Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

The root خيم (kh-y-m) primarily relates to tents and dwelling places, specifically the nomadic Arab tent. It extends to concepts of resting, settling, and also to physical conditions like limping or lifting a limb, and to specific geographical locations and types of plants.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pushing, pressing, or overwhelming, often with a sense of accumulation or covering. It extends to ideas of being submerged, piled upon, or mounted.

This root primarily relates to being immersed, overwhelmed, or deeply involved in something, often negative like ignorance, passion, or sorrow. It also extends to concepts of character, companionship, and a path or way.

The root 'دحم' primarily denotes forceful pushing or thrusting. It extends to sexual intercourse, implying a vigorous and forceful act. The root also appears in personal names and as a descriptor for a woman.

This root primarily describes something large, stout, and dark-skinned or dark-colored. It can refer to people or animals that are physically imposing, often with a connotation of being stout or fat, and sometimes implies a dark complexion.

This root primarily relates to the concept of falling, plunging, or descending into something, often with a sense of being overwhelmed or destroyed. It can describe a physical fall from a height or a metaphorical descent into a dire situation.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of sexual intercourse, characterized by forceful penetration and disturbance. It appears to be a specialized term with limited usage.

This root appears to be primarily used as a proper noun, referring to a man's name. It is also associated with the meaning of 'short' and the term for an axe.

This root primarily concerns a substance resembling blood that emerges from trees, particularly the 'samra' tree. It can also refer to dried vegetation and is sometimes confused with other similar substances.

The root 'درم' primarily relates to a lack of prominence or definition, often due to being covered or smoothed over. This applies to physical features like joints, bones, and teeth, as well as to movement and gait, suggesting a smooth, even, or obscured state. It can also refer to a specific type of plant or tree.

This root appears to relate to a cunning, astute, or sly individual, often implying a degree of craftiness or sharp intelligence. It is used to describe someone who is a formidable strategist or a particularly shrewd person.

This root appears to relate to the concept of a female camel, specifically an old or aged one. It may also describe the movement or behavior associated with such an animal.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being large, stout, or bulky, possibly with a connotation of being slow or unwieldy. It is also linked to the idea of a large, strong man or a stout animal.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly related to a proper name. The primary meaning provided is 'fallen' or 'dropped', but its usage seems limited to personal names, with specific historical figures mentioned.

This root primarily concerns the silver coin 'dirham' and its derivatives. It also extends to meanings related to falling due to old age, darkening of vision, and the round shape of certain plants resembling coins.

The root 'دسم' primarily relates to concepts of greasiness, fat, and richness, often extending to meanings of being soiled, dirty, or corrupted. It also encompasses ideas of blocking, sealing, and filling, and metaphorically, of being insignificant or little.

This root appears to be very limited in its usage, primarily referring to a man who is worthless or lacks good qualities. It does not seem to have broader semantic extensions.

The root 'دعم' primarily relates to the concept of supporting, propping up, or strengthening something that is leaning or unstable. It extends to metaphorical support, such as providing financial backing or being a pillar of a community. It also encompasses related physical objects used for support and, in some contexts, physical actions like thrusting.

This root primarily describes negative qualities related to physical appearance and character, such as being short, ugly, ill-bred, and ill-tempered. It also extends to a specific gait characterized by short, hurried steps.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being large, stout, or bulky, particularly in reference to a person or animal. It can also describe a thick, dense object or a substantial amount of something.

The root 'دغم' primarily relates to covering, overwhelming, or striking with force, often implying a dark or blackening effect. It extends to physical actions like breaking, covering, and the assimilation of sounds, as well as descriptions of horses and other animals with dark markings.

The root 'دقم' primarily relates to concepts of breaking, pushing, and entering forcefully. It extends to meanings of having broken teeth, sudden forceful actions, and intense emotional distress, particularly from debt.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pressing, pushing, or crushing something down, often with a sense of accumulation or impact. It can also extend to meanings of forceful entry or collision.

The root 'دلم' primarily relates to intense blackness, darkness, and deep dark colors. It extends to describe things that are intensely black, such as men, animals, mountains, and even abstract concepts like nights and enemies. It also encompasses terms for specific groups of people, animals, and geographical features.

This root appears to describe something that is fast or swift. The primary derived words relate to speed and quickness of movement.

This root primarily describes something heavy, slow, or large, often associated with sleep, illness, or substantial animals. It can also refer to something intense or severe.

This root appears to describe things that are old, worn out, or slow, particularly animals like camels. It can also denote strength and robustness in both animals and men.

This root appears to describe something old, worn out, or broken, particularly in relation to animals like camels or women. It conveys a sense of decay, loss of teeth, and the resulting inability to properly consume or retain liquids.

This root primarily relates to darkness, intensity, and obscurity, particularly concerning the night and vast, featureless landscapes. It also extends to the concept of being intensely black or dark.

This root appears to relate to shortness or being low, possibly with connotations of baseness or meanness. It describes physical shortness and also a moral or social lowliness.

This root primarily describes old, blackened, or withered plants. It also relates to a specific dialectal term for such vegetation.

The root دهم (d-h-m) primarily relates to the concept of blackness or darkness, often associated with intense greenness in vegetation. It also extends to meanings of abundance, multitude, overwhelming force, and, by extension, a severe or calamitous event.

This root primarily describes qualities of gentleness, ease, and softness, applied to both physical places and moral character. It also extends to terms for generosity and specific natural entities.

This root primarily concerns the act of collapsing, falling, or breaking down, often with a sense of destruction or ruin. It can describe objects falling apart or structures being demolished.

This root appears to relate to the concept of a bag or sack, specifically a large one. It is primarily used in classical Arabic to denote a container for carrying things.

This root appears to relate to concepts of old age, intense action, and forceful approach. It describes an elderly person and the act of plunging into a difficult matter or confronting someone forcefully.

The root DOM (دوم) primarily relates to the concept of continuity, permanence, and lastingness. It extends to meanings of moistening, lingering, and slowing down, particularly in the context of liquids or intense emotions. It also encompasses specific botanical terms and place names.

This root primarily concerns continuous, gentle rain, often without thunder or lightning. It extends metaphorically to describe something that is constant, persistent, or enduring, like continuous action or a vast, unchanging landscape.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of despising, condemning, and rejecting someone or something. It encompasses notions of belittling, shaming, and expelling, often implying a state of disgrace or being cast out.

This root primarily describes the act of violently striking, throwing down, or causing something to fall or roll. It encompasses the physical actions of slaughtering, crushing, and tumbling, often with a sense of force or momentum.

This root appears to relate to a specific geographical feature, namely a place where a valley's water flows out or a depression where water collects. It describes a natural formation associated with watercourses.

This root primarily concerns the concept of defect, flaw, or blemish. It extends to the act of finding fault with something or someone, and the state of being flawed or criticized.

This root primarily concerns affection, attachment, and love, particularly between a mother and her offspring. It extends to concepts of healing, mending, and strong binding or twisting. It also includes terms for specific animals and places.

This root appears to be related to the concept of connection or continuity, specifically in the context of vegetation. It describes something that is joined or linked together.

This root primarily concerns the concept of breaking, crushing, and pulverizing things, often with a sense of fragmentation or destruction. It can also extend to describe something that is broken or unintelligible.

This root primarily concerns the concept of tying, knotting, or marking, often for remembrance or as a sign. It extends to meanings related to specific plants, containers, and even subtle speech or emotions.

This root primarily describes a white marking on a horse's muzzle or upper lip. It also extends to describe a broken or bleeding nose, a damaged or bleeding foot, and metaphorically, unclear speech. It can also refer to a mouse.