كسع

Root entry · 13 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns striking, particularly the posterior, and following behind. It extends to concepts of pursuit, pushing forward, and also to specific agricultural and animal husbandry practices related to milk production and animal condition. Figuratively, it can mean to speak harshly or to urge someone on.

Derived headwords

كَسَعَverb

1.
to strike the rearboth
To strike someone or something with one's hand or foot on the posterior.
2.
to pursue and strikeclassical
To pursue fleeing people and strike their backs with a sword.
3.
to strike from belowclassical
To strike something from underneath, as with the shaft of a sword.
4.
to speak harshlyclassical
To speak to someone with a harsh word that displeases them, or to provoke them with unpleasant speech from behind.
5.
to urge onclassical
To make someone follow or be led by you.

أن رجلا كسع رجلا من الأنصار أي ضرب دبره بيده — A man struck another man from the Ansar, meaning he hit his rear with his hand.

فضربت عرقوب فرسه فاكتسعت به — I struck the hock of his horse, and it fell on its rear.

وعلي يكسعها بقائم السيف — And Ali was striking it (the horse) from below with the shaft of the sword.

كَسْعnoun

1.
striking the rearboth
The act of striking someone or something on the posterior with a hand or foot.
2.
pursuit and strikingclassical
The act of pursuing fleeing people and striking their backs with a sword.
3.
harsh speechclassical
A harsh word spoken to someone, causing them displeasure.
4.
speed of movementclassical
Great speed in walking or moving.
5.
leaving milk in udderclassical
Leaving a residue of milk in the udder, often to encourage fuller production.
6.
breakingclassical
Breaking or shattering.

الكسع: أن تضرب بيدك أو برجلك بصدر قدمك على دبر إنسان أو شيء — Al-kasʿ: to strike with your hand or foot on the posterior of a person or thing.

قال الأصمعي: الكسع شدة المر — Al-Asma'i said: Al-kasʿ is the intensity of walking.

كسع الناقة بغبرها يكسعها كسعا: ترك في خلفها بقية من اللبن — To leave milk in the rear of a she-camel, to leave a residue of milk in it.

اِكْتَسَعَverb

1.
to fall on its rearclassical
To fall or collapse on one's posterior.
2.
to tuck tailclassical
For a dog to tuck its tail between its legs.
3.
to strike thighs with tailclassical
For a stallion to strike its thighs with its tail when excited.

فاكتسعت به أي سقطت من ناحية مؤخرها ورمت به — And it fell on its rear and threw itself.

مِكْسَعadjective

1.
celibateclassical
Describing a man who is unmarried or has not yet married.
2.
having residue in udderclassical
Describing an animal whose milk has been partially left in the udder.

وهو من نعت العزب إذا لم يتزوج، وتفسيره: ردت بقيته في ظهره — And it is a description of a bachelor if he has not married, and its interpretation is: his residue was returned to his back (meaning, not milked out).

إلا فتى مكسع بغبره — Except for a young man who has residue in his udder.

كَسَعَةnoun

1.
white tail feathersclassical
The white feathers gathered under the tail of a bird, especially an eagle.
2.
white blaze on foreheadclassical
A white spot on the forehead of a horse or other animal.
3.
white spot on flankclassical
A white spot on the flank of an animal.
4.
domestic animalsclassical
Domestic animals, including cattle, donkeys, and sometimes camels or slaves, especially when driven.
5.
idolclassical
An idol that was worshipped.

الكسعة: الريش الأبيض المجتمع تحت ذنب الطائر — Al-kisʿah: the white feathers gathered under the tail of a bird.

والكسعة: النكتة البيضاء في جبهة الدابة وغيرها — And al-kisʿah: the white spot on the forehead of a mount and other things.

ليس في الكسعة صدقة — There is no charity due on domestic animals (specifically referring to donkeys in this context).

أَكْسَعadjective

1.
having white tail feathersclassical
Describing a bird, particularly an eagle, that has white feathers under its tail.
2.
having white on forelegclassical
Describing a horse with whiteness at the end of the pastern on a leg.

والصفة أكسع — And the adjective is aksaʿ.

يقال: فرس أكسع — It is said: a horse is aksaʿ.

الكُسَعِيّname

1.
a proverbial figure of regretclassical
A name associated with a man who regretted an action, becoming a symbol of profound regret.

وهو رجل رام رمى بعد ما أسدف الليل عيرا فأصابه وظن أنه أخطأه فكسر قوسه — He was an archer who shot at a herd of wild donkeys after nightfall, hitting one, but thinking he had missed, he broke his bow.

تَكَسَّعَverb

1.
to go astrayclassical
To wander or go astray in misguidance.

وتكسع في ضلاله ذهب كتسكع — And he went astray in his misguidance, going like someone wandering.

كَسَعُومnoun

1.
donkeyclassical
A donkey, in the Himyaritic dialect.

والكسعوم: الحمار بالحميرية، والميم زائدة — And al-kasʿūm: the donkey in the Himyaritic dialect, and the 'm' is extra.

كَسَعَهُمverb

1.
to pursue their rearsclassical
To follow behind them and strike their backs.

وكسعهم بالسيف يكسعهم كسعا: اتبع أدبارهم فضربهم به — And he struck them with the sword, pursuing their rears and striking them with it.

مُكْتَسِعverb

1.
tucking tailclassical
To tuck one's tail between one's legs.

اكتسع الكلب بذنبه إذا استثفر — The dog tucked its tail between its legs if it was scared.

كَسَعَهاverb

1.
to leave milk in udderclassical
To leave a residue of milk in the udder of a she-camel, intending to make it fuller.

كسع الناقة بغبرها يكسعها كسعا: ترك في خلفها بقية من اللبن — To leave milk in the rear of a she-camel, to leave a residue of milk in it.

الكَسْعِيَّةname

1.
a tribe or clan nameclassical
A name for a tribe or clan, possibly related to the root's meaning.

Parallel reading

الكسع: أن تضرب بيدك أو برجلك بصدر قدمك على دبر إنسان أو شيء.

Al-kasʿ: to strike with your hand or foot on the posterior of a person or thing.

وفي حديث زيد بن أرقم: أن رجلا كسع رجلا من الأنصار أي ضرب دبره بيده.

And in the hadith of Zayd ibn Arqam: a man struck another man from the Ansar, meaning he hit his rear with his hand.

ويقال: ولى القوم أدبارهم فكسعوهم بسيوفهم أي ضربوا دوابرهم.

And it is said: the people turned their backs, so they pursued them with their swords, meaning they struck their rears.

وفي حديث طلحة يوم أحد: فضربت عرقوب فرسه فاكتسعت به أي سقطت من ناحية مؤخرها ورمت به.

And in the hadith of Talha on the day of Uhud: I struck the hock of his horse, and it fell on its rear and threw itself.

وفي حديث الحديبية: وعلي يكسعها بقائم السيف أي يضربها من أسفل.

And in the hadith of Hudaybiyyah: and Ali was striking it (the horse) from below with the shaft of the sword.

وكسعه بما ساءه: تكلم فرماه على إثر قوله بكلمة يسوءه بها، وقيل: كسعه إذا همزه من ورائه بكلام قبيح.

And he struck him with what displeased him: he spoke and then uttered a word after his statement that displeased him, and it was said: he struck him if he provoked him from behind with ugly speech.

قال الأصمعي: الكسع شدة المر.

Al-Asma'i said: Al-kasʿ is the intensity of walking.

يقال: كسعه بكذا وكذا إذا جعله تابعا له ومذهبا به؛ وأنشد لأبي شبل الأعرابي: كسع الشتاء بسبعة غبر: ... أيام شهلتنا من الشهر

It is said: he made him follow him and go with him by such and such; and Abu Shibl Al-Arabi recited: Winter moved swiftly with seven dusty days: ... the days of our 'shahlatna' in the month.

كسع الناقة بغبرها يكسعها كسعا: ترك في خلفها بقية من اللبن، يريد بذلك تغزيرها وهو أشد لها؛

To leave milk in the rear of a she-camel, to leave a residue of milk in it, intending to make it fuller, which is stronger for it;

لا تكسع الشول بأغبارها، ... إنك لا تدري من الناتج

Do not leave the she-camels with their residues, ... for you do not know who will give birth.

والوالج أي الذي يلج في ظهورها من اللبن المكسوع؛

And al-walij, meaning that which enters their rears from the milk that has been left;

وقيل: الكسع أن يضرب ضرعها بالماء البارد ليجف لبنها ويتراد في ظهرها فيكون أقوى لها على الجدب في العام القابل،

And it was said: Al-kasʿ is to strike its udder with cold water so its milk dries and remains in its rear, making it stronger for drought in the coming year,

ومننه قيل رجل مكسع، وهو من نعت العزب إذا لم يتزوج، وتفسيره: ردت بقيته في ظهره؛

And from this, a man is called 'muksʿ', which is a description of a bachelor if he has not married, and its interpretation is: his residue was returned to his back;

والله لا يخرجها من قعره ... إلا فتى مكسع بغبره

By God, nothing will bring it out from its depth ... except a young man who has residue in his udder.

والكسع: أن تترك لبنا فيها لا تحتلبها،

And Al-kasʿ: is to leave milk in it without milking it out,

أكبر ما نعلمه من كفره ... أن كلها يكسعها بغبره، ولا يبالي وطأها في قبره

The greatest of his disbelief that we know ... is that all of it (his wealth) is left with residue, and he does not care if it tramples him in his grave.

فوطئته لأنه يمنع حقها ودرها ويكسعها ولا يبالي أن تطأه بعد موته.

So it will trample him because he withholds its right and its milk and leaves residue in it, and he does not care if it tramples him after his death.

ضفت قوما فأتوني بكسع جبيزات معششات؛ قال: الكسع الكسر، والجبيزات اليابسات، والمعششات المكرجات.

I was a guest of some people, and they brought me broken, dry, and withered dried cakes; he said: Al-kasʿ means breaking, and al-jabīzāt means dry, and al-muʿashshashāt means withered.

اكتسع الكلب بذنبه إذا استثفر.

The dog tucked its tail between its legs if it was scared.

وكسعت الظبية والناقة إذا أدخلتا ذنبيهما بين أرجلهما، وناقة كاسع بغير هاء.

And the gazelle and the she-camel tucked their tails if they inserted them between their legs, and a she-camel is 'kāsiʿ' without the 'h'.

إذا خطر الفحل فضرب فخذيه بذنبه فذلك الاكتساع، فإن شال به ثم طواه فقد عقربه.

If the stallion becomes excited and strikes its thighs with its tail, that is al-iktisāʿ; if it lifts it and then tucks it, it has 'aqrabah (coiled like a scorpion).

والكسعوم: الحمار بالحميرية، والميم زائدة.

And al-kasʿūm: the donkey in the Himyaritic dialect, and the 'm' is extra.

والكسعة: الريش الأبيض المجتمع تحت ذنب الطائر، وفي التهذيب: تحت ذنب العقاب، والصفة أكسع، وجمعها الكسع،

And al-kisʿah: the white feathers gathered under the tail of a bird, and in Al-Tahdhib: under the tail of an eagle, and the adjective is aksaʿ, and its plural is al-kusūʿ,

والكسع في شيات الخيل من وضح القوائم: أن يكون البياض في طرف الثنة في الرجل، يقال: فرس أكسع.

And al-kasʿ in the markings of horses, from the whiteness of the legs: is for the whiteness to be at the end of the pastern on the leg; it is said: a horse is aksaʿ.

والكسعة: النكتة البيضاء في جبهة الدابة وغيرها، وقيل في جنبها.

And al-kisʿah: the white spot on the forehead of a mount and other things, and it was said on its flank.

والكسعة: الحمر السائمة. ومنه الحديث: ليس في الكسعة صدقة ، وقيل: هي الحمر كلها.

And al-kisʿah: the grazing donkeys. And from this is the hadith: There is no charity on al-kisʿah, and it was said: it is all donkeys.

سميت الحمر كسعة لأنها تكسع في أدبارها إذا سيقت وعليها أحمالها.

Donkeys are called kisʿah because they are driven from behind when they are led with their loads.

والكسعة تقع على الإبل العوامل والبقر الحوامل والحمير والرقيق، وإنما كسعتها أنها تكسع بالعصا إذا سيقت،

And al-kisʿah applies to working camels, pregnant cows, donkeys, and slaves, and they are called kisʿah because they are driven with a stick when led,

وقال ثعلب: هي الحمر والعبيد:

And Tha'lab said: it is donkeys and slaves:

وقال ابن الأعرابي: الكسعة الرقيق، سمي كسعة لأنك تكسعه إلى حاجتك، قال: والنخة الحمير، والجبهة الخيل.

And Ibn Al-Arabi said: Al-kisʿah is slaves, named kisʿah because you drive them to your need; he said: and al-nakhkhah is donkeys, and al-jabhah is horses.

وفي نوادر الأعراب: كسع فلان فلانا وكسحه وثفنه ولظه ولاظه يلظه ويلوظه ويلأظه إذا طرده.

And in the rare sayings of the Arabs: So-and-so drove so-and-so away, and pursued him, and urged him on, and pushed him, and drove him away if he chased him.

والكسعة: وثن كان يعبد، وتكسع في ضلاله ذهب كتسكع؛ عن ثعلب.

And al-kisʿah: an idol that was worshipped, and he went astray in his misguidance like someone wandering; from Tha'lab.

والكسع: حي من قيس عيلان، وقيل: هم حي من اليمن رماة، ومنهم الكسعي الذي يضرب به المثل في الندامة،

And Al-Kasʿ: a tribe from Qays 'Aylan, and it was said: they are a tribe from Yemen, archers, and among them is Al-Kusai'i, who is used as an example of regret,

ندمت ندامة الكسعي، لما ... غدت مني مطلقة نوار

I regretted with the regret of Al-Kusai'i, when ... a beautiful, free one was released from me.

ندمت ندامة الكسعي، لما ... رأت عيناه ما فعلت يداه

I regretted with the regret of Al-Kusai'i, when ... his eyes saw what his hands had done.

فصار مثلا لكل نادم على فعل يفعله؛ وإياه عنى الفرزدق بقوله: ندمت ندامة الكسعي، لما ... غدت مني مطلقة نوار

So it became a proverb for everyone who regrets an action he does; and Al-Farazdaq meant him by his saying: I regretted with the regret of Al-Kusai'i, when ... a beautiful, free one was released from me.

يا رب سددني لنحت قوسي، ... فإنها من لذتي لنفسي، وانفع بقوسي ولدي وعرسي؛ ... أنحت صفراء كلون الورس، كبداء ليست كالقسي النكس

O Lord, guide me in carving my bow, ... for it is from my pleasure for myself, and benefit my children and my family with my bow; ... I carve a yellow one like the color of saffron, with a prominent center, not like weak bows.

فأبشروا بالخصب يا صبيان إن لم يعقني الشؤم والحرمان

So rejoice in abundance, O boys, if misfortune and deprivation do not hinder me.

فأنفذه، وأورى السهم في الصوانة نارا فظن أنه أخطأ فقال: أعوذ بالمهيمن الرحمن ... من نكد الجد مع الحرمان، ما لي رأيت السهم في الصوان ... يوري شرار النار كالعقيان، أخلف ظني ورجا الصبيان

So he penetrated it, and the arrow struck fire from the flint, and he thought he had missed, so he said: I seek refuge in God the Protector, the Most Merciful ... from the hardship of fate and deprivation, why do I see the arrow in the flint ... striking sparks of fire like gold, it disappointed my expectation and the boys' hope.

أأمغط السهم لإرهاق الضرر، ... أم ذاك من سوء احتمال ونظر، أم ليس يغني حذر عند قدر؟

Am I pulling the arrow too quickly to inflict harm, ... Or is that from poor judgment and consideration, Or does caution not avail against destiny?

إني لشؤمي وشقائي ونكد، ... قد شف مني ما أرى حر الكبد، أخلف ما أرجو لأهلي وولد

Indeed, due to my misfortune, misery, and hardship, ... what I see burns my liver, it disappoints what I hope for my family and children.

ما بال سهمي يظهر الحباحبا؟ ... قد كنت أرجو أن يكون صائبا، إذ أمكن العير وأبدى جانبا، ... فصار رأيي فيه رأيا كاذبا

What is the matter with my arrow showing sparks? ... I had hoped it would be accurate, when the wild donkey was within reach and showed a side, ... my opinion about it turned out to be false.

أبعد خمس قد حفظت عدها ... أحمل قوسي وأريد ردها؟ أخزى إلهي لينها وشدها ... والله لا تسلم عندي بعدها، ولا أرجي، ما حييت، رفدها

After five, whose count I have kept ... should I carry my bow and want to return it? May my God humiliate its flexibility and strength ... By God, it will not remain with me after this, nor will I hope, as long as I live, for its support.

حتى جاء بها إلى صخرة فضربها بها حتى كسرها ثم نام إلى جانبها حتى أصبح؛ فلما أصبح ونظر إلى نبله مضرجة بالدماء وإلى الحمر مصرعة حوله عض إبهامه فقطعها ثم أنشأ يقول: ندمت ندامة، لو أن نفسي ... تطاوعني، إذا لبترت خمسي تبين لي سفاه الرأي مني، ... لعمر الله، حين كسرت قوسي

Until he brought it to a rock and struck it with it until he broke it, then he slept beside it until morning; when morning came and he looked at his arrows stained with blood and the wild donkeys lying dead around him, he bit his thumb and cut it off, then he began to say: I regretted a regret, if only my soul ... would obey me, I would have amputated my five fingers. The foolishness of my opinion became clear to me, ... By God, when I broke my bow.