Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily describes a type of hole or cavity, often with specific dimensions, and extends to related concepts like a bird's nest or a facial feature. It also encompasses a sharp or sour taste, and the act of entering such a cavity.

This root primarily relates to the adornment or crest of a bird, specifically a rooster or a falcon. It also extends to the acquisition of a falcon for hunting and refers to specific parts of a shoe.

This root primarily relates to sudden death, swift killing, and severe illness, particularly in animals. It also describes a lion's ferocity and a sheep's stubbornness.

This root appears to relate to specific types of fungi and potentially to a physical characteristic of having a large belly. The derived terms seem to be quite limited in usage.

The root قفص (qafasa) primarily relates to the concept of contracting, gathering, or enclosing. This extends to physical actions like drawing limbs together, enclosing birds in a cage, and also abstract concepts like tension, heat, and acidity. It can also refer to specific places, animals, and physical conditions.

The root قلص (qalasa) primarily relates to concepts of contraction, shrinking, and sudden movement or elevation. It extends to describe the physical state of objects like garments or shadows, the physical condition of animals, and the action of traveling or moving swiftly. It also encompasses terms for young female animals, particularly camels.

This root primarily relates to the act of eating, specifically referring to the consumption of almonds. It also describes a sour or tart quality, particularly in milk.

This root primarily describes a type of restless movement, often associated with animals like horses or lions. It also extends to meanings related to clothing, specifically shirts, and metaphorically to positions of authority. Additionally, it encompasses terms for small insects and the fetal membrane.

This root primarily concerns the act of hunting and capturing prey. It extends to the prey itself, and metaphorically to the act of snatching or seizing.

This root primarily refers to a specific, important city in Upper Egypt, known for its historical significance and size. It also denotes a variant name for this city.

This root primarily relates to falling, collapsing, or eroding. It describes the falling of teeth, the movement within the womb, the collapse of structures like wells or sand dunes, and the shedding of water. It also extends to the idea of a camel making a rumbling sound.

This root primarily relates to subduing, conquering, and consuming food or drink. It describes the act of making something yield or be overcome, as well as the excessive eating or drinking of something. It also denotes a person who is patient or enduring in the face of eating and drinking.

This root describes something or someone strong and capable, particularly in the context of work or endurance. It is primarily applied to animals like camels and donkeys, highlighting their power and ability to perform tasks.

This root primarily relates to actions involving the foot, such as striking or stamping, and by extension, to the act of studying or examining something closely. It also encompasses the idea of something becoming worn out or disappearing, and a specific type of plant.

This root primarily concerns a type of cheese or curdled milk product, its preparation, and related actions like pounding or mixing. It also extends to terms for containers used with milk and the act of gathering.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of gathering, coming together, and the sounds or movements associated with such actions. It also encompasses notions of fear, distress, and rapid movement, often in a context of multitude or urgency.

This root primarily relates to the act of eating, with a specific mention of it being a variant of another root. It also encompasses the sounds made by small creatures like mice and chicks.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of bird, possibly a pigeon or dove, and its characteristics. It also includes a verb describing a subtle facial expression of mockery.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of withholding, eating alone, and being stingy or narrow-minded. It also extends to meanings of physical constriction, slowness, and a specific type of gait.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of getting stuck, entangled, or deeply involved in something. It also extends to meanings of intensity, hardship, and being cornered or forced into a situation. Additionally, it covers specific actions like extracting and swallowing, and physical descriptions related to the eye.

This root primarily relates to the eye and its surrounding tissues, encompassing conditions like swelling and specific anatomical parts. It also extends to descriptions of udders and a specific method of inspecting camels for fat before slaughter.

This root primarily concerns actions related to stealth, theft, and clinging or sticking. It extends to descriptions of physical closeness, narrowness, and the act of building or reinforcing structures.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of difficulty, hardship, and excessive consumption, particularly in eating and drinking. It also extends to the idea of something becoming difficult or complicated.

This root primarily relates to concepts of constriction, narrowness, and distress, extending to negative qualities like excessive talkativeness and malice. It also encompasses actions of burning and taking, and the meticulous pursuit of details.

This root primarily relates to the act of taking or touching something with the fingertips, often with a sticky or soft substance. It also extends to meanings of deception, falsehood, and a type of sweet confection.

This root primarily relates to looking stealthily or with intent, often through an opening. It also encompasses concepts of pain, specifically in the ear or back, and refers to pure honey or a type of sweet confection.

This root primarily deals with the concept of sticking, adhering, or being attached to something. It can also extend to meanings of persuasion, coaxing, or attempting to detach something.

This root primarily relates to the eggs of camels, specifically their fine or choice ones. It is also noted as a variant pronunciation or spelling for related terms concerning intestinal discomfort or griping.

The root محص (maḥaṣa) primarily relates to the concepts of purification, refinement, and separation, often through intense action or testing. It extends to meanings of swift movement, clarity, and the process of becoming free or clear of impurities or burdens.

This root primarily relates to actions of pressing, squeezing, or touching, often with the fingers. It also extends to concepts of speed and sudden departure or removal.

This root primarily deals with the act of sucking, drawing liquid, or consuming something slowly. It extends to related concepts like drinking, consuming food, and even metaphorical applications such as cleansing or intense scrutiny. The root also encompasses terms for specific plants, ailments, and even insults.

This root primarily describes a twisting or contortion, particularly in the leg or foot, often due to nerve issues or strain. It extends to pain in the nerves from exertion and a general feeling of bodily aches and pains, especially in the extremities.

This root primarily concerns pain and discomfort in the abdomen, often described as cramping or colic. It also extends to a figurative sense of heaviness or sluggishness in a person.

This root primarily deals with concepts of smoothness, slipperiness, and escape. It extends to meanings of falling, shedding, and even a specific type of fish.

This root primarily relates to the act of washing, cleaning, and purifying, often with a focus on thoroughness or a specific method. It also extends to commercial activities, particularly those involving straw or fodder.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of cleaning, purifying, and immersion. It also extends to the idea of something becoming depleted or losing its growth, particularly in the context of land.

This root primarily relates to subtle sounds, particularly those associated with young animals or specific objects. It also extends to the concept of speaking or uttering words, especially in a limited or nascent form.

This root primarily relates to concepts of barrenness, infertility, and a state of being unable to bear young, often associated with female animals. It also extends to meanings of being stout or preventing something, and in a geographical context, refers to the base or foothills of a mountain.

This root primarily describes a state of emaciation, thinness, or wasting away, often due to old age or illness. It can also refer to the loss of flesh or substance.

This root primarily describes the protrusion or bulging of the eye, often to an extreme or unnatural degree. It also extends to the act of extracting something forcefully, and metaphorically to someone who causes distress or reveals unpleasantness.

This root primarily describes the concept of elevation, rising, or standing tall. It extends to meanings of being raised up, standing out, or being prominent. Figuratively, it can denote emotional agitation or a strong, upright stance.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of raising, elevating, and making something prominent or firm. It extends to meanings of exertion, intense questioning, and the sound of cooking. Figuratively, it relates to establishing authority, reaching a limit, and counting.

This root primarily relates to the concept of consuming or eating vegetation, particularly by locusts. It also extends to meanings of anger, recovery from a fall, and a specific historical name.

This root primarily concerns the concept of spoiling, spoiling something that was good, or making it incomplete. It extends to making life difficult, causing distress, and even to physical actions like hindering drinking or crowding.

This root primarily relates to the act of expelling or emitting substances, particularly urine and blood, often in forceful or continuous ways. It also extends to concepts of excessive laughter and rapid movement.

This root primarily concerns the concept of reduction, decrease, deficiency, or loss. It encompasses notions of diminishment in value, quantity, or quality, as well as verbal actions related to causing or experiencing such reduction. It also extends to metaphorical senses of criticism and finding fault.

This root primarily concerns the act of retreating, turning back, or recoiling, especially from a commitment or a course of action. It often implies a withdrawal from something positive, though it can sometimes refer to turning back from evil.

This root primarily concerns the act of plucking or removing hair, particularly from the eyebrows, often associated with beautification. It extends to describe fine, downy hair or feathers, and metaphorically to periods of time.

This root primarily relates to concepts of delay, slowness, and movement, often with a sense of hesitation or withdrawal. It also encompasses meanings related to seeking refuge, urging, and physical exertion or manipulation.