Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root relates to the opening or mouth of a water vessel, specifically a bucket. It describes the part where water enters or spills out, with variations in terminology and discussion of potential phonetic substitutions.

This root primarily describes the actions and sounds associated with a young child's mouth, specifically biting before teething and unclear speech. It also extends to describe speech that is disorganized or difficult to understand.

This root primarily describes the act of crushing, smashing, or breaking something, particularly soft or moist objects. It often implies a forceful impact that causes the object to split or burst open.

The root ثمغ primarily relates to the act of crushing, breaking, or smearing, particularly with wet substances. It extends to concepts of mixing colors, saturating with dye, and also refers to specific historical properties and geographical locations.

This root primarily concerns the process of tanning animal hides to preserve them and make them usable. It encompasses the act of tanning, the materials used, the place where it occurs, and the resulting tanned leather.

This root primarily concerns the act of tickling or gently stimulating, whether physically or verbally. It extends to the idea of subtly provoking or undermining someone's honor or lineage through insinuation or criticism.

This root primarily relates to the remnants or debris of something, particularly grain or soil. It can also refer to a low or undesirable place, especially in a valley.

This root appears to describe intense coloration, specifically a strong redness or whiteness in a person's complexion. It is used to denote a person with a very ruddy or very pale appearance.

This root pertains to individuals of low social standing or base character. It describes people who are considered ignoble, base, or of the lowest class.

This root primarily describes a state of being overwhelmed or afflicted, particularly by illness, cold, or foolishness. It conveys a sense of being encompassed or affected by something unpleasant.

This root primarily describes conditions related to the lips and skin, such as cracking, peeling, or thickness. It also extends to describe a thick or protruding penis, and metaphorically, eating or consuming something.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, lushness, and well-being, often associated with plentiful water and sustenance. It also extends to ideas of settling in a place, establishing oneself, and the flourishing of something, including negative connotations like the devil's influence.

This root is a variant spelling or pronunciation of the root 'لثغ'. It primarily relates to speech impediments or unclear articulation.

This root primarily describes thick, heavy mud, water, and mire. It extends to concepts of falling into such substances, and metaphorically to a state of distress or punishment, often associated with the afterlife. It also encompasses terms for specific anatomical parts and a type of lush pasture.

This root primarily concerns concepts of water, mud, and dampness, particularly small amounts or thin consistency. It extends to meanings of being stuck in mud, being affected by rain, and metaphorically, being stained by a defect or being underestimated.

This root primarily relates to the wrist or ankle, with variations in pronunciation and usage. It also extends to a tether or rope used to restrain an animal's leg.

This root primarily concerns various types of food preparations, particularly those made for nursing mothers or involving milk and grains. It also extends to describe the drinking habits of camels and, metaphorically, the concealment of matters.

This root primarily denotes areas of the body where flesh meets, particularly the groins, armpits, and the base of the thighs. It extends to meanings of softness, abundance, and ease, especially concerning livelihood and land.

This root primarily relates to the action of rubbing or kneading something with the hand. It also includes place names derived from this action.

The root روغ (r-w-gh) primarily denotes movement characterized by deviation, evasion, or stealthy approach. It encompasses concepts of cunning, deception, seeking, and sometimes a sudden or oblique action, often associated with animals like foxes.

This root primarily relates to dust, fine earth, and the act of stirring it up. It also extends to the place where animals roll in dust and the concept of seeking or desiring something.

This root primarily relates to concepts of urging, pushing forward, and steadfastness, contrasting with hesitation or retreat. It also extends to meanings of mockery, concealment, and lightness or restlessness.

This root appears to be largely unused or misidentified in classical Arabic dictionaries. The primary discussion revolves around a potential verb related to striking, but this is attributed to a less common source. A more established meaning, though potentially a scribal error, relates to cracking or splitting, particularly of skin.

This root primarily concerns deviation, straying, or turning aside from a path, course, or truth. It can refer to physical movement, intellectual digression, or moral corruption.

This root primarily concerns the concept of deviation, inclining, or swerving from a straight path, direction, or principle. It extends to metaphorical meanings of straying from faith, truth, or proper conduct, and also includes the meaning of the sun setting or declining. A specific bird species is also named by this root.

The root سبغ (s-b-gh) primarily relates to the concept of abundance, completeness, and extensiveness. It describes things that are full, ample, and reach down to the ground, often implying a generous or perfect state. This includes physical attributes like length and width, as well as abstract concepts like wealth and blessings.

This root primarily relates to the tender, fresh shoots or branches of a vine, and the act of eating grapes from them. It also denotes a specific geographical location in the Levant.

This root primarily describes the action of thoroughly applying or working something into another substance, often involving lubrication, saturation, or deep penetration. It extends to concepts of movement, insertion, and even escaping or getting out of a situation.

This root appears to relate to a specific, possibly archaic, description of a creature or object, with a focus on its appearance or texture. The primary usage seems to be in describing something rough, shaggy, or perhaps even monstrous.

This root primarily relates to the physical development and aging of livestock, specifically the shedding of teeth and the process of fattening. It also extends to descriptions of intense redness and raw meat, with some related terms being dialectal or archaic.

This root primarily relates to the act of feeding or causing something to be swallowed, often with a sense of force or abundance. It also extends to anatomical terms describing parts of the mouth.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being long or tall, possibly with a connotation of slowness or sluggishness.

This root primarily concerns the ease of passage, particularly of liquids or food down the throat. It extends to concepts of ease, permission, and something being agreeable or palatable. It also has specialized meanings related to birth order and siblings.

This root appears to relate to the concept of something being suitable, fitting, or appropriate in measure or proportion. It suggests a sense of being aligned or in harmony with a particular standard or capacity.

This root primarily relates to the concept of treading upon something, making it submissive, or causing it to be destroyed. It encompasses both physical subjugation and metaphorical ruin.

This root primarily concerns small amphibians, specifically frogs. It also extends to describe delicate or tender branches.

This root appears to be very limited, primarily referring to a specific type of small frog, with a regional (Yemeni) designation.

The root شغغ primarily relates to sounds and actions associated with disturbance, agitation, or intermittent movement. It encompasses concepts like sputtering while drinking, manipulating reins, the sound of stabbing, and agitating water or a well.

This root pertains to the act of crushing, smashing, or splitting something, particularly the head. It describes a violent impact that causes severe damage or dismemberment.

The root صبغ (ṣ-b-gh) primarily relates to the act of dyeing or coloring, extending to the substance used for dyeing. It also encompasses the concept of immersion, dipping, and changing or altering something, whether in color, state, or even metaphorically in opinion. The root further branches into meanings related to the physical appearance of animals and plants, and abstract concepts like religion and disposition.

This root primarily denotes the temple area of the head, located between the eye and the ear. It also extends to describe things associated with this area, such as hair, veins, or marks, and can metaphorically refer to inclination or turning aside.

This root primarily relates to the act of moistening or saturating something, particularly the head or hair, with oil or fat. It also extends to the idea of making something rich or greasy.

This root primarily relates to the act of striking or hitting with the hand, often in a forceful or impactful manner. It also extends to the concept of filling or stuffing something, particularly the mouth.

This root appears to be a variant or dialectal form related to 'صقع' (ṣqʿ), primarily concerning sound, striking, or a specific type of marking or appearance. The provided text is very brief and seems to reference a comparison to a lizard's marking.

This root primarily concerns the completion of teeth in livestock, particularly sheep and goats, indicating their age. It also extends to the concept of maturity and fullness, metaphorically applied to warriors and ships.

This root primarily concerns tree sap and gums, including their properties, collection, and metaphorical uses. It also extends to anatomical terms related to the mouth and a specific condition in a ewe's udder.

This root primarily relates to the formation, shaping, and preparation of things, particularly food and objects. It also extends to concepts of form, appearance, and the nature of something, as well as specific terms for water bodies and weapons.