Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily describes something tall or elongated, particularly in the context of weapons like arrows. It also extends to describe camels that are tall or slender.

This root primarily relates to changes in appearance, specifically a fading or alteration of color and physical state. It also appears as a proper name for a man and a tribe.

The root سمم primarily relates to the concept of piercing, making holes, or being a passage. It extends to meanings of poison, specific individuals or groups, and fast or light movement. It also encompasses natural phenomena like hot winds and specific animals.

The root سنم (s-n-m) primarily relates to the concept of a hump, prominence, or elevation. It is most famously associated with the hump of a camel, but extends to elevated landforms, rising smoke, and the act of ascending or rising above something.

This root primarily concerns marking, branding, or identifying something, often with a visual sign. It extends to concepts of grazing, sending forth, and negotiation or bargaining, all of which can be seen as forms of identification or setting a value.

The root سهم (s-h-m) primarily relates to the concept of a share, portion, or lot, often associated with arrows. It extends to meanings of heat, emaciation, and a specific type of striped garment. The root also encompasses the act of casting lots and familial connections.

This root primarily deals with the concept of ill omen, misfortune, and bad luck, often contrasted with good fortune. It also encompasses geographical references to the Levant region (Syria and its environs) and directions, specifically to the left.

This root primarily relates to coldness and the sensation of cold, often associated with hunger. It also extends to specific objects and concepts, including a device to prevent suckling, parts of a veil, and a tribal name.

This root primarily relates to smallness, specifically in stature and in a negative sense of stinginess. It also refers to a specific type of seed and a place name.

This root primarily concerns the act of verbal abuse, insult, and revilement. It extends to describing someone with an unpleasant countenance, often associated with ferocity.

This root primarily concerns fat, grease, and richness. It extends to concepts of abundance, well-fedness, and even specific fatty tissues like earlobes. It can also describe someone who is generous with their food.

This root primarily relates to the corruption or spoilage of something, particularly food or liquids, leading to a foul smell or taste. It can also describe the act of causing this spoilage.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a wide mouth or jaw. It is also used to refer to a specific breed of camel known for its impressive size, possibly linked to the wide jaw characteristic.

This root appears to primarily relate to the concept of a wolf, with specific terms derived to denote this animal.

The root شرم (sh-r-m) primarily relates to the concept of splitting, cutting, or making an incision. It extends to describe physical features like a split nose, geographical features like a bay, and metaphorical concepts like a wound in hunting or a partial giving.

This root generally pertains to fragmentation, division, or small, scattered groups. It describes pieces of something or small, distinct portions, often applied to people or objects.

This root primarily describes something as strong, tall, and robust, often applied to men, horses, and even inanimate objects like spears. It conveys a sense of impressive stature and solid build.

This root primarily describes something as tall, long, or extended. It is applied to both people and animals, signifying impressive stature and sometimes beauty.

This root primarily concerns the concept of recompense, reward, or payment, often in exchange for a service or action. It also extends to meanings related to restraint, control, and stubbornness, particularly in the context of a horse's bit and a person's character. Additionally, it can refer to biting or bribing.

This root appears to be primarily geographical, referring to a specific location in the Levant, possibly a city.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of plant, the turnip. It is also used in a poetic context, likely referencing the plant or its characteristics.

This root primarily concerns the act of smelling, perceiving scents, and by extension, approaching or observing something closely. It also extends to physical descriptions of height and prominence, particularly in the nose, and a specific type of subtle vocalization in classical Arabic phonetics.

This root primarily relates to concepts of bravery, intelligence, and alertness, often in the context of facing fear or danger. It also extends to specific animal terms, particularly a type of hedgehog and a wild creature.

This root primarily concerns marks, moles, and distinctive features, extending to characteristics, traits, and even specific types of fish and places. It also encompasses actions related to drawing a sword, observing, and entering.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of being solid, complete, perfect, and strong. It extends to describe individuals or animals possessing these qualities, implying robustness and fullness.

This root primarily describes a color that is dark and tends towards yellow or brown, often associated with dust or a faded appearance. It can also refer to specific entities like a person's name, a place, or a type of plant.

This root primarily describes the state of standing upright, tall, and erect. It can also refer to something being large or imposing in stature.

The root صدم (ṣ-d-m) primarily relates to the act of striking or colliding forcefully, often with the head or a solid object. It encompasses the impact itself, the resulting injury or condition, and the physical location of such impact.

The root صرم (ṣ-r-m) primarily denotes cutting, severing, or separating. This core meaning extends to concepts of ending relationships, ceasing communication, and even the cessation of milk production or the end of a period. It also encompasses related ideas like scarcity, poverty, and harshness, as well as specific terms for groups of animals, buildings, or natural phenomena.

This root primarily denotes forceful impact, striking, or pushing. It can also extend to the idea of a severe shock or collision, and in a specialized context, refers to a horse's action of biting its bridle.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being cut off, severed, or removed, particularly related to ears. It extends to the idea of complete eradication or destruction, and metaphorically to severe or calamitous events.

This root appears to describe the state of being upright, erect, or standing tall. It conveys a sense of firm posture and potentially a robust or imposing physical presence.

This root appears to describe something strong or robust, specifically in the context of camels. The primary derived term refers to a strong camel, with the 'mim' being considered an extra letter.

This root primarily describes hardness, solidity, and strength, particularly in relation to physical objects like skulls or horses. It can also denote a strong, unyielding nature.

This root appears to relate to concepts of collision, impact, and potentially harshness or age, as seen in the derived terms.

The root صمم (ṣmm) primarily relates to concepts of blockage, deafness, hardness, and intensity. It extends to meanings of sealing, being deaf, solidness, and severe or extreme situations, as well as the essence or core of something.

This root primarily deals with the concept of joining, gathering, or bringing things together. It extends to concepts of embracing, incorporating, and consolidating.

This root primarily relates to purity or essence, extending to both positive and negative extremes of character or quality. It also describes stubbornness or unwavering resolve, particularly in animals.

The root صوم primarily relates to abstention, restraint, and stillness. It encompasses abstaining from food, speech, or movement, and can also refer to a state of being stationary or a specific type of tree.

This root appears to describe something or someone characterized by great strength and robustness, particularly in the context of a lion.

This root appears to be related to the lion, possibly through a phonetic alteration of another root. It also touches upon the concept of grasping or seizing.

This root primarily concerns crookedness, deviation, and asymmetry, particularly in physical features like the nose, shoulders, and mouth. It can also extend to describe disagreement or divergence in matters.

This root primarily describes the quality of being large, bulky, or massive. It applies to physical size and can be used for objects, people, and even abstract concepts of greatness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intense burning, ignition, and rapid spread of fire. It extends to related ideas of intense heat, hunger, and even swiftness in movement or anger.

This root primarily relates to intense biting, stubbornness, and specific descriptions of camels, often implying a negative or difficult quality.

This root primarily relates to the lion, its ferocity, and its actions. It also extends to the concept of fierce combat and the aggressive actions of warriors.

This root primarily concerns the act of biting, gnawing, or chewing forcefully. It extends to describe the animal that performs this action, particularly a lion, and the result of such biting.

This root primarily concerns the concept of joining, gathering, or bringing things together. It extends to the idea of encompassing, collecting, and forming groups, as well as expressing states of anger or intensity.

This root primarily concerns injustice, oppression, and wrongdoing. It also extends to the concept of being wronged or oppressed, and in a distinct classical usage, refers to a side or slope of a mountain.

This root primarily relates to concepts of overwhelming force, density, and abundance, often associated with natural phenomena like floods and darkness, but also extending to groups of people and intense combat.