Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily deals with concepts of inferiority, defectiveness, and the emergence of undesirable growths. It also touches upon the idea of being similar or identical to something else.

This root primarily relates to the remnants or residue found at the bottom of a cooking pot, specifically referring to leftover broth and small pieces of meat.

This root primarily concerns states of weakness, poor nourishment, and deterioration. It describes individuals or things that are thin, emaciated, or of low quality due to bad feeding, harsh conditions, or being the dregs of something.

This root primarily describes the dregs, sediment, or residue found at the bottom of containers, particularly pots, decanters, or vessels holding liquids like oil or broth. It can also extend to refer to the lowest or basest part of society.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being large, stout, or imposing, particularly in reference to a woman or a camel. It describes a physical presence that is substantial and perhaps even somewhat unwieldy.

This root primarily relates to containers, particularly those for liquids or food, and also encompasses terms for specific types of vessels and their coverings. It extends to a place name and a horse's name, with some derived terms possibly related to limping or gait.

This root appears to relate to the movement and management of the eye in the act of looking. It is presented as a potentially rare or obscure root, with its validity questioned by some scholars.

The root 'حرجل' primarily relates to concepts of length, tallness, and large groups, particularly of horses. It also extends to meanings of limping, forming ranks, and specific natural phenomena like swarms of locusts or rocky terrain.

This root appears to relate to a specific manner of walking or movement. It is also associated with a type of foot soldier or infantry.

This root primarily describes a specific plant, its seeds, and its medicinal uses. It also extends to a man's name and a place name, with the plant's properties influencing its figurative use.

This root appears to describe concepts related to being stout, short, clumsy, or aged and decrepit. It also extends to terms for plants and things that are prominent or gathered.

This root primarily relates to a place name, specifically a type of land or region. It also appears in poetry to describe a specific action or state, possibly related to movement or a particular gait.

This root appears to be very obscure, primarily referring to a proper name and a term for the dregs or lowest class of people, particularly within a military context. Its usage is limited and seems to be archaic.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being short or small in stature. It describes a physical attribute of being compact or not tall.

This root primarily relates to young animals, particularly the young of a desert monitor lizard (ضب). It extends to concepts of being base, lowly, or inferior, and also to the act of driving or controlling something forcefully. Some uses also refer to specific parts of plants or agricultural products.

This root primarily describes something of poor quality or worthless. It is also used to denote small children or young boys, particularly those with large appetites or bellies.

This root appears to relate to smallness or insignificance, specifically referring to small individuals or things. It is primarily used in a descriptive context.

This root primarily denotes smallness, weakness, or inferiority. It is used to describe the young of animals, children, and generally anything of poor quality or diminutive size.

This root appears to relate to concepts of baseness, lowliness, and being contemptible or worthless. It is used to describe a person of low character or a base individual.

This root primarily relates to a person's belongings or possessions, particularly their luggage and goods. It also extends to the concept of having many children or a large family.

The root حصل (ḥaṣala) primarily relates to what remains, is left behind, or is separated from something else. It extends to concepts of accumulation, clarification, and the residue of things, including agricultural produce, minerals, and even abstract concepts like deeds. It also describes physical conditions in animals and plants.

This root primarily describes a state of decay or corruption, specifically related to the base of palm fronds. It also encompasses the process of treating this decay by burning away the affected parts to restore health and productivity.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something being slow, sluggish, or trailing behind. It is also used to describe a wolf, possibly due to its predatory nature or a perceived slowness in its movements.

The root حظل (ḥaẓala) primarily denotes restriction, prevention, and restraint, often in the context of movement or action. It extends to meanings of jealousy, stinginess, and a specific type of limping or hesitant gait.

This root primarily relates to the act of saying specific religious phrases, particularly 'حي على الصلاة' (come to prayer). It is discussed in relation to other similar phrases like 'بسمل' (to say Bismillah) and 'حمدل' (to say Alhamdulillah).

This root appears to be a variant or a less common form related to the root حفل. It is primarily discussed in relation to place names and the potential origin of its hamza (ء) as either original or an addition.

The root حقل primarily relates to cultivated land, crops, and the act of planting or sowing. It extends to concepts of fertile ground, the growth stage of plants, and agricultural practices like sharecropping. Metaphorically, it can refer to something of low value or a specific ailment.

This root primarily concerns speech impediments, specifically lisping or unclear articulation. It also extends to the concept of being unintelligible, whether in speech or in the behavior of certain animals. Additionally, it touches upon the idea of something being obscured or confused, and physical characteristics like shortness or stinginess.

This root primarily concerns the concept of settling, residing, or descending in a place, contrasting with departing or traveling. It extends to meanings of becoming permissible, lawful, or obligatory, and also relates to a state of being settled or a group of settled people.

This root primarily concerns the act of carrying, bearing, or transporting. It extends to concepts of pregnancy, burden, and the provision of transport. It also encompasses geographical locations and personal names.

This root primarily relates to the colocynth plant and its fruit, known as 'handhal'. It also describes the act of harvesting or gathering this fruit.

This root primarily describes shortness and stoutness, particularly with a large belly. It also extends to meanings related to the sea, certain plants and their fruits, and can refer to a place or a person's name. Some derived terms relate to excessive speech or eating.

This root primarily relates to the concept of necessity, inevitability, or being unable to escape something. It also has a less common meaning referring to a specific type of claw-like object.

This root appears to describe something large, loud, and potentially coarse, particularly when referring to women. It also extends to a type of wild animal.

This root appears to be related to shortness or being small, specifically in reference to men. It is presented with some uncertainty regarding its authenticity and classification.

This root primarily relates to water collected in rocks or depressions, particularly in arid environments. It also extends to geographical features like mountain tops and the vegetation found on them.

This root primarily concerns the bitter plant colocynth (حنظل) and its properties. It extends to describe animals that consume this plant, the potential ill effects, and related geographical or tribal names. The root also includes personal names derived from the plant.

This root primarily describes shortness and stoutness, often with negative connotations of being low-born, mean, or slow. It can also refer to a dark-skinned, unattractive woman.

This root primarily discusses a specific type of plant or tree, often described as short, growing in barren or salty ground, and having particular characteristics regarding its growth and edibility for livestock. It also touches upon the rapid growth of this plant when watered.