Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to relate to negative character traits, specifically being ill-mannered or ill-tempered. It also seems to have connections to coarse or rough qualities, possibly extending to materials.

This root primarily concerns the concept of dirt, filth, and impurity, extending metaphorically to moral or reputational blemishes. It describes something being soiled, stained, or corrupted, both physically and figuratively.

This root appears to describe something that is large, heavy, and fleshy. It conveys a sense of bulkiness and substantial physical presence.

This root appears to describe negative character traits, specifically focusing on bad manners, lowliness, and ignobility. It is used to denote someone of poor character or a base nature.

This root primarily describes the act of lowering one's head or gaze, often associated with humility, submission, or a furtive look. It also extends to the meaning of causing corruption or discord among people.

The root 'dahasa' primarily relates to the concept of softness, ease, and a particular color. It describes terrain that is soft, yielding, and easy to traverse, or difficult due to its depth. It also denotes a specific color, often associated with sand or animals, characterized by a slight darkness.

This root primarily relates to severe calamities, misfortunes, and difficult situations. It also extends to concepts of swiftness, agility, and energetic movement, particularly when describing animals.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being hidden, concealed, or obscure. It describes things that are covered, not easily seen, or perhaps even difficult to understand.

The root 'دوس' primarily relates to the action of treading, trampling, or crushing underfoot. It extends to concepts of polishing, intense sexual intercourse, and metaphorically, to overwhelming or destroying.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'head' in its literal and metaphorical senses. It extends to leadership, the top or highest part of something, and the act of leading or being in charge. It also encompasses related ideas like the top of a valley, the front of a group, and even physical ailments affecting the head.

The root ربس primarily relates to striking with the hands, but extends to concepts of being struck, being afflicted, and accumulating or becoming dense. It also encompasses notions of something being formidable, a great quantity, or a severe misfortune.

This root primarily denotes impurity, filth, and things considered detestable or abominable. It extends to encompass forbidden actions, punishment, condemnation, disbelief, and even intense sound or disturbance.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of initiating, establishing, and fixing something. It extends to meanings of reconciliation, the onset of illness, and the deep-seated nature of emotions or things. It also encompasses terms related to wells, ancient places, and specific poetic or grammatical features.

This root primarily describes the act of striking with the palm of the hand. It is a specific type of blow, distinguished by the implement used.

This root primarily describes shaking, trembling, or unsteady movement, particularly of the head. It extends to describe a weak or unsteady gait, and metaphorically, a weak or unsteady person. It also encompasses the idea of a vigorous, shaking motion, especially in the context of a sword.

This root primarily denotes increase, abundance, and blessing, often in the context of wealth, offspring, or general prosperity. It can also refer to a pleasant or auspicious countenance, and in a more specialized sense, to marriage or planting.

This root primarily concerns the act of kicking or striking with the foot, often with force. It extends to related actions like pounding or crushing, particularly food, and the tools used for such purposes.

The root ركس (r-k-s) primarily relates to the concept of returning, reversing, or inverting something. It extends to meanings of being thrown back into a negative state, such as falling into sin or tribulation, and also encompasses notions of density, abundance, and even a specific religious group.

The root رمس primarily relates to covering, burying, and concealing. It extends to the act of flattening or leveling something, particularly a grave, and also encompasses the idea of obscuring or hiding information. The root can also refer to the dust or earth used for covering and, by extension, to the grave itself.

This root appears to describe qualities of bravery and boldness. The derived terms are used as epithets for a courageous and valiant individual.

This root primarily denotes intense trampling, crushing, or forceful impact. It extends to meanings of violent disturbance, commotion, and collision, particularly in the context of war or conflict.

This root generally relates to concealing, obscuring, or speaking in a hushed or partial manner. It can also refer to moving stealthily or secretly.

This root primarily relates to concepts of elevation, superiority, and abundance, often associated with physical height, leadership, or excessive consumption. It also encompasses terms for defects and specific tribal names.

This root entry primarily discusses a proper noun, likely a place name, with variations in its pronunciation and orthography. It is mentioned in hadith literature and is identified as an island in the land of the Romans.

This root primarily describes the act of strutting or walking with pride, applicable to both humans and lions. It also encompasses related concepts like a proud gait, a studious male animal, and a specific type of plant.

This root primarily describes water that has become stagnant, foul, or changed in color and smell. It extends to concepts of lasting for a long time, particularly in the context of nights and days, and also refers to specific types of sheep or goats.

This root primarily relates to the number six and fractions thereof. It extends to concepts of division into six parts, being the sixth in a sequence, and age-related terms for animals, particularly camels and sheep, indicating they have reached a certain year or stage of development.

This root primarily relates to concepts of containment, weakness, impotence, and a lack of fertility or generative capacity. It also touches upon a state of being foolish or lacking in intellect, which can be overcome by wisdom and resolve.

This root appears to be a proper noun, specifically a place name. It is used in classical Arabic poetry and prose to refer to a specific location, likely a battlefield or significant geographical point.

The root سلس (sals) primarily denotes qualities of being smooth, easy, and yielding. This extends to physical smoothness, ease of movement or control, and also to a lack of restraint, particularly concerning bodily functions or mental faculties.

This root appears to be primarily a place name, referring to a specific town or locality. There are no other derived meanings or usages found in the provided text.

This root primarily refers to a specific tribe or lineage from the Tayy Arab tribe. It is also used in a poetic context to describe a hunter and their actions, particularly in relation to hunting dogs.

This root primarily discusses a type of fine, green silk or brocade, often associated with fine garments. It also touches upon related concepts like dyeing and the preparation of horses.

This root primarily concerns the concept of infestation, particularly by insects like moths or worms, affecting materials such as wool, clothes, food, and grains. It extends to meanings of decay, corruption, and disease, especially in animals. Additionally, it encompasses leadership, management, and inherent nature or disposition.

This root primarily relates to the back or spine of an animal, particularly a donkey or mule, and by extension, a difficult or unstable mount. It also appears in names and terms of abuse.

This root primarily describes a rough, stony, or rugged terrain. It can also denote a state of restlessness due to illness or worry, and appears as a proper name.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of small creature, possibly an insect or a small animal. The entry discusses its name and grammatical form, with a notable point about its derivation.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of hard, unyielding tree, its wood, and its properties. It describes the tree's characteristics, such as its hardness and height, and the difficulty in working with its wood.

The root شخس (sh-kh-s) primarily denotes concepts of deviation, divergence, discord, and irregularity. It extends to describe things that are out of alignment, broken, or different from what is expected or ordered, often due to age, illness, or disagreement.

The root شرس (š-r-s) primarily denotes harshness, ill temper, and difficult disposition in people and animals. It extends to describe rough, coarse, or abrasive textures in places and things, and also refers to certain types of thorny plants.

This root describes hard, solid, and dry ground, often resembling a single stone. It can also refer to the stones themselves that make up such terrain. The root implies a sense of unyielding or barrenness.

This root primarily denotes deep understanding, intelligence, and shrewdness. It also extends to the concept of entering into something deeply, whether physically or metaphorically, implying thoroughness or immersion.

This root primarily describes bad character, ill temper, and harshness, particularly in dealings and interactions. It extends to concepts of opposition, conflict, and difficulty, both in human behavior and abstract situations like time or relationships.

The root شمس (sh-m-s) primarily relates to the sun, its light, and its heat. It extends to concepts of brightness, intensity, and things associated with the sun, such as days. Figuratively, it denotes stubbornness, unruliness, and difficulty, particularly in animals and people, and can also refer to hostility or strong opposition.

This root appears to be related to foreign or non-Arabic names. The primary derived lemma is a foreign name, suggesting the root itself might not have a core semantic meaning within classical Arabic but rather serves as a marker for foreign origin.

This root primarily describes a specific manner of looking, characterized by pride, anger, or haughtiness, often involving looking sideways or with narrowed eyes. It extends to meanings of arrogance, bravery in battle, and even the scarcity of water.

This root describes someone who is stingy, greedy, and ill-tempered. It encompasses traits of harshness, difficulty in dealing with, and general unpleasantness of character.

This root appears to relate to concepts of difficulty, stubbornness, and negative character traits. It encompasses terms for a difficult or stubborn young animal, as well as descriptions of a person who is slow-witted, cowardly, deceitful, or physically weak and unpleasant.