Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of separation, distinction, and division. It extends to meanings of differentiating between things, parting, breaking apart, and also encompasses specific terms for measurements, religious texts, and geographical locations.

This root primarily discusses a specific type of bread or cake, its origin, and related terms for pieces and formations. It also touches upon linguistic rules for pluralization and diminutives of words with a specific structure.

This root primarily concerns the concept of deviating from a norm, whether it be physical integrity, moral rectitude, or obedience. It extends to describing the state of being corrupt, wicked, or having transgressed boundaries, and also has specific applications to the natural world and vocative expressions.

This root primarily relates to concepts of liveliness, eagerness, and suddenness. It describes a state of energetic activity and a keen desire, as well as the act of surprising someone.

This root primarily relates to sounds, specifically the barking of a dog, and by extension, to foolish or excessive talk. It also extends to the concept of something splitting or opening up.

The root فلق (f-l-q) primarily denotes the concept of splitting, cleaving, or breaking apart. It extends to describe the resulting cracks or fissures, and metaphorically, significant events or difficulties. It also encompasses specific meanings like the dawn, a depression in the ground, and a military unit.

This root primarily concerns concepts of luxury, comfort, and well-being, often associated with a life of ease and abundance. It can describe a state of being pampered, well-fed, or living a life of refined pleasure.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fullness, expansion, and overflowing. It extends to speaking in an exaggerated, verbose, or pompous manner, as if one's mouth is filled to capacity.

The root 'fawq' primarily relates to concepts of being above, superior, or exceeding. It extends to meanings of surpassing others in honor, the interval between milking a camel, and the moment of death or recovery. It also encompasses the physical structure of an arrow and the state of poverty.

This root primarily relates to the concept of flatness, levelness, and stillness, particularly in reference to land or water. It can also extend to describe a state of being settled or undisturbed.

This root entry primarily discusses a place name, with some debate among lexicographers regarding its exact meaning and origin. It is also linked to a Persian loanword for a shop or stall, possibly referring to a dog's kennel.

This root primarily concerns states of unease, restlessness, and anxiety. It describes a feeling of being unsettled, either internally or due to external factors causing distress.

This root appears to relate to extreme physical characteristics, specifically excessive height and baldness. The derived terms describe individuals with these traits.

This root appears to relate to concepts of roughness, hardness, and perhaps a specific type of terrain. It also seems to have connections to sounds or vocalizations, though this is less clear from the provided text.

This root describes skillfulness, adroitness, and suitability. It pertains to a person who is adept at their craft and to things that fit well or are well-made.

This root primarily concerns the concept of wetness or dampness, often associated with moisture clinging to something. It can describe a state of being wet, the act of making something wet, or an object that is wet.

This root primarily concerns the concept of reaching, catching up to, or joining something or someone. It also extends to meanings of being attached, belonging, or even becoming thin or emaciated.

This root primarily deals with the concept of following, joining, or attaching to something. It can also refer to something that is attached or follows behind, and in a derived sense, it describes fissures or cracks in the ground.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or attaching to something. It extends to the idea of being close or adjacent, and also to things that are not firmly attached or are temporary.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or clinging to something. It extends to the idea of being attached, both physically and metaphorically, and can also refer to something that is attached or stuck, such as a medical condition.

This root primarily concerns the act of licking or tasting with the tongue. It extends to figurative meanings related to greed and death, and also refers to tools and substances used for licking.

This root primarily concerns the act of joining or sewing things together, often to mend or create something. It extends to concepts of reconciliation, fabricated speech, and also includes unrelated terms for body parts, sounds, and a specific bird.

This root primarily relates to butter, its preparation, and its characteristic smoothness and softness. It extends to describe things that are made smooth or soft, like food prepared with butter, or even abstract concepts of ease and gentleness.

This root primarily relates to the color white, particularly a bright or intense white. It is used to describe objects and animals that are white, and can also denote a state of being intensely white.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or being suitable. It extends to ideas of attachment, closeness, and appropriateness, as well as the opposite of being detached or unsuitable. It also touches upon concepts of sustenance and attachment to land.

This root primarily concerns the sensation of choking or gasping, particularly associated with crying or intense emotion. It also extends to the corners of the eye and, metaphorically, to treachery or intense anger.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of nullification, annihilation, and obliteration. It extends to the idea of something being completely consumed or destroyed, and also has a specific astronomical meaning related to the end of the lunar month.

This root primarily concerns the act of diluting or mixing liquids, especially milk with water. It extends metaphorically to describe insincerity or impurity in relationships and intentions, implying a lack of genuine commitment or purity.

This root primarily relates to the concept of broth or soup, but also extends to meanings of passing through, exiting, or deviating. It can describe the liquid from cooking food, a pestilence affecting crops, or the act of a projectile piercing its target.

The root مزق (m-z-q) primarily denotes the act of tearing, ripping, or rending something. It extends to the resulting pieces, the act of scattering or dispersing, and metaphorically to rapid movement or destruction. It also appears in names and titles.

The root مشق (m-sh-q) primarily relates to speed, swiftness, and stretching or pulling. It extends to meanings of tearing, snatching, and also describes physical attributes like leanness and good proportion, as well as a type of red pigment.

This root primarily relates to the act of tasting, licking, or making sounds with the tongue. It also extends to the idea of speaking or articulating words, particularly in a distinct or perhaps mocking manner.

This root primarily relates to the concept of depth, both literal and figurative. It extends to meanings of remoteness, distance, and the extreme limits of a place, particularly deserts.

This root primarily relates to the act of drinking, especially in a gradual or complete manner. It also extends to meanings of enduring hardship, describing something as long, and a specific type of vocalization or speech.

The root ملق (mlq) primarily relates to concepts of smoothness, softness, and gentleness, often associated with physical touch or emotional disposition. It extends to meanings of wiping, washing, and even suckling, as well as the act of fawning or ingratiating oneself. The root also encompasses terms for flat, smooth land and swiftness.

This root primarily relates to foolishness and stupidity, often described as a profound lack of intelligence. It also extends to a specific type of footwear and the concept of a price becoming cheap or depreciating.

This root primarily concerns extreme whiteness, often devoid of any reddish hue. It extends to describe the color of water, a specific type of eye condition, and the act of drinking something gradually.

This root primarily relates to writing and communication, encompassing the act of writing, the written word, and speaking or emitting words. It also extends to the fruit of the lote tree and describes things arranged in a straight line.

The root نتق (ntq) primarily relates to the concepts of shaking, agitating, and pulling or drawing forcefully. It extends to meanings of detaching, stripping, and also to rapid or abundant procreation in animals.

This root describes a state of being light, quick, and impulsive, often associated with a lack of restraint or excessive spiritedness. It can apply to both animate beings and their actions, particularly in the context of movement and temperament.

This root primarily concerns the concept of arrangement, order, and alignment. It extends to the idea of things being in sequence, organized, or well-formed, whether in physical objects, speech, or even in a metaphorical sense of entanglement.

The root نطق (n-t-q) primarily relates to speaking, uttering words, and the faculty of speech. It extends to encompass concepts of eloquence, communication, and even physical attributes associated with binding or girding.

This root primarily concerns the sound made by a shepherd to direct or drive their flock. It extends to the act of calling out loudly and can also refer to celestial bodies.

This root primarily concerns the sounds made by animals, specifically the loud cries or calls of birds and camels. It also extends to the concept of repeated or persistent vocalization.

This root primarily concerns concepts of passing, depletion, and death, extending to the idea of a passage or tunnel. It also encompasses economic concepts like a market becoming active or a person becoming impoverished, and the idea of hypocrisy.

This root primarily concerns the sounds made by certain animals, particularly frogs, chickens, and sometimes cats. It also extends to specific terms for these animals and related sounds.

This root primarily concerns the act of writing, particularly with an emphasis on embellishment and decoration. It extends to the concept of adorning or beautifying something through written or artistic means.

This root primarily relates to small cushions or pillows, and by extension, to items placed upon a riding saddle. It also encompasses the concept of passing through or penetrating.

This root primarily concerns camels, specifically female camels (nāqah) and their plurals. It extends to concepts of taming, training, and reaching a high or elevated state, both literally and figuratively.