Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to be related to the concept of being non-Arab or foreign. It is primarily used as a noun to denote non-Arabs.

The root طحرب (ṭaḥrab) primarily relates to pieces of cloth, rags, or garments, often used in negative contexts to denote a lack of clothing. It also extends to meanings of cloud fragments, light rain, and in some instances, refers to wind or ground debris.

This root primarily describes a green growth that appears on water, resembling spiderwebs. It can also refer to the initial greening of land with vegetation. Figuratively, it can denote killing.

This root appears to relate to the concept of having nothing on one's person or being devoid of possessions. It is closely related to the root طحرب, with variations in pronunciation affecting the meaning.

The root طرب primarily relates to emotional states, particularly intense joy or sorrow, and the physical manifestations of these emotions. It also extends to concepts of longing, music, singing, and specific types of paths or routes.

This root primarily describes sounds made with the lips, particularly whistling or calling, often associated with animals like sheep and goats. It also extends to describe physical characteristics like large, pendulous breasts or udders, and a general sense of looseness or instability.

This root appears to relate to water, specifically stagnant or collected water. The primary derived term refers to such bodies of water.

This root appears to relate to the concept of pleasure, enjoyment, and good taste. It describes a state of being pleased or finding something delightful.

This root appears to relate to mockery and derision. However, its exact meaning and usage are uncertain, with lexicographers expressing doubt about its true nature.

This root appears to describe the act of transgressing or acting unjustly. It specifically relates to exceeding bounds and acting in an oppressive or tyrannical manner.

This root appears to be a rare or possibly non-existent root in Classical Arabic. It is mentioned by Ibn Durayd, but he casts doubt on its authenticity.

The root 'طلب' (ṭ-l-b) fundamentally concerns the act of seeking, requesting, or demanding something. It encompasses the effort to find, obtain, or possess an object or right, often implying a degree of pursuit or insistence. The root also extends to the state of being sought or the place where something is sought.

This root primarily relates to ropes, cords, and stretching, extending to concepts of extension, duration, and firmness. It also encompasses terms for parts of tents, trees, and the body, as well as actions of stretching, staying, and speaking extensively.

This root appears to relate to the concept of movement and travel, specifically a type of going or journeying across the land. It is primarily attested in classical sources.

This root primarily concerns the concept of goodness, pleasantness, and purity. It extends to meanings of being agreeable, wholesome, and pure, often applied to food, water, character, and places. It also encompasses related actions like seeking pleasantness or purification.

This root primarily relates to concepts of lineage, ancestry, and marriage alliances. It also extends to meanings of noise, clamor, and speaking, as well as actions like marrying and oppressing.

This root primarily relates to the sharp edge or tip of a blade, particularly a sword. It also extends to the concept of bleeding from the mouth or other orifices.

This root primarily describes sounds, particularly those of distress, agitation, or vocalization. It extends to meanings related to threats, agitation, and even physical ailments manifesting as sores or blemishes.

This root primarily describes elevated landforms, particularly rocky outcrops, hills, and small mountains. It also extends to describe things that are protruding, sharp-edged, or solid, and metaphorically to a person who is short and stout. The root also names a specific animal known for its foul smell and a part of a bridle.

This root primarily relates to the hard, protruding parts of limbs or structures, such as the ankle bone, the dry part of a tree trunk, or a peg. It extends metaphorically to signify readiness, preparation, or overcoming obstacles.

This root primarily relates to the sound or cry of an animal, specifically a male goat, when agitated or during mating. It is extended metaphorically to human vocalizations, particularly loud or clamorous speech.

This root primarily concerns the act of drinking, particularly in a vigorous, uninhibited, or continuous manner. It extends to concepts of abundance, fullness, and the beginning or peak of something, often related to water or natural phenomena. Figuratively, it can denote pride, arrogance, or a complete and thorough action.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of plant, sumac, and dishes prepared with it. It also extends to describing something as being 'sumac-like' or prepared in a sumac-like manner.

This root appears to relate to softness, looseness, or being easily moved, particularly in the context of terrain or physical substance. It describes something that is yielding or not firm.

This root appears to be related to specific names or terms, with limited semantic scope in classical Arabic lexicography. The primary derived term identified is a proper noun.

This root primarily describes a specific type of tree, its characteristics, and its fruit. It also refers to the plant's parts and their properties, particularly concerning animal consumption and fat accumulation.

The root عثلب primarily relates to the concepts of breaking, demolishing, spoiling, and damaging. It can describe the physical destruction of structures like basins or walls, the spoiling of actions or food, and metaphorically, the state of being broken or ruined.

This root primarily concerns the concept of wonder, astonishment, and surprise, often stemming from something unusual, unexpected, or remarkable. It also extends to meanings of admiration, pride, and even a specific anatomical part of an animal.

This root primarily describes types of sand, particularly soft, yielding, or fine sand. It also extends to concepts of nobility and kinship, with some related terms appearing in different root entries.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'Arab' people, their origins, and distinctions. It also extends to meanings related to eloquence, clarity, and the Arabic language itself, as well as the act of returning to a nomadic lifestyle.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being Arab, speaking Arabic, and things associated with Arabs, particularly horses. It also extends to meanings of clarity, eloquence, and conversely, coarseness or foulness in speech.

This root primarily relates to living, life, and age. It also encompasses concepts of building, inhabiting, and enduring, as well as terms for a specific type of person or group.

This root primarily relates to the concept of giving, bestowing, and gifts. It extends to encompass the idea of granting or bestowing something, often with a sense of divine or generous giving. Derived terms can also refer to the act of giving itself or the thing given.

This root primarily concerns the nose and specific parts of the upper lip area. It describes the nose itself, the softer part of it, and the philtrum or the area beneath the nose on the upper lip.

This root appears to describe something that is mixed, intense, and solid or firm. It conveys a sense of robustness and unyielding nature.

This root primarily refers to musical instruments, specifically stringed instruments like the lute and tambourine. It also has a specific application to a type of drum associated with Abyssinia.

This root primarily relates to the back of the leg, specifically the Achilles tendon area, and extends to concepts of difficult paths, obstacles, and treachery. It also encompasses terms for specific animals and places, and is famously associated with a legendary figure known for breaking promises.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly obscure. The primary entry discusses a specific term related to marriage, but its authenticity is questioned.

The root عسب (ʿasaba) primarily relates to the act of a male animal (stallion, bull) covering a female, encompassing the act of copulation, the male's fluid, and the resulting offspring. It extends metaphorically to human interactions and is also used for hiring out a stud animal. Derived terms also refer to parts of the body, specific types of palm fronds, geological features, and leadership roles, particularly the queen bee.

This root primarily relates to the concept of elevation, prominence, and leadership, often associated with a chief or leader. It also extends to descriptions of physical markings, particularly on horses, and names of specific entities like insects or horses.

This root pertains to small, attached parts of a larger whole, specifically a small cluster or stem attached to a larger bunch. It also extends to a specific type of eye-related condition during crying.

This root primarily relates to harshness, roughness, and intensity. It extends to describe things that are sharp, penetrating, or forceful, often in the context of animals, weapons, or character traits.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being strong, intense, or fierce, particularly when describing a lion. The derived terms emphasize a powerful and formidable nature.