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شمس

Root entry · 24 derived lemmas

The root شمس (sh-m-s) primarily relates to the sun, its light, and its heat. It extends to concepts of brightness, intensity, and things associated with the sun, such as days. Figuratively, it denotes stubbornness, unruliness, and difficulty, particularly in animals and people, and can also refer to hostility or strong opposition.

Derived headwords

الشَّمْسnoun
  1. 1.
    sunboth

    The star at the center of our solar system, providing light and heat.

  2. 2.
    sunlightboth

    The light or radiance of the sun.

  3. 3.
    a type of necklaceclassical

    A specific kind of necklace or a clasp for a necklace.

  4. 4.
    a dog's collarclassical

    A collar for a dog.

شَمْسnoun
  1. 1.
    sunboth

    The sun.

  2. 2.
    unruly animalclassical

    A stubborn or unmanageable animal, especially a horse.

  3. 3.
    unyielding personclassical

    A person who is difficult to deal with, stubborn, or hostile.

  4. 4.
    a type of necklaceclassical

    A type of necklace.

شُمُوسnoun
  1. 1.
    plural of sunclassical

    Plural of 'shams' (sun), used metaphorically to refer to different directions or aspects.

  2. 2.
    unrulinessclassical

    The quality of being unruly or stubborn, especially in animals.

  3. 3.
    hostilityclassical

    Hostility or strong opposition.

  4. 4.
    wineclassical

    A name for wine, due to its tendency to make the drinker unruly.

  5. 5.
    a place nameclassical

    A place name in Yemen.

شَنَّverb
  1. 1.
    to spread outclassical

    To spread out, disperse, or scatter.

  2. 2.
    to launch an attackclassical

    To launch an attack or raid.

شَامِسadjective
  1. 1.
    sunnyboth

    A day that is sunny and clear.

  2. 2.
    intensely hotclassical

    Extremely hot.

  3. 3.
    stubbornclassical

    Stubborn or unyielding, used for animals.

أَشْمَسَverb
  1. 1.
    to become sunnyboth

    The day became sunny.

شَمَسَverb
  1. 1.
    to be sunnyboth

    The day was sunny.

  2. 2.
    to be intensely hotclassical

    The day was intensely hot.

يُشْمِسُverb
  1. 1.
    to be sunnyboth

    The day is sunny.

  2. 2.
    to be intensely hotclassical

    The day is intensely hot.

تَشَمَّسَverb
  1. 1.
    to bask in the sunboth

    To sit or stand in the sun, enjoying its warmth.

  2. 2.
    to be stingyclassical

    To be stingy or ungenerous.

مُشْمِسadjective
  1. 1.
    sunnyboth

    A day that is sunny.

  2. 2.
    made in the sunclassical

    Something that has been worked on or dried in the sun.

  3. 3.
    stingyclassical

    Stingy or ungenerous.

شُمَيْسَةnoun
  1. 1.
    diminutive of sunboth

    A diminutive form of 'shams' (sun).

  2. 2.
    combclassical

    A comb, especially for women.

شَمُوسadjective
  1. 1.
    unruly (animal)both

    Stubborn, unmanageable, or restive, especially used for horses or other animals.

  2. 2.
    unyielding (person)classical

    Difficult to deal with, stubborn, or unyielding in character.

  3. 3.
    hostileclassical

    Hostile or antagonistic.

شَمَسَverb
  1. 1.
    to be unrulyclassical

    An animal (horse) became unruly or restive.

  2. 2.
    to be stubbornclassical

    A person became stubborn or difficult.

شَمَّاسnoun
  1. 1.
    cleric (Christian)classical

    A minor cleric in Christianity, often one who shaves the crown of his head.

شَمَّاسَةnoun
  1. 1.
    cleric (Christian)classical

    Feminine form of 'shammas', a Christian cleric.

شَمَّاسِمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    plural of clericclassical

    Plural of 'shammas', Christian clerics.

شَمَسَverb
  1. 1.
    to be hostileclassical

    His hostility became apparent.

شَامَسَverb
  1. 1.
    to opposeclassical

    To oppose or contend with someone.

  2. 2.
    to be stubbornclassical

    To be stubborn or difficult.

مُشَامَسَةnoun
  1. 1.
    oppositionclassical

    The act of opposing or contending with someone.

  2. 2.
    stubbornnessclassical

    Stubbornness or difficulty in dealing with someone.

شَمَّاسnoun
  1. 1.
    stubbornnessclassical

    Stubbornness or difficulty, like that of an unruly animal.

مُتَشَمِّسadjective
  1. 1.
    stingyclassical

    Stingy or ungenerous; someone from whom good cannot be obtained.

  2. 2.
    strongclassical

    Strong in lineage or character; someone who protects what is behind him.

عَبْد شَمْسname
  1. 1.
    name of a tribe/personclassical

    A tribal name or a personal name, possibly derived from the sun deity.

عَبْشَمِيّadjective
  1. 1.
    related to Abd Shamsclassical

    Pertaining to the tribe or name Abd Shams.

تَعَبْشَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to associate withclassical

    To associate oneself with someone or a group, like Abd Qais, through alliance or patronage.

Parallel reading

ولأبكينك الشمس والقمر أي ما كان ذلك.
And I will make you weep for the sun and the moon, whatever that may be.
نصبوه على الظرف أي طلوع الشمس والقمر.
They set it up adverbially, meaning the rising of the sun and the moon.
الشمس طالعة، ليست بكاسفة، ... تبكي عليك، نجوم الليل والقمرا
The sun is rising, not eclipsed, ... the stars of the night and the moon weep for you.
والجمع شموس، كأنهم جعلوا كل ناحية منها شمسا كما قالوا للمفرق مفارق.
And the plural is 'shumūs', as if they made each part of it a sun, just as they said 'mufāriq' for a parting.
حمى الحديد عليهم فكأنه ... ومضان برق أو شعاع شموس.
The iron burned them, so it was like ... flashes of lightning or the rays of suns.
شن الغارة: فرقها.
To launch an attack: to scatter them.
والشزب: الضامرة، واحدها شازب.
And 'ashzab': the lean ones, singular is 'shazib'.
والشوس: جمع أشوس، وهو أن ينظر الرجل في شق لعظم كبره.
And 'al-shūs': plural of 'ashwas', which is when a man looks askance due to his immense pride.
وقد أشمس يومنا، بالألف، وشمس يشمس [يشمس] شموسا وشمس يشمس.
And our day has become sunny, with the 'alif', and 'shamas' 'yashmus' 'shumūsan' and 'shamas' 'yashmus'.
ويوم شامس وقد شمس يشمس [يشمس] شموسا أي ذو ضح نهاره كله.
And a 'shāmis' day, and it was 'shamas' 'yashmus' 'shumūsan', meaning it had daylight for its entire day.
وشيء مشمس أي عمل في الشمس.
And something 'mushammas' means worked on in the sun.
وتشمس الرجل: قعد في الشمس وانتصب لها.
And a man 'tashammus': he sat in the sun and stood up to it.
الليث: الشمس عين الضح؛ قال: أراد أن الشمس هو العين التي في السماء تجري في الفلك وأن الضح ضوءه الذي يشرق على وجه الأرض.
Al-Layth: The sun is the eye of the daylight; he said: He meant that the sun is the eye in the sky that moves in the orbit, and the daylight is its light that shines on the face of the earth.
والشموس من الدواب: الذي إذا نخس لم يستقر.
And 'al-shumūs' among animals: one that does not settle when prodded.
وفي الحديث: ما لي أراكم رافعي أيديكم في الصلاة كأنها أذناب خيل شمس؟
And in the Hadith: Why do I see you raising your hands in prayer as if they were the tails of unruly horses?
والشموس من النساء: التي لا تطالع الرجال ولا تطمعهم، والجمع شمس.
And 'al-shumūs' among women: she who does not approach men nor entice them, and the plural is 'shams'.
ورجل شموس: صعب الخلق، ولا تقل شموص.
And a 'shamūs' man: difficult in disposition, and do not say 'shamūṣ'.
والشموس: من أسماء الخمر لأنها تشمس بصاحبها تجمح به.
And 'al-shumūs': one of the names of wine because it makes its owner unruly, causing him to bolt.
ورجل شموس؛: عسر في عداوته شديد الخلاف على من عانده، والجمع شمس وشمس.
And a 'shamūs' man: difficult in his enmity, strongly disagreeing with whoever opposes him, and the plural is 'shams' and 'shams'.
وشامسه مشامسة وشماسا: عاداه وعانده.
And 'shāmasahu mushāmasatan wa shamāsan': he opposed him and was stubborn with him.
وشمس لي فلان إذا بدت عداوته فلم يقدر على كتمها.
And so-and-so 'shamas li': if his enmity became apparent and he could not conceal it.
وإنما سميت بذلك لأنها تجمح بصاحبها جماح الشموس، فهي مثل الدابة الشموس.
It was named that because it makes its owner bolt like an unruly animal; it is like an unruly beast.
المتشمس من الرجال الذي يمنع ما وراء ظهره، قال: وهو الشديد القومية، والبخيل أيضا: متشمس، وهو الذي لا تنال منه خيرا.
The 'mutashammis' among men is one who prevents what is behind him; he said: He is strong in lineage, and the stingy person is also 'mutashammis', meaning one from whom you cannot obtain any good.
وأتينا فلانا نتعرض لمعروفه فتشمس علينا أي بخل.
And we came to so-and-so seeking his favor, and he 'tashammus' upon us, meaning he was stingy.
والشمس: ضرب من القلائد.
And 'al-shams': a type of necklace.
والشمس: معلاق القلادة في العنق، والجمع شموس.
And 'al-shams': the clasp of the necklace on the neck, and the plural is 'shumūs'.
وجيد شامس: ذو شموس، على النسب.
And a 'shāmis' neck: having 'shumūs', by way of attribution.
والشمس: قلادة الكلب.
And 'al-shams': a dog's collar.
والشماس من رؤوس النصارى: الذي يحلق وسط رأسه ويلزم البيعة؛ قال ابن سيده: وليس بعربي صحيح، والجمع شمامسة، ألحقوا الهاء للعجمة أو للعوض.
And 'al-shammas' among the heads of Christians: one who shaves the middle of his head and stays in the church; Ibn Sidah said: It is not purely Arabic, and the plural is 'shamāmisah', they added the 'ha' for foreignness or as a substitute.
والشموس: هضبة معروفة، سميت به لأنها صعبة المرتقى.
And 'al-shumūs': a known hill, named so because it is difficult to ascend.
وبنو الشموس: بطن.
And Banu al-Shumūs: a clan.
وعين شمس: موضع.
And 'Ayn Shams: a place.
وشمس عين: ماء.
And 'Shams 'Ayn': a water source.
وشمس: صنم قديم.
And 'Shams': an ancient idol.
وعبد شمس: بطن من قريش، قيل: سموا بذلك الصنم، وأول من تسمى به سبأ بن يشجب.
And Abd Shams: a clan of Quraysh, it is said: they were named after that idol, and the first to be named so was Saba' bin Yashjub.
وقال ابن الأعرابي في قوله: كلا وشمس لنخضبنهم دما لم يصرف شمس لأنه ذهب به إلى المعرفة ينوي به الألف واللام.
And Ibn al-A'rabi said regarding his saying: 'Nay, and by Shams, we shall surely stain them with blood', he did not decline 'Shams' because he intended it as a definite noun, intending the 'alif' and 'lam'.
وقال غيره: إنما عنى الصنم المسمى شمسا ولكنه ترك الصرف لأنه جعله اسما للصورة.
And others said: He only meant the idol named Shams, but he left it undeclined because he made it a name for the image.
وقال سيبويه: ليس أحد من العرب يقول هذه شمس فيجعلها معرفة بغير ألف ولام، فإذا قالوا عبد شمس فكلهم يجعله معرفة.
And Sibawayh said: No Arab says 'this is Shams' and makes it definite without 'alif' and 'lam'; but when they say 'Abd Shams', they all make it definite.
وقالوا عبشمس وهو من نادر المدغم؛ حكاه الفارسي، وقد قيل: عب الشمس فحذفوا لكثرة الاستعمال، وقيل: عب الشمس لعابها.
And they said 'Abshams', which is from rare elisions; Al-Farisi narrated it, and it has been said: 'Abb al-Shams' and they omitted for frequent use, and it is said: 'Abb al-Shams' means its saliva.
قال الجوهري: أما عبشمس بن زيد مناة بن تميم فإن أبا عمرو بن العلاء يقول: أصله عب شمس كما تقول حب شمس وهو ضوءها، والعين مبدلة من الحاء، كما قالوا في عب قر وهو البرد.
Al-Jawhari said: As for 'Abshams bin Zayd Manāt bin Tamīm', Abu Amr bin Al-'Alā' says: Its origin is 'Abd Shams', just as you say 'Hubb Shams', which is its light, and the 'ayn is substituted for the 'ha', as they said in 'Abb Qarr' for cold.
قال ابن الأعرابي: اسمه عبء شمس، بالهمز، والعبء العدل، أي هو عدلها ونظيرها، يفتح ويكسر.
Ibn al-A'rabi said: Its name is 'Ab'u Shams', with hamza, and 'al-'ab'' means equivalent, meaning it is its equivalent and its peer, pronounced with fatha or kasra.
وعبد شمس: من قريش، يقال: هم عب الشمس، ورأيت عب الشمس، ومررت بعب الشمس؛ يريدون عبد شمس، وأكثر كلامهم رأيت عبد شمس.
And Abd Shams: from Quraysh, it is said: they are 'Abad al-Shams', and I saw 'Ab al-Shams', and I passed by 'Ab al-Shams'; they mean Abd Shams, and most of their speech is 'I saw Abd Shams'.
إذا ما رأت شمسا عب الشمس، شمرت ... إلى زملها، والجرهمي عميدها
When 'Abd al-Shams saw a sun, she hurried ... to her camel, and the Jurhumi was her leader.
ومنهم من يقول عب شمس، بتشديد الباء، يريد عبد شمس.
And some of them say 'Abba Shams', with a doubled 'ba', meaning Abd Shams.
وعب شمس قبيلة من تميم والنسب إلى جميع ذلك عبشمي لأن في كل اسم مضاف ثلاثة مذاهب: إن شئت نسبت إلى الأول منهما كقولك عبدي إذا نسبت إلى عبد القيس؛
And 'Ab Shams is a tribe from Tamim, and the attribution to all of that is 'Abshamī' because in every compound name there are three ways: if you wish, you attribute to the first of them, like your saying 'Abdi' if you attribute to Abd al-Qays;
وإن شئت نسبت إلى الثاني إذا خفت اللبس فقلت مطلبي إذا نسبت إلى عبد المطلب، وإن شئت أخذت من الأول حرفين ومن الثاني حرفين فرددت الاسم إلى الرباعي ثم نسبت إليه فقلت عبدري إذا نسبت إلى عبد الدار، وعبشمي إذا نسبت إلى عبد شمس؛
And if you wish, you attribute to the second if you fear confusion, so you say 'Mutallabi' if you attribute to Abd al-Muttalib; and if you wish, you take two letters from the first and two letters from the second, returning the name to the quadriliteral, then attribute to it, so you say 'Abdarī' if you attribute to Abd al-Dār, and 'Abshamī' if you attribute to Abd Shams;
وتضحك مني شيخة عبشمية، ... كأن لم تر قبلي أسيرا يمانيا
And an old woman from 'Abshamiyyah laughs at me, ... as if she had never seen a Yemeni captive before me.
وقد تعبشم الرجل كما تقول تعبقس إذا تعلق بسبب من أسباب عبد القيس إما بحلف أو جوار أو ولاء.
And a man 'ta'absham', as you say 'ta'abqas', if he attaches himself to one of the causes of Abd al-Qays, either by oath, neighborhood, or alliance.
والشموس: فرس شبيب بن جراد.
And 'al-Shumūs': the horse of Shabeeb bin Jurad.
والشموس أيضا: فرس سويد بن خذاق.
And 'al-Shumūs' also: the horse of Suwayd bin Khadhāq.
والشميس والشموس: بلد باليمن؛ قال الراعي: وأنا الذي سمعت مصانع مأرب ... وقرى الشموس وأهلهن هديري ويروى: الشميس.
And 'al-Shamīs' and 'al-Shumūs': a place in Yemen; Al-Rā'ī said: And I am the one who heard the fortresses of Ma'rib ... and the villages of al-Shumūs and their people's roaring. And it is narrated: al-Shamīs.