Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily relates to the concept of anger or wrath. It also includes a specific geographical name, a mountain.

This root primarily relates to fortified structures, specifically strongholds or castles. It also encompasses the concept of being firmly established or settled within such a place.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a mound, hillock, or elevated land formation. It also extends to related concepts like the buttocks, often described as a rounded elevation.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pain, suffering, and affliction. It encompasses the experience of pain, the act of causing pain, and the state of being in pain or causing pain to others.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fattening, growing large, and being well-built. It also extends to describe the intense thirst and the appearance of large creatures.

This root primarily concerns the state of being without a spouse, either due to never marrying, being widowed, or being divorced. It also extends to concepts of loss, desolation, and even specific natural phenomena like smoke and snakes.

This root appears to be related to severe or calamitous events. The primary derived term signifies major disasters or calamities.

This root appears to relate to qualities of abundance, fullness, and capacity, often applied metaphorically to both physical attributes and mental faculties. It can describe something that is plentiful or someone who is substantial, capable, or wise.

This root primarily concerns feelings of annoyance, weariness, and aversion. It also extends to meanings related to being excluded, stubbornness, and the specific fruits of certain thorny trees. Additionally, it denotes expertly crafted or tightly bound items, particularly ropes and fabrics.

This root primarily relates to the knuckles or joints of the fingers, specifically those on the back of the hand. It also extends to a specific group of people from the Tamim tribe, known as 'al-Barājim', and is referenced in a proverb.

This root primarily concerns a specific illness and its associated states. It also delves into the etymology and grammatical treatment of a loanword, 'abrisam' (silk), comparing it to other foreign words adopted into Arabic.

This root primarily relates to expressions of sadness, grief, and a focused, intense gaze. It describes a state of being overwhelmed by sorrow and the visual manifestation of such an emotional state.

This root primarily concerns the initial stage of a plant's growth, specifically the bud before it opens into a flower or leaf. It extends to the act of a tree producing these buds.

This root primarily describes physical features related to the lips, specifically large or protruding lips. It also extends to express a state of sulking or silent anger, often characterized by a puffed-out appearance.

This root primarily relates to the act of prolonged, steady gazing and stillness of the eye. It also encompasses a specific theological group and is associated with the etymology and variations of the proper name Abraham.

This root primarily relates to biting or seizing with the front teeth, and by extension, to grasping or holding. It also extends to specific actions related to milking, eating, and fastening.

This root primarily concerns the act of smiling, ranging from a slight smile to more pronounced laughter. It also extends to the physical location of the smile, the mouth or teeth, and describes individuals who smile frequently.

This root appears to be related to names, specifically personal names derived from foreign origins. The primary focus is on the name 'Bistam' and its etymology.

This root primarily relates to feelings of fullness, satiety, and disgust, often associated with overconsumption, particularly of food or milk. It also extends to the pleasant scent of a specific tree used for oral hygiene.

This root primarily relates to the act of marking or stamping, often with a finger or thumb. It extends to the concept of a mark or impression left behind, and by extension, a signature or seal.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a green seed or fruit, specifically a type of pistachio or similar nut. It also extends to the idea of being plump or full, particularly in relation to the cheeks.

This root primarily concerns sounds, particularly indistinct or soft vocalizations. It extends to the idea of speaking softly, conversing in a gentle tone, and also to a lack of clear articulation or understanding.

The root 'بقم' primarily refers to a specific type of dye or coloring substance, often associated with the color red. It is also discussed in the context of Arabic grammar, specifically concerning the formation of words and their declension.

This root primarily concerns the state of being mute or speechless. It describes a congenital or acquired inability to speak, often implying a profound lack of vocal expression.

This root primarily relates to swelling, particularly of the vulva in a female camel, leading to a state of distress or inability to vocalize. It also extends to the concept of disfigurement or making something ugly, and includes specific terms for parts of plants and a carpenter's tool.

This root primarily relates to concepts of heaviness, slowness, and a certain type of physical or vocal disturbance. It describes a person who is heavy and awkward, a horse with a disturbed throat, and a general sense of being slow or sluggish.

This root primarily concerns the act of swallowing and the anatomical structures involved in eating and digestion. It also extends to describe individuals characterized by excessive eating and swallowing.

This root primarily relates to phlegm, a bodily humor associated with the four temperaments in classical medicine. It also extends to concepts of mucus, viscous substances, and by extension, a sluggish or phlegmatic disposition.

This root appears to relate to thick or coarse strings, specifically those used in musical instruments like the lute.

This root primarily refers to the owl, a nocturnal bird of prey. It encompasses the general term for the bird and distinctions between male and female.

This root primarily concerns young animals, specifically lambs and kids, and their collective terms. It extends to describe things that are unclear, indistinct, or difficult to approach, like a brave warrior or an ambiguous matter. It also includes terms for the thumb and a type of plant.

This root primarily concerns the concept of twins or multiples born at the same time, whether human or animal. It extends to related ideas of pairing, succession, and even specific geographical locations and objects associated with this concept.

This root primarily relates to the concept of protection, guarding, or shielding. It can also refer to a specific type of woven fabric, possibly implying a protective or durable quality.

This root primarily concerns the concept of boundaries, limits, and extremities, whether of a village, land, or even abstract concepts. It also extends to the idea of fullness or surfeit, particularly in relation to food.

This root primarily denotes a place or location, often a valley or a low-lying area. It can also refer to a specific geographical site.

This root appears to relate to the concept of learning, discipleship, and the act of being a student. It encompasses the individuals who learn and the process of acquiring knowledge.

This root primarily concerns the concept of completion, perfection, and fullness. It extends to the idea of reaching a final stage, being complete, and also encompasses related concepts like a completed pregnancy, a full moon, and even a specific type of long night. It also includes derived terms for specific objects and people associated with completion or strength.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of tree and its fruit, which is edible and consumed by desert dwellers. It also encompasses the concept of growth or increase, though this is less prominent in the provided text.

This root primarily relates to the concept of eggs, particularly bird eggs, and by extension, small, round objects resembling eggs, such as silver ornaments.

This root primarily relates to the geographical region of Tihamah, a low-lying coastal plain in western Arabia. Derived terms describe the region itself, people from there, and the act of going to or frequenting Tihamah. It also extends to abstract concepts like suspicion or accusation, possibly metaphorically linked to being 'in the lowlands' or obscured.

The root تيم primarily relates to concepts of servitude, devotion, and enslavement, often in a context of love or worship. It also extends to specific tribal names and geographical locations.

This root primarily deals with the concept of spoiling, corrupting, or damaging something, often in a way that makes it unusable or flawed. It can also extend to the idea of being slow or delayed, though this usage is less prominent in the provided text.

This root primarily relates to the concept of abundant and continuous rain. It describes the intensity and duration of rainfall, and by extension, the act of raining heavily.

This root primarily concerns the breaking or chipping of teeth, specifically the incisors. It extends to the state of having a broken tooth and the act of causing such damage, either accidentally or intentionally.

This root pertains to remnants or leftovers, specifically what remains in a container after consumption. It can refer to leftover food, sauce, or any residue.

This root appears to relate to the concept of taking or pulling something away, and by extension, to being pleased or impressed by something.

This root primarily relates to a type of plant found in mountains, characterized by its white appearance when dry. It is also used metaphorically to describe greying hair. Additionally, the root denotes a fierce or predatory dog.

This root primarily relates to the middle or center of something, particularly a road. It also describes the act of staying in a place, often due to intoxication, and the act of adhering to or sticking to a path.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a breach, gap, or damage, particularly in solid structures like walls or containers. It extends to describe a notch or chip, and metaphorically, a flaw or defect. The root also encompasses the act of causing such damage and the state of being damaged.