Taj al-Arus (Zabidi, d. 1205H)

This root primarily concerns sleeplessness, lack of sleep, and the state of being awake. It extends to meanings of vigilance, alertness, and even positive qualities like goodness or eagerness.

This root entry pertains to a specific geographical location, the city of Suhraward, situated between Zanjān and Hamadān. It also references prominent individuals from this city, specifically two scholars known by the nisba (attribution) of Suhrawardi.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of mastery, leadership, nobility, and authority. It extends to terms for a master, lord, chief, or noble person, and can also refer to a husband or a prominent figure. The root also encompasses the idea of being a leader or a master of something.

This root appears to relate to a negative physical description, possibly referring to someone or something being ill-formed, stunted, or misshapen. It is used in a derogatory context to describe undesirable characteristics.

This root appears to relate to the concept of blackness or darkness, possibly as a descriptor for something dark in color or appearance. It is noted as being obscure and not widely documented.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of strength, intensity, severity, and hardship. It extends to meanings of reinforcement, tightening, and extreme effort, often in the context of difficult times or physical exertion.

This root appears to be related to the concept of learning or being taught, possibly with a foreign origin. It describes someone who is a learner or a student.

This root primarily concerns the concept of straying, escaping, or becoming lost, often implying a departure from a group, order, or control. It extends to actions of driving away, scattering, and making something or someone an outcast. It can also refer to a horse or camel that is difficult to control or a person who deviates from the norm or authority.

This root appears to be related to proper names, specifically a Persian name that has been Arabized. It is primarily used in historical contexts to refer to individuals and their lineage.

This root primarily deals with the concept of splitting, dividing, or separating into groups or branches. It extends to the idea of tribes, peoples, and their divisions, as well as the act of scattering or dispersing.

This root appears to be related to a specific geographical location, a large and expansive district in the city of Nishapur. It is also associated with scholars who were attributed to this region.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of plant, possibly a herb, characterized by its milky sap. The term is noted as rare and potentially a variant or inversion of another word.

This root primarily concerns the concept of giving, granting, or bestowing something, often in the form of provisions or gifts. It also extends to related ideas like gratitude, acquiring inferior goods, and providing food or drink.

This root appears to relate to specific plants or trees, and also to a swift female camel. The derived terms are rare and primarily found in classical poetry and lexicography.

This root describes a state of being filled with intense anger or rage. It specifically refers to a person becoming overwhelmed by fury.

This root primarily relates to the concept of sharpness, keenness, and lightness, particularly when applied to speech or the edges of things like teeth or metal. It also extends to the idea of being quick and agile.

This root primarily concerns the concept of witnessing, presence, and knowledge. It encompasses bearing witness, being present, and having knowledge of something. It also extends to the idea of a witness, a martyr, and the act of testifying or swearing.

This root entry is very brief and appears to be a proper noun, possibly a name, rather than a semantic root with derived meanings. It is described as one of their names and means 'sultan of the youths'.

This root primarily relates to the rising and elevation of the sun. It is noted that the correct spelling might involve the letter 'dhāl' (ذ) instead of 'dāl' (د).

The root شيد (sh-y-d) primarily relates to coating or plastering surfaces, particularly walls, with materials like gypsum or mortar. It extends metaphorically to raising, elevating, or making something prominent, whether in a positive or negative sense, and also to destruction or perishing.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intense heat, particularly of the sun, and its effects. It also extends to sounds associated with distress or exertion, and to qualities of hardness and steadfastness, often metaphorically linked to heat or solidity.

The root صرد (ṣ-r-d) primarily relates to concepts of purity, intensity, and coldness. It extends to meanings of being firm, solid, or abundant, and also encompasses notions of error, deficiency, and scarcity. The root is also associated with specific geographical locations, a type of bird, and physical attributes.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of wine and a place name associated with it. It also includes a personal name derived from this place.

This entry discusses a place name, specifically a village or coastal town in the Levant, known for its figs. It also mentions a historical figure associated with this location.

The root صعد primarily denotes upward movement, ascent, or climbing. It extends to concepts of rising in status, reaching a destination, or overcoming difficulty. It also encompasses related ideas like going towards a higher place, or even descending in specific contexts, and can refer to a mountain in hell or a difficult task.

The root صعد (ṣaʿada) primarily relates to upward movement, ascent, and elevation. It extends to concepts of difficulty, hardship, and steepness, often associated with challenging paths or strenuous effort. The root also encompasses geographical terms for roads, places, and even specific regions.

This root primarily denotes place names, specifically locations in Central Asia and Armenia. It also refers to people associated with these places, particularly in historical contexts.

This root primarily deals with the concept of binding, tying, and restraining, often with physical restraints like chains or shackles. It extends metaphorically to spiritual binding, such as the chaining of devils, and also encompasses the idea of giving or bestowing gifts, which can be seen as a form of 'binding' someone to the giver.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of timid bird, often used in proverbs to denote extreme cowardice. It may also refer to a specific individual or entity associated with this characteristic.

This root appears to be related to wine or intoxicating beverages, with some discussion about its etymology and pronunciation. It also touches upon poetic descriptions of nature, possibly using the term metaphorically.

This root primarily describes something as strong, robust, and mature, particularly when referring to camels. It extends to concepts of being firm, powerful, and advanced in age or strength.

This root appears to describe negative or undesirable traits in men, focusing on physical appearance, character flaws, and undesirable habits. It encompasses terms for being ill-tempered, stingy, or having a specific facial characteristic.

This root appears to relate to the core or essence of something, as well as intense anger or swelling with it. It describes purity and being at the heart of a group.

This root appears to describe things that are solid, dense, or scarce, particularly in relation to animals (camels, sheep) and resources (water). It can also denote extremes, such as being both abundant and scarce.

This root primarily concerns rapid movement, swift departure, and going far into the land. It also extends to descriptions of terrain that is straight or difficult to traverse, and by extension, to the lion as a powerful, swift creature.

This root primarily describes a state of being solid, firm, or swollen. It is used to denote a strong and robust man, and also a swollen or bloated condition of the body, often due to fat or illness.

This root primarily denotes concepts of nobility, leadership, and greatness, often associated with high status, power, and authority. It extends to meanings of intensity and severity, particularly concerning natural phenomena like wind, cold, and rain, and can also refer to significant challenges or dangers.

This root entry discusses the Arabic letter 'ṣād' (ص). It details its classification as an emphatic letter that prevents fronting (imālah) and explores the etymology of its vowel, suggesting it may be derived from either a 'wāw' or a 'yā'. The entry also notes that the letter 'ṣād' itself is feminine.

This root primarily concerns intense heat, particularly from the sun, and its effects. It extends to describe mirages, arid wastelands, and physically imposing or tall entities, as well as a specific geographical location.

The root صيد (ṣayd) primarily relates to hunting, capturing, and the game or prey obtained. It extends to concepts of seeking, trapping, and even specific geographical locations and materials associated with these activities. The root also encompasses metaphorical uses related to affliction, illness, and pride.

This root primarily relates to the concept of sickness, specifically a cold or nasal congestion. It also extends to describe a woman's private parts and a specific location or water source.

This root primarily relates to anger and agitation, with a secondary meaning concerning the mixing of dates. It also encompasses the act of provoking someone by mentioning things that anger them.

This root primarily concerns opposition, contradiction, and rivalry. It extends to concepts of being a match or equal, as well as the act of overcoming or defeating someone in a dispute. It also encompasses the meaning of filling something, anger, and a specific tribal name.

This root primarily refers to a specific mountain or a type of terrain, possibly a volcanic plain or a burial ground. It is associated with a place name and its geographical features.

This root appears to describe the act of choking or strangling someone. It is a rare root with limited usage and is primarily found in classical Arabic dictionaries.