Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily discusses the concept of a cuckold or a man lacking jealousy, often with a Syriac origin. It also extends to terms for ugly or offensive speech, and a specific type of scattered hair on the head.

This root primarily concerns tufts or locks of hair, especially on the head. It extends to describe things resembling these locks, such as feathers on a bird's head or women's head adornments. Figuratively, it can refer to calamities, ugly speech, or even small people.

This root primarily relates to smallness, shortness, and lowliness, often applied to animals like mice or to people of humble status. It also extends to describe the anus.

This root describes the sound of a bear's laughter, specifically a guttural or rumbling noise. It is an onomatopoeic term used to represent this particular vocalization.

This root primarily describes actions related to striking, mounting, and ascending, often in the context of animals. It also extensively defines various types of flat, open, and low-lying land, particularly those that retain water.

This root primarily relates to concepts of checking, weighing, and preventing. It extends to meanings of submission, cutting, and also includes specific marine creatures and a derogatory term for a woman.

This root primarily relates to concepts of young animals, specifically fox cubs, and also wolves. It extends to describing people as being complete, thorough, or even base and ignoble. Additionally, it encompasses notions of speed in movement and emphasis in language.

This root primarily relates to concepts of thickness, richness, and abundance, often associated with liquids like milk or blood. It can also describe physical states like looseness or fullness, and metaphorically, undesirable qualities in people.

This root primarily deals with the concept of pushing, shoving, or striking someone or something. It encompasses the physical act of forceful contact, often with the intention of moving or repelling.

This root primarily describes the act of causing someone to fall or collapse, specifically onto their posterior. It implies a forceful action leading to a sudden, undignified landing.

This root primarily describes engaging in something inappropriate or irrelevant, often implying a fall or stumble into such actions. It also extends to physical descriptions of being short or falling.

This root primarily describes a bony prominence or joint near the wrist or ankle, often referring to the elbow or the ankle bone. It also extends to related actions like striking this part and a specific gait.

This root primarily concerns striking, particularly the posterior, and following behind. It extends to concepts of pursuit, pushing forward, and also to specific agricultural and animal husbandry practices related to milk production and animal condition. Figuratively, it can mean to speak harshly or to urge someone on.

This root primarily relates to the act of scattering, dispersing, or moving away from something, often in the context of a battle or a group of animals. It can also imply leaving something behind or abandoning it.

This root primarily describes weakness, cowardice, and hesitation. It extends to concepts of being slow, timid, or held back, often in the face of danger or resolve. It can also refer to physical thinness or a specific type of demonic being.

This root primarily describes conditions of cracking, dirtiness, and disease affecting the feet, animals, and skin. It also extends to concepts of strength, courage, and gathering, particularly in a tribal or allied context.

This root primarily relates to close physical proximity, encompassing concepts of lying with, embracing, and sharing a confined space. It also extends to meanings of drawing near, entering water, and specific geographical or topographical features.

This root primarily describes someone or something that is short in stature. It focuses on the physical attribute of being small or stunted in height.

This root primarily describes the elbow joint and related anatomical parts of the arm and hand. It extends to describe conditions of crookedness, bending, or immobility in the limbs, and metaphorically, cowardice or foolishness.

This root primarily denotes cowardice and fear, specifically the act of becoming timid or frightened. It describes a state of being cowardly, often in the face of danger or adversity, and can be used to describe individuals or groups who exhibit such traits.

This root primarily relates to a state of physical relaxation or limpness. It also encompasses a place name derived from this concept.

This root primarily concerns the sensation of burning, stinging, or sharp pain, often associated with fire or a pointed object. It extends to emotional pain, sharp or hurtful speech, and intense mental alertness or quickness.

This root primarily concerns the act of stinging or biting, particularly by venomous creatures like scorpions and snakes. It extends metaphorically to sharp, hurtful speech and figuratively to being deceived or tricked. It also encompasses the idea of staying put in a place.

The root لطع (laṭaʿa) primarily relates to the action of licking or lapping with the tongue. It extends to describe physical characteristics like thin lips, worn teeth, and a dry vulva, as well as negative character traits and actions like striking or erasing.

This root primarily relates to concepts of delicate, tender, or sparse vegetation, often with connotations of being easily consumed or ephemeral. It also extends to meanings of thinness, scarcity, and in some contexts, physical fragility or weakness.

This root primarily concerns the act of covering or enveloping oneself or something else with a garment or similar covering. It extends to concepts of encompassing, enveloping, and being affected by something that spreads over, like smoke or old age.

This root primarily denotes concepts of lowliness, baseness, and insignificance, often associated with immaturity, foolishness, or servility. It can also refer to physical stickiness or clinging, and in specific contexts, to animal-related actions or conditions.

This root primarily describes someone who is overly accommodating or easily influenced, often to the point of being foolish or slow. It also extends to meanings related to speaking excessively, being negligent, or exhibiting laziness and slowness, particularly in transactions.

This root primarily concerns intense emotional pain, grief, and longing, often described as a burning sensation. It extends to feelings of anxiety, impatience, and even greed or poor character traits associated with distress.

This root describes a specific type of unpleasant gait or walk, particularly associated with women and hyenas. It also refers to a foul-smelling hyena.

This root primarily concerns the act of eating dates, often in combination with milk, and related concepts. It also extends to meanings of foolishness, ignorance, and immodesty, particularly in speech.

This root appears to be related to the concept of calling, inviting, or claiming something. It encompasses the act of summoning, the state of being summoned, and the entity that is summoned or claimed. The derived terms often relate to legal or formal contexts of assertion and response.

This root primarily concerns the act of revealing partial information and then concealing it, or abruptly changing the subject. It extends to meanings of deception, untrustworthiness, and also to physical phenomena like dripping or flowing.

This root primarily concerns the concept of abundant vegetation, fertile land, and lush pastures. It extends to the idea of prosperity, abundance, and well-being derived from such fertile conditions. It also includes a specific type of bird and a place name.

This root primarily concerns the concept of rapid movement, speed, and swiftness, often applied to animals like horses, gazelles, and even insects. It also extends to meanings related to tearing, separating, and dividing things, including abstract concepts like anger and disputes. Additionally, it encompasses the idea of fluffing or teasing apart materials like cotton.

This root primarily relates to strong winds, particularly the north wind, and by extension, to vigorous movement and endurance in traversing distances.

This root primarily relates to eating with a distinct sound, consuming completely, and acquiring or earning. It also extends to concepts of easy travel, cleaning oneself, and manipulating objects like cotton or milk.

This root primarily relates to the act of consuming or devouring, particularly in the context of hunting prey. It extends to the idea of a place or person that facilitates such consumption.

This root primarily relates to the act of eating, specifically biting or chewing with the front teeth. It also extends to the meaning of disappearing or becoming lost.

The root مظع primarily relates to the process of softening, smoothing, and moistening, often applied to materials like wood, leather, or even food. It can also describe the absorption of moisture or liquids, leading to increased hardness or preservation.

This root primarily relates to intense drinking or sucking, particularly by a young animal from its mother. It also extends to the idea of throwing or casting something, and metaphorically to the change in one's facial color due to strong emotion.

This root primarily denotes rapid movement, speed, and swiftness, particularly in the context of travel, walking, or running. It extends to describe swift animals, light actions, and vast, open terrains where such speed is necessary or evident.