Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily relates to ovens and places where things are baked. It extends to geographical features like springs, water basins, mountains, and specific locations.

This root primarily relates to the concept of flowing, sending, and repetition. It encompasses meanings of running, being a messenger, a vessel for drinking, and the act of returning or repeating something. It also extends to place names and specific historical references.

This root primarily describes elevated or prominent features of the land and sea, as well as things that are high or towering. It also extends to abstract concepts like arrogance and clouds.

This root primarily relates to the concept of flow, currents, and movement, particularly of water. It also extends to abstract notions of arrogance and pride, and can refer to specific geographical locations or individuals.

This root primarily concerns the concept of vengeance, blood feuds, and the pursuit of justice or retribution for a wrong, particularly the shedding of blood. It encompasses the act of seeking revenge, the person who carries it out, and the state of having achieved it.

This root primarily describes a state of being held back, hesitant, or retreating due to fear or confusion. It also encompasses concepts of flowing water and a specific type of excavation.

This root primarily relates to concepts of holding back, preventing, and stopping. It extends to meanings of destruction, perseverance, and specific geographical locations and physical features. It also encompasses terms for a meeting place and a place of birth.

This root primarily relates to depressions, hollows, and wide or expansive areas in the land or within the body. It also extends to concepts of abundance, flowing water, and thick or broad physical characteristics, as well as scattered or dispersed things.

This root primarily relates to abundance, excess, and profusion, particularly concerning water, speech, and physical attributes. It also encompasses concepts of dispersion and speed.

This root primarily describes the act of pouring or overflowing, often with liquids like water or fat. It also extends to concepts of abundance and vastness, particularly in the context of the sea.

This root primarily relates to a poisonous substance derived from acacia trees, and by extension, to growths or blemishes. It also encompasses terms for a short man, specific plant parts, and the act of spreading false information.

This root primarily relates to openings, gaps, or breaches, extending to the mouth and teeth, as well as border regions and vulnerable areas of a territory. It also encompasses concepts of separation and scattering.

This root primarily relates to the posterior parts of animals and humans, specifically the hindquarters, anus, and genitals. It also extends to concepts of pushing or driving from behind, and a specific way of wearing clothing or a saddle.

This root describes a state of agitation, characterized by wavering or hesitation and a feeling of distress or anxiety.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fruit, produce, and offspring. It extends to wealth, abundance, and the growth or maturation of things, including plants, animals, and financial assets. It can also refer to specific parts of objects or plants, and in a figurative sense, to pleasantness or affection.

This root refers to a hole or depression created by flowing water, specifically from a water spout or channel. It describes the erosion caused by water runoff in an agricultural context.

The root الثور (al-thawr) primarily relates to agitation, surging, and rising. It extends to concepts of abundance, significant portions, and also encompasses various geographical locations, types of terrain, and even specific individuals or tribal names. The root also touches upon abstract concepts like anger and madness.

This root primarily relates to raising one's voice, crying out, and intense emotional states. It extends to descriptions of abundant growth in plants and land, and also to physical attributes like being large or stout. Additionally, it encompasses sensations of choking, throat irritation, and intense emotions.

This root pertains to the description of a person, specifically focusing on their physical stature. It defines terms related to being short in height.

This root appears to relate to a place or location, specifically describing its composition. It might also refer to a proper name, possibly a lineage.

This root appears to be related to a place name, specifically a city in Bukhara. It also refers to a person from that place, a scholar and ascetic known for his miracles.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a hole, burrow, or cavity, whether dug by animals or naturally formed. It extends to meanings related to entering, hiding, or being concealed within such spaces, and metaphorically to scarcity, hardship, or being left behind.

This root primarily describes something large, stout, or bulky, often referring to a plant or a person of considerable physical stature. It can also denote specific physical characteristics like a wide belly or shortness combined with stoutness.

This root primarily relates to concepts of shortness, being low, and falling or rolling. It also extends to movement, specifically flight, and can denote large size or a proper name.

This root describes something or someone that is large, stout, and powerfully built. It specifically refers to a stout body, thick joints, and a large physique, often applied to animals, particularly horses.

This root primarily relates to unpleasant odors, particularly of spoiled meat or a woman's private area. It also extends to concepts of emptiness, hollowness, and deficiency, such as an empty stomach, a wide well opening, or a person lacking in intellect or physical substance. Additionally, it encompasses ideas of expansion and bursting forth, like water from a well or a cracked basin.

This root pertains to the concept of being large, bulky, or stout. It describes physical size and immensity, often in a somewhat imposing or substantial manner.

The root الجدر primarily relates to walls and enclosures, extending to concepts of being destined or suited for something. It also encompasses physical manifestations like skin eruptions, plant growth, and even specific locations and tribes.

This root primarily concerns the concept of cutting, severing, and the origin or foundation of things. It extends to the base of the neck, the young of wild cattle, and also refers to specific individuals and physical characteristics.

This root primarily relates to the base, origin, or fundamental part of something. It extends to concepts of totality and, metaphorically, to breaking covenants.

This root primarily relates to cutting, severing, and receding, particularly concerning water levels like tides. It extends to concepts of land formations separated by water (islands), the act of slaughtering animals, and specific geographical locations. It also encompasses terms for butchers and their tools, as well as abstract concepts like death and mutual insults.

This root primarily relates to the concept of crossing, bridging, and overcoming obstacles. It extends to meanings of bravery, strength, and forward movement, often associated with large or powerful entities like camels or ships. It also encompasses geographical locations and personal names.

This root pertains to the physical structure, form, and substance of a human being, particularly focusing on the body and its upright posture.

This root primarily relates to the act of letting livestock graze, especially in an open or unsupervised manner. It also extends to concepts of coarseness, dryness, and things left behind or unkempt, including physical conditions and even specific times or places.

This root appears to describe someone who is greedy or insatiable, possibly in a physical or metaphorical sense. It also relates to a posture of standing erect or being poised, perhaps as a consequence of or in relation to this greed.

This root primarily relates to excrement, particularly dried feces, and by extension, the anus or posterior. It also extends to terms for animals, specific locations, and even abstract concepts like insults or games, often with a vulgar or crude connotation.

This root primarily describes shortness and stockiness, often with negative connotations of being ill-formed or unattractive. It also extends to the act of striking someone down and a specific historical figure associated with a castle.

This root appears to relate to the concept of gathering or collecting things together. It is primarily used in the context of accumulating possessions or goods.

This root refers to small, shaped items made from dough, often resembling figurines. These are typically added to cooked dishes, such as stews, and then consumed.

This root appears to relate to the concept of shortness or being stout. It also includes a proper noun, likely a tribal or familial designation.

This root appears to describe someone who is a voracious eater or gluttonous. It focuses on the act of consuming large amounts of food, often to excess.

This root primarily describes individuals characterized by coarseness, gluttony, and a stout or puffed-up physique. It also extends to terms for slowness, foolishness, and fleeing.

The root Al-Ja'far primarily relates to the concept of a river or stream, encompassing various sizes from small to large and full. It also extends to specific place names and tribal affiliations derived from a prominent figure named Ja'far.

This root describes the act of a male donkey gathering itself and charging forcefully at a female donkey or other object, typically for mating purposes. It encompasses the physical preparation and the aggressive action involved.

The root الجفر (al-jafar) primarily relates to concepts of largeness, fullness, and expansion, particularly concerning young sheep, the body, and geographical features. It also extends to meanings of emptiness, cessation, and specific places or objects.

This root appears to relate to persistence, particularly in the context of sales or requests. It also includes a proper name derived from the root.

This root appears to refer to components of a sword, specifically its scabbard or blade. It also has a geographical application as a place name.

This root appears to primarily refer to place names and geographical locations. It also includes a derived term that is a loanword from Persian, referring to a type of cheese.