Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

The root 'فرع' primarily relates to branches, offshoots, and extensions. It extends to geographical locations, tribal names, and specific times of intense heat, often metaphorically representing a peak or extreme.

This root appears to describe a woman who is foolish, slow-witted, or lacking in intelligence. It may also relate to a woman's physical attributes, specifically her large size or stature.

This root primarily relates to the making of sharp, cracking, or popping sounds, often associated with joints, breaking, or sudden movements. It also extends to meanings of expulsion, separation, and even flatulence.

The root فزع (f-z-ʿ) primarily denotes fear, terror, and panic. It extends to the concepts of being frightened, causing fear, and seeking refuge or help from fear. It also encompasses the act of aiding or rescuing someone from distress.

The root فصع (faṣaʿa) primarily relates to the action of pressing, squeezing, or extracting something from its covering or confinement. This can apply to fruits, skin, or even abstract concepts like rights. It also extends to meanings of revealing, exposing, or emitting unpleasant odors and physical characteristics.

This root primarily describes the act of defecating, particularly with a forceful or explosive emission. It can also refer to the resulting feces or the act of passing gas.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something being severe, terrible, or overwhelming. It extends to the feeling of being overwhelmed or daunted by a difficult situation, and also has a less common meaning related to abundance or fullness, particularly concerning water.

This root primarily relates to sounds, particularly vocalizations and animal noises. It also extends to descriptions of speech, speed, and confusion, as well as character traits like cowardice.

The root فقع primarily relates to the concept of something being white, swollen, or bursting forth, often associated with a type of truffle. It extends to meanings of intense color, particularly yellow and red, and also encompasses sounds like cracking or popping, flatulence, and boastful speech. Figuratively, it can denote something worthless, a sudden calamity, or a state of poverty.

This root primarily deals with the concept of splitting, cleaving, or cracking, often with force. It extends to describe the resulting pieces or fissures, and metaphorically to severe misfortunes.

This root appears to describe a person who is twisted or contorted, possibly in a physical or moral sense. It is a very rare root with limited attestations.

This root primarily relates to abundance, plenty, and excellence, particularly in terms of wealth, fragrance, and praise. It can also describe something that is plentiful or abundant in quantity or quality.

This root primarily relates to specific terms for a mouse and anatomical parts, with some potential for obscure or less common usage.

This root primarily relates to the beginning or initial intensity of something, particularly time periods, scents, or potent qualities. It often signifies the early, strong, or most potent phase.

The root قبع primarily relates to the act of retracting, hiding, or drawing something inward, often the head. This extends to concepts of concealment, withdrawal, and even sounds associated with such actions. It also encompasses related physical objects and abstract qualities like foolishness or large measures.

This root primarily relates to concepts of subjugation, humility, and destruction, often associated with destructive agents like insects or warfare. It also encompasses terms for specific types of wood-boring insects and, in a less common usage, a musical instrument.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of musical instrument, possibly a horn or trumpet, mentioned in a hadith. The primary discussion revolves around the pronunciation and etymology of the word for this instrument, with variations in the final consonant.

The root قدع primarily relates to the concepts of stopping, preventing, restraining, and holding back. It extends to meanings of being hesitant, shy, or even dying off. The root also encompasses specific uses related to animal husbandry and measurements.

This root primarily concerns foul, indecent, and abusive speech. It extends to the act of verbally attacking someone with such language, and metaphorically, to repelling or deterring someone.

This root appears to describe a state of being contracted, hunched, or gathered, often due to cold or in a seated posture. It can also refer to someone who is withdrawn or isolated in their gathering.

This root primarily describes women who are bold, immodest, foolish, or ill-mannered. It also extends to describe a type of coarse wool, a type of bird, and a person skilled in managing wealth.

This root primarily relates to specific geographical features, particularly indentations or corners in mountains. It also extends to terms for lice, especially those found on camels, and a related concept of humiliation.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being upright, erect, or standing tall. It is primarily used to describe a posture or a state of being physically elevated.

This root primarily describes a state of readiness for conflict or confrontation, often involving a stiffened or upright posture. It also extends to describe physical sensations like heat or a white rash on the body, and a general sense of being pleased or cheerful.

This root primarily describes a specific manner of walking, often characterized as awkward, short-legged, or constricted. It also extends to meanings related to hiding, contracting, and eating poorly.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of louse found on camels. The primary meaning is the louse itself, described as being red in color.

This root primarily relates to the concept of contracting or drawing something in, particularly referring to the anus or the act of defecation. It also encompasses related terms for the anus itself.

This root primarily relates to actions of swallowing, consuming, crushing, or pressing. It extends to concepts of suppression, killing, and compacting, as well as describing the act of a gerbil digging and sealing its burrow, and a young boy's stunted growth.

This root primarily relates to concepts of force, breaking, and separation. It encompasses meanings of subjugation, severe abdominal pain, dispersal, and distancing. It also names a type of water dog and is the origin of a tribal name.

The root 'قطع' primarily denotes severing, cutting, or dividing. It extends to concepts of interruption, cessation, and separation, as well as marking boundaries or portions. Figuratively, it can imply decisive action, exhaustion, or a unique quality.

The root قفع (qafaʿa) primarily relates to contracting, shrinking, or drawing inward, often due to cold, disease, or intentional action. It extends to descriptions of physical features like ears or tails, specific plants, and tools or structures used in warfare or for processing materials.

This root appears to describe a person, likely a woman, characterized by shortness and possibly a stout or compact build. The primary derived term relates to a short woman.

This root primarily relates to the act of uprooting, pulling out, or extracting something forcefully. It can also extend to concepts of removing, detaching, or even plucking.

This root appears to relate to the concept of a game or plaything. The primary derived word signifies a type of toy or game.

This root describes a type of hardened, cracked earth, particularly mud that dries and splits after water recedes. It also refers to the crust or skin that forms on the surface of the earth, sometimes indicating the presence of truffles.

This root primarily relates to striking, uprooting, and pulling out. It also extends to terms for low-ranking or contemptible people and a specific type of insult.

The root قنع (qanaʿa) primarily relates to covering, concealing, or being covered, often in the context of a head covering or armor. It also extends to meanings of satisfaction, turning towards something, and specific objects like a dish or a part of a camel's hump.

This root primarily describes coverings, sheaths, or enclosures, particularly for plants or young children. It extends to concepts of being hidden or concealed, and metaphorically to someone who is short and ignoble.

This root appears to be of Syriac origin and is not purely Arabic. It is used to refer to a specific type of man, often translated as a 'cuckold' or 'effeminate man'.