Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to the eye, eyelids, and vision, encompassing conditions like inflammation and squinting. It also extends to meanings of touching lightly, throwing, and abundance, particularly of vegetation.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of nerves, veins, and tendons, particularly in the limbs. It also extends to meanings of trembling, agitation, weakness, and a delicate or fine quality, often applied to objects or living beings.

This root primarily relates to the concept of eating, specifically distinguishing between large and small quantities. It appears to be a less common root with limited derived forms.

The root ريش primarily relates to the feathers of a bird, which are its covering. This extends metaphorically to clothing, adornment, and fine attire. It also encompasses concepts of wealth, provision, and improvement of one's condition, as well as the act of equipping or strengthening something.

This root appears to describe negative personal qualities, specifically relating to baseness, meanness, and arrogance. It is used to characterize individuals with undesirable traits.

This root appears to relate to something of poor quality, specifically in the context of grain. It also touches upon the idea of something being unadulterated or pure.

This root primarily relates to lightness, speed, and agility, particularly in reference to animals like ostriches and camels. It also extends to concepts of confusion and mixing, though one source suggests this latter meaning is a later development.

This root primarily describes dates that are immature or have underdeveloped pits. It also refers to a specific type of immature date.

This root appears to be related to the concept of people or a group of individuals. It is presented as a linguistic variant of another term, suggesting a less common or dialectal usage.

This root primarily relates to a dimming or darkening of vision, leading to a state of obscurity or lack of clarity. It can also extend to a general sense of dullness or indistinctness.

This root primarily concerns deafness or impaired hearing. It describes the state of being deaf, with nuances suggesting varying degrees of the condition, and includes terms for individuals who are deaf.

This root primarily describes recovery from illness or hardship, encompassing the process of regaining strength, mobility, and well-being. It also extends to the concept of a community experiencing relief and prosperity after a period of scarcity.

This root primarily relates to aspects of vision, specifically dimness or weakness of sight. It also extends to describe a person with poor character, possibly linked metaphorically to a clouded or impaired perception.

This root primarily describes the onset of darkness or obscurity, particularly concerning the night. It conveys the idea of something becoming dark, dim, or obscured.

This root primarily describes light, scattered rain, ranging from a drizzle to a light shower. It also extends to a minor illness resembling a cold, characterized by symptoms like sneezing, metaphorically linked to the light scattering of rain.

This root pertains to a deficiency or weakness in vision, specifically referring to dimness or dim-sightedness.

This root primarily relates to sexual intercourse and its associated actions. It also extends to describe weakness or emaciation in animals and people, and can be used metaphorically for ornate speech.

This root appears to describe physical characteristics, specifically related to the feet and the body's general state. It seems to denote a broadness or largeness in one area and weakness in another.

This root primarily relates to the concept of people or humankind. It is used to refer to the general populace and can be found in poetic contexts describing the fate of both humans and animals.

This root appears to describe the concept of smallness or being diminutive, particularly in relation to the eye. It suggests a state of being reduced in size or appearance.

This root primarily describes the act of mixing things up, leading to corruption or spoilage. It can refer to a person's actions becoming muddled and ruining their work, or a general state of confusion and disorder.

The root طوش (ṭūsh) primarily relates to a lack of mental acuity or foolishness. It can also describe the act of delaying or procrastinating in settling a debt.

The root طيش (ṭaysh) primarily denotes a lack of stability, control, or direction. This can manifest as mental or emotional lightness, recklessness, deviation from a proper course, or physical unsteadiness. It often implies a loss of judgment or purpose.

This root primarily relates to concepts of foolishness, stupidity, and a lack of sense. It also extends to notions of correctness, suitability, and well-being, particularly in the context of traditional practices.

This root appears to relate to the concept of bending, turning, or affection, though its usage is quite limited and potentially obscure.

This root primarily concerns the concept of nests, dwelling places, and gathering. It extends to meanings of being small, thin, or sparse, and also relates to haste, urgency, and collecting or accumulating.

This root primarily concerns the sensation of thirst and its various degrees. It extends to related concepts like deprivation of water, a specific ailment, and metaphorically, intense longing or desire.

This root primarily relates to the act of gathering or collecting things. It also extends to describe a person who is rough, uncouth, or lacking in good qualities, possibly stemming from the idea of being 'gathered' or unrefined.

This root primarily relates to the concept of gathering, collecting, or binding together. It also extends to specific botanical terms, referring to plants, their fruits, and parts of vines.

The root عكش primarily denotes concepts of entanglement, clumping, and dense growth. It extends to describe things that are intertwined, clustered, or overgrown, including plants, hair, and even abstract concepts like clinging to something.

This root primarily concerns the act of tightly binding or fastening something. It extends to the concept of seizing and securing an object, emphasizing a strong and firm hold.

This root primarily describes a type of rough, thorny grass and its association with rabbits, particularly large or female ones. It also extends to meanings of being shrunken, contracted, or referring to a specific person and a derogatory term for a short, mean old woman.

This root appears to describe a large, dense collection, specifically a herd of camels. The 'sin' (س) is noted as being higher, possibly referring to a specific characteristic or type of this collection.

This root primarily relates to the wolf and its characteristics. It also touches upon linguistic observations regarding the placement of certain Arabic letters.

The root 'عمش' primarily relates to defects of the eye, specifically poor vision accompanied by watering. It extends metaphorically to feigning ignorance or overlooking something, and also to things that are beneficial or agreeable, particularly in the context of health and recovery.

This root primarily concerns the concept of drawing, pulling, or bending something towards oneself, often with force or intensity. It extends to meanings of embracing, fighting, provoking, and even injustice. Some derived terms also refer to speed and length.

This root appears to describe an old, withered, or shrunken man. It specifically refers to an elderly individual who is frail and possibly stooped.

This root describes someone who is base, ignoble, and short. It also relates to the appearance of a long beard, specifically its thickness and length.

This root appears to relate to terms of abuse and low social standing, specifically referring to someone as base, ignoble, or a scoundrel. It is used in poetic contexts to insult or disparage.

This root appears to relate to the concept of gathering or collecting, possibly in a disordered or clustered manner. It is also noted as a proper name.

This root primarily concerns the concept of life, living, and sustenance. It encompasses the state of being alive, the means by which one lives, and the quality or duration of life. It also extends to related concepts like livelihood and the sustenance provided by food and drink.

This root appears to be very limited in its usage, primarily referring to a small creature or insect.

This root appears to relate to the concept of carrying or bearing, specifically in the context of trees and their foliage. It is noted as a potentially dialectal or non-standard term.

This root primarily concerns the concept of deception, cheating, and impurity. It extends to notions of insincerity, betrayal, and even physical qualities like murkiness or being scanty.

This root primarily concerns dimness, darkness, and impaired vision. It extends to concepts of obscurity in paths and feigning ignorance.

This root primarily describes the act of becoming dark or obscured, particularly related to the night affecting vision. It signifies a state of blindness or diminished sight due to darkness.

This root primarily concerns acts of forceful taking, oppression, and injustice. It also extends to describe a specific type of impaired vision and is used as a proper name, notably for a poet.

This root primarily concerns dimness or impairment of vision, often due to hunger or thirst. It also extends to a general sense of poor eyesight or a temporary visual disturbance.