Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily describes forceful and violent action, often associated with aggression, strength, and harshness. It extends to describe individuals or animals possessing formidable power and resilience.

The root عجس (ʿajasa) primarily relates to concepts of holding, grasping, or being held back. It extends to describe parts of a bow, portions of time, large entities like camels or camels, and even a slow gait or a non-productive male animal. It also encompasses the idea of pursuing or following something closely.

The root 'عدس' primarily relates to movement, specifically going or traveling, often with connotations of intensity or force. It also extends to meanings of hardship, a type of legume, and a pustule.

This root describes something or someone that is strong, robust, and well-built in their physical constitution. It is primarily used for animals, particularly camels, but can also be applied to humans.

The root عرس (ʿrs) primarily relates to marriage, weddings, and the associated celebrations and people. It extends to meanings of nesting, dens, and even specific types of structures or colors, as well as states of confusion or stillness.

This root appears to describe something strong, robust, and imposing, particularly when referring to camels. It conveys a sense of power and impressive stature.

This root describes the act of withdrawing from a group or conflict, often due to submission, humility, or fear. It implies a yielding or backing down from a confrontation or challenge.

This root primarily relates to the concept of gathering, collecting, or bringing things together. It can also extend to describe intensity, such as the deepening of color or the strengthening of something.

This root appears to describe things that are solid, strong, and unyielding. It is primarily used for geological features like rocks and for describing a strong, resilient she-camel.

This root primarily concerns nocturnal movement, specifically patrolling or searching at night. It extends to concepts of delay, darkness, and the act of seeking or acquiring, often in a clandestine or solitary manner.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of tree resembling bamboo. The primary derived term describes this plant.

This root primarily relates to intense cold, often personified or associated with harsh conditions. It also extends to describe a type of plant and, metaphorically, the sharp teeth of hunting dogs.

This root primarily concerns the act of sneezing and its related phenomena. It extends to describe the initial stages of something appearing, like the dawn, and also refers to the nose.

This root describes completeness and perfection in creation, particularly for women and camels. It also relates to the concept of being well-formed and complete in physical attributes.

The root عفس primarily relates to concepts of confinement, humiliation, and struggle. It extends to actions of wrestling, dealing with, and enduring hardship, as well as specific names for camels and she-camels.

This root appears to describe a person of difficult or harsh disposition. It is used to characterize someone as having a stubborn or unyielding moral character.

The root 'aks' primarily relates to inversion, reversal, or turning something back. This encompasses physical actions like tying a rope in a reversed manner, as well as abstract concepts like returning something to its origin or mixing liquids.

This root primarily relates to intense darkness, particularly of the night. It can also extend to describe abundance or a large quantity of something.

This root primarily relates to concepts of largeness, intensity, and hardship. It extends to describe large ticks, strong individuals, a type of grain, and the act of drinking or consuming. It also encompasses experiences of hardship and being tested.

This root primarily describes intense blackness, particularly in hair. It can also refer to something being dense, gathered, or even hesitant or wavering.

This root appears to describe a type of camel, specifically a female camel (nāqah), characterized by its excellence, choiceness, and perhaps a specific physical attribute.

This root appears to describe something smooth, polished, and shining. It is used metaphorically to describe a bald head that is so smooth and shiny it reflects light.

This root primarily relates to darkness, obscurity, and confusion, extending to intense conflict and deception. It also encompasses the idea of something becoming worn out or forgotten, and a specific historical plague.

This root appears to relate to concepts of strength, robustness, and perhaps a specific type of animal or young male. The primary meanings revolve around powerful men and young, sturdy animals.

This root describes qualities of strength, endurance, and swiftness, particularly in the context of travel or pursuit. It also extends to describe animals known for these traits and a legendary figure embodying filial piety.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being mature, aged, or long-standing, particularly applied to female animals and unmarried women. It also extends to concepts of robustness, stubbornness, and a specific tribal affiliation.

This root primarily relates to nocturnal predatory actions, encompassing both animalistic hunting and the management of wealth. It also extends to specific biological terms and a type of sheep.

The root عيس primarily relates to the act of a male animal mating with a female, specifically a stallion with a mare. It also extends to descriptions of white camels with reddish hues and, metaphorically, to fine camels. Additionally, it encompasses the name of Jesus and related grammatical discussions.

This root primarily describes a grayish or dusty color, often associated with animals like wolves or horses. It also extends to concepts of time, particularly a long or indefinite duration, and generosity.

The root غرس (gh-r-s) primarily relates to planting and growth, encompassing the act of planting, young plants, and the initial stages of a plant's life. It also extends to a specific biological covering found on newborns.

This root primarily deals with concepts of baseness, weakness, and defect. It extends to actions of criticizing or finding fault, and also names a specific tribe and a type of water.

This root primarily concerns the act of submerging or plunging into a liquid, especially water. It encompasses the action of dipping, sinking, and the state of being submerged. It also includes a derived term for a lodestone.

This root describes arrogance, haughtiness, and tyrannical pride. It encompasses the concepts of being unjust, overbearing, and displaying excessive self-importance, often associated with oppressive rulers.

This root primarily concerns the darkness of late night and the act of traveling or performing actions during that time. It extends to metaphorical meanings of deception and misfortune associated with such obscured periods.

The root غمس (gh-m-s) primarily relates to the concept of immersion, plunging, or sinking into something. This can be literal, such as submerging in water, or figurative, like being engulfed in sin or a difficult situation. It also extends to meanings of intensity and penetration.

This root appears to relate to the intensity and sharpness of youth, possibly implying a vigorous or potent stage of life.

This root primarily relates to the concept of an axe or a similar sharp, cutting tool. It extends to describe parts of a horse's head and the act of striking with such a tool.

This root primarily denotes arrogance, haughtiness, and excessive pride. It describes a person who is boastful and conceited, often to an extreme degree.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to a specific name for a lion and a proper noun for a tribal group.

This root primarily concerns horses, their riders, and related concepts. It extends to the act of killing or breaking the neck, and metaphorically to keen insight and a specific type of plant. It also includes geographical and tribal names.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a garden or an enclosed cultivated area. It extends to specific locations and descriptive terms for cultivated plants.

This root appears to relate to the snout or nose, specifically in the context of a pig.

This root primarily relates to the shape of the nose, specifically a flattened or broad nose. It also extends to meanings of death and a type of hammer.

This root primarily relates to the act of breaking or hatching, often associated with eggs. It can also extend to meanings of death or ruin, possibly metaphorically linked to something breaking apart.

This root entry is primarily a genealogical reference, identifying a specific ancestor and tribe. It does not appear to have broader semantic extensions or derived meanings in this context.

This root appears to describe someone or something characterized by eagerness, greed, or excessive asking. It is associated with a greedy person, a dog, and a specific man known for his insatiable requests.

This root primarily concerns the concept of financial ruin, bankruptcy, and the state of being penniless. It also extends to the idea of being declared bankrupt by an authority.

This root entry discusses terms related to lineage and parentage, specifically focusing on individuals whose parentage involves a freedman (mawla) and an Arab or a freedwoman. It differentiates between various terms based on the status of the father and mother.

This root primarily concerns the concept of taking or giving a flame or light, extending metaphorically to acquiring knowledge or benefit. It also includes terms related to animal fertility and place names.

The root قدس (q-d-s) primarily denotes purity, holiness, and sanctification. It is used for abstract concepts like purity itself, sacred places, and divine attributes, as well as for the act of purifying.