Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the concepts of fatigue, exhaustion, and weakness. It extends to meanings of foolishness, corrupted or inferior things, and the act of causing distress or spoiling something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a title, epithet, or nickname. It describes the act of bestowing or adopting such an appellation, and the appellation itself.

This root primarily relates to volcanic terrain, specifically lava fields and stony ground. It also extends to concepts of thirst and a type of perfume.

The root لهب (lahaba) primarily relates to the concept of fire, its flames, and intense burning. It extends to describe intense heat, thirst, and even the exertion of a horse. Figuratively, it can refer to gaps or openings.

This root primarily relates to the sound of a goat or ram when agitated or calling out. It also extends to describe segments of hollow reeds or tubes.

This root primarily relates to the prominence and protrusion of something, particularly the breasts. It can also refer to a high or elevated place.

This root primarily relates to the bark of trees, selection, and nobility. It extends to describe qualities of character, offspring, and even specific objects like leather goods, cups, and arrows.

The root نحب (n-h-b) primarily relates to vows, promises, and the exertion of effort, often in the context of travel or a task. It also encompasses concepts of time, duration, and the act of crying out in grief, as well as a camel's cough.

The root نخب (n-kh-b) primarily relates to the concept of pulling, extracting, or selecting something. It extends to meanings of provisions, choice selections, and also carries a negative connotation of cowardice.

This root primarily deals with the concept of holes, cavities, and openings, particularly those found in the ground or in structures. It can also extend to the idea of destruction or ruin, often as a consequence of such openings or decay.

The root 'ndb' primarily relates to lamenting the dead, calling to action, and characteristics of speed or lightness. It also encompasses the concept of a scar or mark, and a sense of danger or risk.

This root appears to relate to negative social behaviors, specifically malice, slander, and gossip. It describes someone who is not prone to spreading ill will or speaking ill of others.

This root primarily describes the sound made by a male gazelle during mating. It specifically refers to the vocalization of the male gazelle when it is sexually aroused and attempting to mate.

This root primarily concerns lineage, kinship, and genealogical connections. It extends to concepts of belonging, attribution, and resemblance, as well as the act of recounting or claiming such relationships.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something becoming attached, stuck, or entangled. It extends to the idea of wealth and property, particularly immovable assets, and also encompasses conflict and the act of engaging in it. The root also relates to archery.

The root 'نصب' (naṣaba) primarily relates to the concept of setting something upright, establishing, or erecting. It extends to meanings of exertion, fatigue, and hardship, as well as to the establishment of religious idols and the concept of a minimum threshold for taxation.

This root primarily concerns the concept of water disappearing or receding, either by sinking into the ground or by becoming distant. It also extends to the idea of distance or remoteness in general, and to specific types of trees.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of striking or tapping action, particularly involving the ear.

This root primarily relates to the sound of a crow's caw, but extends metaphorically to the crowing of a rooster. It also signifies rapid movement, specifically in horses and camels, and a particular head movement during locomotion.

This root primarily relates to the act of drinking or swallowing in gulps, often referring to a large quantity or a deep draught. It also extends metaphorically to signify a bad deed or action.

This root primarily concerns deviation, turning aside, or being struck. It extends to concepts of reliance, physical impact, and specific geographical or meteorological phenomena like winds and elevated land.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of succession, taking turns, and coming and going. It extends to encompass the idea of something arriving or happening, including misfortunes, and also refers to specific groups of people and insects.

This root primarily concerns the concept of taking or seizing something, often forcefully or as spoils of war. It extends to metaphorical senses of attacking verbally or physically, and even to the act of a dog biting.

This root primarily concerns the canine tooth, its characteristics, and related concepts. It extends to terms for a leader, a mature female camel, and the act of aging or becoming old, particularly for female camels.

This root primarily concerns concepts of shrinking, shyness, shame, and embarrassment. It extends to related ideas of disgrace, aversion, and even physical descriptions of things that are contracted or hold water.

The root 'wathaba' (وثب) primarily denotes the act of leaping, jumping, or springing. It extends to meanings of attacking, seizing, or taking over something, often unjustly. It also encompasses related concepts like sitting, being seated, or providing a place to sit.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of obligation, necessity, and falling or settling. It extends to meanings of deserving, being due, and the physical act of falling or collapsing. It also encompasses emotional states like a beating heart and specific actions related to sales and eating.

This root primarily deals with the concept of corruption, decay, or becoming spoiled, particularly in relation to lineage or ancestry. It implies a degradation or impurity that affects the quality or standing of something.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a spout or channel for water, particularly from a roof or a vessel. It also encompasses the act of pouring or flowing through such a channel.

This root pertains to the abundance of vegetation on land. It describes the state of the earth when it is covered with plentiful grass and plants.

This root primarily deals with the concept of being mixed, mingled, or scattered. It describes groups of people or things that are diverse and not uniform, often implying a lack of order or a heterogeneous composition.

This root primarily concerns the concept of illness or sickness. It extends to meanings of persistence, constancy, and continuous duration, often in the context of adhering to something or a state of being.

This root primarily relates to containers for milk, specifically leather skins, and by extension, to things that are large or bulky. It also extends to describe a coarse or uncivilized person and a woman with large breasts.

This root primarily concerns the concept of persistence, continuity, and regularity. It extends to ideas of steadfastness, diligent adherence, and the state of being frequently visited or utilized, sometimes to the point of depletion.

This root primarily concerns the concept of gathering, collecting, and bringing together comprehensively. It extends to the idea of completeness, totality, and thoroughness, often implying the removal or extraction of everything.

This root primarily relates to concepts of foolishness, clumsiness, and large size. It also extends to describe discarded or fallen items and large vessels.

The root 'وقب' primarily relates to the concept of entering, sinking, or becoming hollow. It describes physical actions like sinking into the ground or the setting of the sun, as well as abstract concepts like entering darkness or a state of foolishness or hunger.

This root primarily relates to movement, particularly in a stately or purposeful manner, and also to persistence or steadfastness in an endeavor. It encompasses concepts of procession, riding, and steady gait.

This root appears to relate to concepts of growth, succession, and arrival. It describes new growth from old, offspring, and things reaching or arriving.

This root pertains to expressing a curse or a strong wish for misfortune upon someone, akin to 'woe' or 'curse'. It is often used in direct address, implying divine punishment or affliction.

This root primarily concerns waking, arising, and sudden movement. It extends to the rising of wind, the vigor of a camel, and the intensity of a sword. It also encompasses concepts of time, the arousal of animals, and the deterioration of fabric.

The root هدب (h-d-b) primarily relates to fringes, tassels, or hanging elements, particularly those found on clothing, eyes, plants, and even clouds. It extends to concepts of abundance, thickness, and sometimes slowness or heaviness.

This root primarily relates to refinement, purification, and making something orderly or well-behaved. It extends to concepts of speed and swiftness, particularly in movement and speech, and also describes a specific gait of a horse.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fleeing, escaping, or running away. It extends to the idea of moving swiftly and urgently, often due to fear or a desire to avoid something. It can also metaphorically refer to a lack of possessions or resources.

This root appears to relate to concepts of largeness, immensity, and possibly a place name. The primary derived term describes a large, robust female camel.

This root appears to be related to descriptions of physical characteristics, particularly those associated with age or a specific build, and potentially negative character traits linked to such appearances.

This root appears to describe something strong, powerful, and perhaps aggressive, particularly in relation to animals like camels. It conveys a sense of robust capability and forward momentum.

This root primarily relates to concepts of falling, descending, and abundance, particularly in the context of rain and speech. It also extends to descriptions of terrain and horses.