Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to describe someone who is foolish or lacking in intelligence. The primary derived term directly links to this meaning.

The root خوع primarily relates to concepts of mountains, elevated landforms, and depressions or valleys. It also extends to meanings of decrease, reduction, and damage, particularly concerning wealth or the sides of a valley.

This root appears to be related to a rare and possibly mythical creature, described as a hybrid beast. The entry discusses its name and characteristics, with linguistic commentary on its unusual formation.

This root pertains to the concept of intense treading or trampling. It is noted as a Yemeni dialectal term, with one source equating it to another similar term.

The root 'درع' primarily relates to protective garments, specifically armor, and by extension, to covering or enveloping oneself. It also extends to descriptions of coloration, particularly in animals and nights, and actions of moving forward or consuming.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being old or advanced in age, specifically when applied to a camel. It describes a state of maturity and seasoned experience.

This root primarily describes the act of fleeing, especially in haste or due to intense hardship. It also extends to terms for cowardice and, in a less common usage, a water-skin or severe hunger.

The root 'دسع' primarily relates to the act of pushing, thrusting, or expelling something forcefully, often with a sudden or repeated motion. It extends to concepts of physical expulsion, anatomical features related to passage, and abstract notions of generosity and forceful action.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pushing, repelling, or driving someone or something forcefully. It extends to meanings of urging, expelling, and even filling or making something abundant. Derived terms also describe specific plants, insects, and types of terrain.

This root appears to be onomatopoeic, representing the sound or utterance of an infant. It is used to describe the imitation of a baby's sounds when asking for something, combining sounds like 'da' and 'ba' into a single word.

The root 'd-f-ʿ' primarily concerns the concept of pushing, repelling, or moving something forcefully away. It extends to concepts of warding off, driving forward, and the forceful movement of water or crowds. It also encompasses notions of urgency, speed, and even being rejected or marginalized.

The root دقع (d-q-ʿ) primarily relates to dust, earth, and the state of being low, humble, or impoverished due to circumstances. It extends to concepts of desperation, meanness, and even intense hunger.

This root primarily describes a specific type of cough or respiratory ailment affecting animals, particularly camels and horses. It also extends to the act of coughing itself and the state of being afflicted by such a condition.

This root primarily concerns the act of protruding or extending something, particularly the tongue, often in a relaxed or hanging manner. It also extends to concepts of something emerging, becoming prominent, or being easy and accessible.

This root primarily describes characteristics related to fleshiness, unpleasantness, and greed. It also extends to describe a clear or easy path.

The root دمع primarily relates to the flow of liquid from the eye, specifically tears. It extends to describe the act of crying, the physical channels for tears, and metaphorically to the flowing of other liquids or substances.

This root primarily concerns concepts of baseness, meanness, and ignobility. It extends to meanings of being submissive, weak, or lacking in substance and character. Some derived terms also relate to gathering or coming together, often in a negative context.

This root appears to describe a state of extreme poverty or destitution. It is used to denote a person who has become impoverished, likely to the point of being unable to sustain themselves.

This root primarily relates to the act of driving or urging animals, particularly sheep or goats, using specific vocalizations or calls. It also encompasses the sounds made during this process.

This root pertains to intense hunger that incapacitates a person. It describes a severe state of starvation that overwhelms the individual.

This root primarily relates to swimming and diving, particularly in a strong or forceful manner. It also encompasses a specific type of marine creature.

This root primarily relates to the concept of measure, extent, and distance, often metaphorically extended to include speed, capability, and even cause or means. It encompasses physical measurements like the forearm and also abstract notions like ambition or the means to achieve something.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of scattering, dispersing, and separating things or people. It also extends to the idea of spreading news or secrets, and by extension, to things that are disordered or fragmented.

This root appears to relate to descriptions of physical attributes, specifically concerning size and form, though the provided text is very brief and focuses on a specific, possibly erroneous, term.

This root primarily concerns the act of spreading, disseminating, or making something public. It covers the concepts of news traveling, secrets being revealed, and information becoming widely known. It also extends to the idea of something being carried away or dispersed.

The root ربع primarily relates to the season of spring, its characteristics, and associated phenomena like rain and new growth. It extends to concepts of time, place, and beginnings, as well as numerical associations with the number four.

The root رتع (r-t-ʿ) primarily denotes abundant eating and drinking, often in a lush, fertile environment. It extends to concepts of enjoyment, prosperity, and unhindered movement within such abundance, whether for people or livestock.

This root primarily concerns intense greed, covetousness, and a strong desire for worldly gains. It also extends to encompass baseness, gluttony, and a willingness to accept low or meager provisions.

This root primarily concerns the corruption, inflammation, or affliction of the eye, leading to its deterioration or adhesion. It also extends to concepts of being stuck, immobile, or attached, often in a protective or superstitious context, such as attaching amulets.

The root رصع primarily relates to concepts of tightness, closeness, and being joined or inlaid. It extends to meanings of precision, intensity, and even sexual intercourse, as well as physical attributes like narrowness between knees or a sturdy build.

The root رضع (raḍaʿa) primarily concerns the act of suckling or nursing, both for infants and animals. It extends to concepts of feeding, nourishment, and by extension, kinship through nursing. It also carries a strong connotation of meanness, stinginess, and baseness, particularly in relation to how one obtains or shares resources.

This root primarily deals with the act of sexual intercourse, specifically referring to the penetration of the female genitalia. It is a direct synonym for another verb with a similar meaning.

This root primarily concerns concepts of stillness, movement, agitation, and the gathering of common or low-class people. It extends to descriptions of youth, immaturity, and the unsteady nature of water or mirages.

The root رقع (raqaʿa) primarily relates to mending, patching, and repairing things, especially fabric and leather. It extends metaphorically to correcting speech, healing spiritual flaws, and even to the celestial sphere being 'patched' with stars. It also encompasses concepts of being foolish or lacking sense, and specific terms for parts of the sky, land, and even types of trees and dates.

The root ركع primarily relates to the physical act of bending or bowing, particularly the head and back. This physical posture is extended metaphorically to signify submission, humility, and a lowering of status, both in a religious context (prayer) and in general life (poverty, old age).

The root رمع primarily denotes movement, specifically trembling, shaking, or restless motion. It extends to meanings of agitation, involuntary twitching, and even wandering or straying. It also encompasses specific physical phenomena like the movement of an infant's fontanelle, facial twitches due to anger, and certain ailments or objects characterized by movement or shimmering.

This root primarily relates to concepts of withering, drying up, or becoming weak, often due to lack of water. It also extends to meanings of shaking the head in refusal, and can describe a state of being withered or faded in color. Additionally, it encompasses terms for a portion of something desirable and a fertile meadow.

The root ريع (rayʿ) primarily denotes increase, growth, and abundance. It extends to concepts of return, flowing, and a place of elevation or passage. It also encompasses the beginning or prime of something, and can describe a swift or returning journey.

This root primarily concerns negative character traits, specifically bad temper, ill-mannered behavior, and causing harm or offense to others. It also extends to descriptions of turbulent winds and demonic entities.

This root primarily concerns the act of planting seeds, cultivating crops, and the resulting vegetation. It extends metaphorically to nurturing, growth, and even spreading discord or knowledge.

This root primarily denotes the act of shaking, moving, or agitating something. It extends to describe strong winds, intense situations, and forceful driving, often implying instability or vigorous motion.