as an example of a foreign word that has been Arabized.

شَهْرِيزnoun

1.
A type of garmentclassical
A term for a type of garment, mentioned as an example of a foreign word that has been Arabized.

آجُرّnoun

1.
Brickclassical
A building material, mentioned as an example of a foreign word that has been Arabized.

نَيْرُوزnoun

1.
New Year's Dayclassical
A Persian festival, mentioned as an example of a foreign word that has been Arabized.

زَنْجَبِيلnoun

1.
Gingerboth
A spice, mentioned as an example of a foreign word that has been Arabized.

إِسْحاقname

1.
Isaacclassical
A proper name, mentioned as an example of a foreign name that is not fully Arabized.

يَعْقُوبname

1.
Jacobclassical
A proper name, mentioned as an example of a foreign name that is not fully Arabized.

إِبْراهِيمname

1.
Abrahamclassical
A proper name, mentioned as an example of a foreign name that is not fully Arabized.

Parallel reading

البرسام: الموم.

Al-barsam: The flux/illness.

ويقال لهذه العلة البرسام، وكأنه معرب، وبر: هو الصدر، وسام: من أسماء الموت، وقيل: معناه الابن، والأول أصح لأن العلة إذا كانت في الرأس يقال سرسام

And this illness is called al-barsam, and it seems to be a loanword. 'Bar' means the chest, and 'sam' is one of the names of death. It is also said to mean 'son', but the former is more correct because if the illness is in the head, it is called 'sirsam'.

والمبلسم والمبرسم واحد.

And al-mubalsam and al-mubarsam are the same.

الجوهري: البرسام علة معروفة، وقد برسم الرجل، فهو مبرسم.

Al-Jawhari: Al-barsam is a known illness, and a man may suffer from it, so he is mubarsam.

قال: والإبريسم معرب وفيه ثلاث لغات، والعرب تخلط فيما ليس من كلامها؛

He said: And al-ibriysim is a loanword and has three pronunciations, and the Arabs mix in what is not from their language.

قال ابن السكيت: هو الإبريسم، بكسر الهمزة والراء وفتح السين،

Ibn al-Sikkit said: It is al-ibriysim, with a kasra on the hamza and ra, and a fatha on the sin.

وقال: ليس في كلام العرب «2» إفعيلل مثل إهليلج وإبريسم، وهو ينصرف،

And he said: There is no pattern 'if'ilal' in Arabic like 'ihlillaj' and 'ibriysim', and it is declinable.

وكذلك إن سميت به على جهة التلقيب انصرف في المعرفة والنكرة، لأن العرب أعربته في نكرته وأدخلت عليه الألف واللام وأجرته مجرى ما أصل بنائه لهم،

And likewise, if it is named by it as a designation, it is declinable in definite and indefinite states, because the Arabs Arabized it in its indefinite form and added the definite article 'al-' to it, treating it as if its origin was Arabic.

وكذلك الفرند والديباج والراقود والشهريز والآجر والنيروز والزنجبيل، وليس كذلك إسحق ويعقوب وإبراهيم، لأن العرب ما أعربتها إلا في حال تعريفها ولم تنطق بها إلا معارف ولم تنقلها من تنكير إلى تعريف؛

And likewise al-firind, al-dibaj, al-raqwd, al-shahriz, al-ajur, al-nayruz, and al-zanjabil. But it is not so with Ishaq, Ya'qub, and Ibrahim, because the Arabs only Arabized them in their definite state and did not utter them except as definite nouns, and did not transfer them from indefinite to definite.

قال ابن بري: ومنهم من يقول أبريسم، بفتح الهمزة والراء،

Ibn Barrī said: And some of them say 'abrisim', with a fatha on the hamza and ra.

ومنهم من يكسر الهمزة ويفتح الراء؛

And some of them kasra the hamza and fatha the ra.

قال ذو الرمة: كأنما اعتمت ذرى الأجبال ... بالقز، والإبريسم الهلهال

Dhu al-Rummah said: As if the peaks of the mountains were covered ... with silk, and the fine silk.